Marine sponges in the once and future ocean

Sponges, exclusively are aquatic and mostly marine, are found from the deepest oceans to the edge of the sea. There are approximately 15,000 species of sponges in the world, of which, 150 occur in freshwater, but only about 17 are of commercial value. A total of 486 species of sponges have been identified in India. In the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay a maximum of 319 species of sponges have been recorded. It has been proved that marine organisms are excellent source of bioactive secondary metabolites and number of compounds of originated from marine organisms had been reported to possess in-vitro and in-vivo immuno stimulatory activity. Extracts from 20 sponge species were tested for bacterial symbionts and bioactive compounds were isolated from such associated bacterial species in the present study.

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0141 - Characterization of bacterial populations hosting plasmids in marine sponges from Taiwan

10.26226/morressier.5b5199bdb1b87b000ecee12d ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Oliveira Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Marine Sponges ◽

Bacterial Populations

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Neuroprotective Activities of Marine Natural Products from Marine Sponges

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867323666151127201249 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 360-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mousa Alghazwi ◽

Yen Qi Kan ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Wei Ping Gai ◽

Xiao-Xin Yan

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Marine Natural Products ◽

Marine Sponges

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Structural and Bioactive Studies of Halogenated Constituents from Sponges

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666181112092159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (14) ◽

pp. 2335-2360 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chao Li ◽

Dayong Shi

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Halogenated Organic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Natural Products ◽

The Past ◽

Tyrosine Derivatives ◽

Polyunsaturated Lipids

: Marine organisms are abundant sources of bioactive natural products. Among metabolites produced by sponges and their associated microbial communities, halogenated natural compounds accounted for an important part due to their potent biological activities. The present review updates and compiles a total of 258 halogenated organic compounds isolated in the past three decades, especially brominated derivatives derived from 31 genera of marine sponges. These compounds can be classified as the following classes: brominated polyunsaturated lipids, nitrogen compounds, brominated tyrosine derivatives and other halogenated compounds. These substances were listed together with their source organisms, structures and bioactivities. For this purpose, 84 references were consulted.

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Investigation of Compounds and Biological Activity of Selected Indonesian Marine Sponges

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190627105237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 312-321

Author(s):

Idin Sahidin ◽

Carla W. Sabandar ◽

Wahyuni ◽

Rini Hamsidi ◽

Sandra Aulia Mardikasari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Chemical Screening ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Antioxidant Agents

Background: Marine sponges provided a great source of natural products with promising biological activity. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of methanol extracts of selected Indonesian marine sponges (Callyspongia sp., Clathria sp., Melophlus sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp.), collected from the Saponda Islands, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methods: LCMS/MS analysis used to identify the compounds. Agar well diffusion and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Results: Chemical screening reported alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins from all investigated sponges. The LC-MS/MS analysis identified various compounds which mainly contained steroids. Antimicrobial activity (against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans) was only shown by the Xestospongia sp. extract. Meanwhile, extracts of M. sarasinorum, Xestospongia sp., and Callyspongia sp. exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that the selected sponges could provide various groups of compounds. Methanol extracts of these sponges could be used as sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

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Current Status on Natural Products with Antitumor Activity from Brazilian Marine Sponges

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/138920112798868674 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 235-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mario Luiz Conte da Frota Junior ◽

Renata Biegelmeyer da Silva ◽

Beatriz Mothes ◽

Amelia Teresinha Henriques ◽

Jose Claudio Fonseca Moreira

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Antitumor Activity ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Current Status

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Genome Reduction and Secondary Metabolism of the Marine Sponge-Associated Cyanobacterium Leptothoe

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19060298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Despoina Konstantinou ◽

Rafael V. Popin ◽

David P. Fewer ◽

Kaarina Sivonen ◽

Spyros Gkelis

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Genome Reduction ◽

Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Symbiotic Relationships ◽

Genes Encoding

Sponges form symbiotic relationships with diverse and abundant microbial communities. Cyanobacteria are among the most important members of the microbial communities that are associated with sponges. Here, we performed a genus-wide comparative genomic analysis of the newly described marine benthic cyanobacterial genus Leptothoe (Synechococcales). We obtained draft genomes from Le. kymatousa TAU-MAC 1615 and Le. spongobia TAU-MAC 1115, isolated from marine sponges. We identified five additional Leptothoe genomes, host-associated or free-living, using a phylogenomic approach, and the comparison of all genomes showed that the sponge-associated strains display features of a symbiotic lifestyle. Le. kymatousa and Le. spongobia have undergone genome reduction; they harbored considerably fewer genes encoding for (i) cofactors, vitamins, prosthetic groups, pigments, proteins, and amino acid biosynthesis; (ii) DNA repair; (iii) antioxidant enzymes; and (iv) biosynthesis of capsular and extracellular polysaccharides. They have also lost several genes related to chemotaxis and motility. Eukaryotic-like proteins, such as ankyrin repeats, playing important roles in sponge-symbiont interactions, were identified in sponge-associated Leptothoe genomes. The sponge-associated Leptothoe stains harbored biosynthetic gene clusters encoding novel natural products despite genome reduction. Comparisons of the biosynthetic capacities of Leptothoe with chemically rich cyanobacteria revealed that Leptothoe is another promising marine cyanobacterium for the biosynthesis of novel natural products.

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The Culturable Mycobiome of Mesophotic Agelas oroides: Constituents and Changes Following Sponge Transplantation to Shallow Water

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7070567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 567

Author(s):

Eyal Ben-Dor Cohen ◽

Micha Ilan ◽

Oded Yarden

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Shallow Water ◽

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

The Core ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Dynamic Components ◽

In Vitro Interactions

Marine sponges harbor a diverse array of microorganisms and the composition of the microbial community has been suggested to be linked to holo-biont health. Most of the attention concerning sponge mycobiomes has been given to sponges present in shallow depths. Here, we describe the presence of 146 culturable mycobiome taxa isolated from mesophotic niche (100 m depth)-inhabiting samples of Agelas oroides, in the Mediterranean Sea. We identify some potential in vitro interactions between several A. oroides-associated fungi and show that sponge meso-hyl extract, but not its predominantly collagen-rich part, is sufficient to support hyphal growth. We demonstrate that changes in the diversity of culturable mycobiome constituents occur following sponge transplantation from its original mesophotic habitat to shallow (10 m) waters, where historically (60 years ago) this species was found. We conclude that among the 30 fungal genera identified as associated with A. oroides, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma constitute the core mycobiome of A. oroides, and that they persist even when the sponge is transplanted to a suboptimal environment, indicative of the presence of constant, as well as dynamic, components of the sponge mycobiome. Other genera seemed more depth-related and appeared or disappeared upon host’s transfer from 100 to 10 m.

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