Population Aging in Canada: What Life Cycle Deficit Age Profiles Are Telling Us about Living Standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-211
Author(s):  
Marcel Mérette ◽  
Julien Navaux
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Living Standards

ECONOMIC-DEMOGRAPHIC DEPENDENCY RATIO IN A LIFE-CYCLE MODEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1635-1673
Author(s):  
Sau-Him P. Lau ◽  
Albert K. Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Stochastic Mortality ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Parameter Values

The conventional dependency ratio based on cohort-invariant cutoff points could overstate the true burden of population aging. Using optimal cohort-varying years of schooling and retirement age in a life-cycle model, we propose a modified definition of dependency ratio. We compare the proposed economic-demographic dependency ratio (EDDR) with the conventional definition and find that the conventional dependency ratio of the USA is projected to increase by 0.105 from 2010 to 2060, which is an over-projection of 86% when compared with the projected increase of 0.015 in the EDDR over the same period. Sensitivity analysis suggests that our finding is quite robust to reasonable changes in parameter values (except for one parameter), and the magnitude of over-projection ranges mainly from 0.079 to 0.102 (i.e., 75% to 97%). We follow the well-established Lee–Carter model to forecast stochastic mortality and employ the method of expanding duration to decompose the sources of over-projection.

scholarly journals Aging in Europe: Reforms, International Diversification, and Behavioral Reactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Börsch-Supan ◽  
Klaus Härtl ◽  
Alexander Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Pension Reform ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

The extent of demographic changes in Europe is much more drastic than in the United States. This paper studies the effects of population aging on the interactions between economic growth and living standards in Europe with labor market and pension reform, behavioral adaptations, and international capital flows. Our analysis is based on an overlapping generations model with behavioral reactions to reform which is extended to the multi-country situation typical for Europe. While the negative effects of population aging on growth in Europe can in principle be compensated by reforms and economic adaptation mechanisms, they may be partially offset by behavioral reactions.

Life Cycle Management of Prefabricated Housing

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1476-1479
Author(s):  
Jie Ru Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Management Model ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Management Method ◽  
House Building

With the development of economy and the improvement of living standards, people pay much attention to quality of dwellings rather than quantity. What is more, the traditional house building method is inefficient and the poor quality cannot meet the demand of the market. Therefore, a new architecture building method, prefabricated housing appears and the management method also needs to be changed. This article analyses the features of prefabricated housing in order to build a new management model for Chinese prefabricated housing. The theory of life cycle management is chosen to manage this new building mode. The technology of BIM and mass customization strategy are treated as basic theories to support this essay. Det Ljuva Livet is used as an example to prove that the life cycle management of prefabricated housing is reasonable and feasible.

scholarly journals Population aging in Albanian post-socialist society: Implications for care and family life

SEEU Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merita Meçe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Family Life Cycle ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Socialist Society ◽  
Family Development ◽  
Life Cycle Theory

Abstract Population aging is becoming an inevitable phenomenon in Albanian post-socialist society, posing multi-faceted challenges to its individuals, families and society as a whole. Since 1991, the Albanian population has been exposed to intensive demographic changes caused by unintended aspects of socio-economic transition from a planned socialist economy to a market-oriented capitalist one (Hoff, 2008). Ongoing processes of re-organization of social institutions increased its socio-economic insecurity leading to the application of various coping mechanisms. While adjusting themselves to other aspects of life, people changed their decisions of having children and leaving the country (Hoff, 2008). On the other hand, replacement of former traditional extended family forms with diverse living arrangements and family structures has been the outcome of the combination of three factors: falling fertility, increasing life expectancy and increasing migration (INSTAT, 2014). However, family remains the basic social unit that provides support, care and protection for its old members even though its capacities are diminishing. Family Life Cycle Theory views family development as a series of stages where family members deal with various developmental tasks and play different roles as they move from one stage to another. This paper examines population aging in Albanian post-socialist society (after 1990). Based on Family Life Cycle Theory and Family Development Theory, it reviews literature and uses secondary data to discuss its implications for elderly care and family life. It concludes that population aging requires better understanding of this process in order to facilitate a series of family adaptations to respond to the changing needs of its elderly members.

scholarly journals The Life Cycle Hypothesis and Uncertainty: Analyzing Aging Savings Relationship in Tunisia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfa Frini
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Auxiliary Variable ◽  
Structural Var ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Impulse Function ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
Life Cycle Hypothesis ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio

This research empirically checks the effect of uncertainty on aging-saving link that is indirectly captured by an auxiliary variable: the unemployment. It looks at the nexus population aging and savings by bringing out the unemployment context importance in determination saving behavior notably in a setting of unavailability of unemployment allowance. To better estimate population aging, it considers the old-age dependency ratio besides the total dependency one, which is the usually indicator used. Applying the Structural VAR model, the variance decomposition technique and the response impulse function, on Tunisia during 1970–2019, it puts on show that elderly do not dissave in a context of enduring unemployment and unavailability of unemployment allowance. Unemployment is an important factor able to shaping the saving behavior and to distort the life cycle hypothesis’s prediction. Consequently, the life cycle hypothesis cannot be validated under uncertainty. Hence, aging does not to alter savings systematically. The nature of aging-saving relationship is upon to social and economic context.

scholarly journals Escaping Malthus: Economic Growth and Fertility Change in the Developing World

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1440-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoumitro Chatterjee ◽  
Tom Vogl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Fertility Change ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Malthusian Trap

Following mid-twentieth century predictions of Malthusian catastrophe, fertility in the developing world more than halved, while living standards more than doubled. We analyze how fertility change related to economic growth during this episode, using data on 2.3 million women from 255 household surveys. We find different responses to fluctuations and long-run growth, both heterogeneous over the life cycle. Fertility was procyclical but declined and delayed with long-run growth; fluctuations late (but not early) in the reproductive period affected lifetime fertility. The results are consistent with models of the escape from the Malthusian trap, extended with a life cycle and liquidity constraints. (JEL D15, I12, I15, J13, J16, O15, O47)

scholarly journals Aging, Output Per Capita, and Secular Stagnation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauti B. Eggertsson ◽  
Manuel Lancastre ◽  
Lawrence H. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Capita Output

This paper re-examines the relationship between population aging and economic growth. We confirm previous research such as Cutler et al. (1990) and Acemoglu and Restrepo (2017) that show positive correlation between population aging and per capita output growth. Our contribution is demonstrating that this relationship breaks down when the adjustment of interest rates is inhibited by a lower bound on nominal rates, as during the Great Financial Crisis decade. Indeed, during the “secular stagnation regime” of 2008–2015 that prevailed in a number of countries, aging had a negative impact on living standards, consistent with the secular stagnation hypothesis. (JEL E23, E32, E43, G01, I31, J14)

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