Care preferences of healthy, middle‐aged adults in Japan and the USA if they acquired dementia: A cross‐sectional observational study

AbstractBackgroundPrevious epidemiological studies have demonstrated the prevalence and relationship of various factors associated with sarcopenia in older adults; however, few have examined the status of sarcopenia in middle-aged adults. In this study, we aimed to, 1) evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test, which is potentially a useful screening tool for sarcopenia, and 2) determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.MethodsWe conducted face-to-face surveys of 525 adults, who were aged 40–91 years and resided in Settsu City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan to evaluate the validity of finger-circle test. The finger-circle test evaluated calf circumference by referring to an illustration printed on the survey form. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) was plotted to evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test for screening sarcopenia and compared to that evaluated by skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured using bioimpedance. We also conducted multisite population-based cross-sectional anonymous mail surveys of 9337 adults, who were aged 40–97 years and resided in Settsu and Hannan Cities, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling by sex and age in the elementary school zones of their respective cities. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to explore associations between characteristics and prevalence of sarcopenia.ResultsSarcopenia, defined by SMI, was moderately predicted by a finger-circle test response showing that the subject’s calf was smaller than their finger-circle (AUROC: 0.729, < 65 years; 0.653, ≥65 years); such subjects were considered to have sarcopenia. In mail surveys, prevalence of sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test was higher in older subjects (approximately 16%) than in middle-aged subjects (approximately 8–9%). In a multiple regression model, the factors associated with sarcopenia were age, body mass index, smoking status, self-reported health, and number of meals in all the participants.ConclusionsSarcopenia, screened by the finger-circle test, was present not only among older adults but also among middle-aged adults. These results may provide useful indications for developing public health programs, not only for the prevention, but especially for the management of sarcopenia.Trial registrationUMIN000036880, registered prospectively May 29, 2019, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000042027

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Measures Derived from Panoramic Ultrasonography and Animal-Based Protein Intake Are Related to Muscular Performance in Middle-Aged Adults

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10050988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 988

Author(s):

Nathaniel R. Johnson ◽

Christopher J. Kotarsky ◽

Kyle J. Hackney ◽

Kara A. Trautman ◽

Nathan D. Dicks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Intake ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Lower Body ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Muscular Performance ◽

Middle Aged Adults

Ultrasonography advantageously measures skeletal muscle size and quality, but some muscles may be too large to capture with standardized brightness mode (B-mode) imaging. Panoramic ultrasonography can capture more complete images and may more accurately measure muscle size. We investigated measurements made using panoramic compared to B-mode ultrasonography images of the rectus femoris with muscular performance. Concurrently, protein intake plays an important role in preventing sarcopenia; therefore, we also sought to investigate the association between animal-based protein intake (ABPI) and muscular performance. Ninety-one middle-aged adults were recruited. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and thickness were obtained using B-mode and panoramic ultrasound and analyzed with Image J software. Muscular performance was assessed using isokinetic dynamometry, a 30-s chair test, and handgrip strength. Three-day food diaries estimated dietary intakes. Linear regression models determined relationships between measures from ultrasonography and muscular performance. Mixed linear models were used to evaluate the association between ABPI and muscular performance. Muscle CSA from panoramic ultrasonography and ABPI were positively associated with lower-body strength (β ± S.E.; CSA, 42.622 ± 20.024, p = 0.005; ABPI, 65.874 ± 19.855, p = 0.001), lower-body endurance (β ± S.E.; CSA, 595 ± 200.221, p = 0.001; ABPI, 549.944 ± 232.478, p = 0.020), and handgrip strength (β ± S.E.; CSA, 6.966 ± 3.328, p = 0.004; ABPI, 0.349 ± 0.171, p = 0.045). Panoramic ultrasound shows promise as a method for assessing sarcopenia. ABPI is related to better muscular performance.

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The cross-sectional association of renal dysfunction with tests of cognition in middle-aged adults with early type 2 diabetes

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications ◽

10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107805 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 107805

Author(s):

Joshua I. Barzilay ◽

Naji Younes ◽

Rodica Pop-Busui ◽

Hermes Florez ◽

Elizabeth Seaquist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Renal Dysfunction ◽

Early Type ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

Middle Aged Adults

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Benefits of volunteerism for middle-aged and older adults: comparisons between types of volunteering activities

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x21001665 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Alfred H. K. Lam ◽

Dannii Y. Yeung ◽

Edwin K. H. Chung

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Middle Aged Adults ◽

Main Effects

Abstract Volunteering is a popular activity among middle-aged and older adults as means to contribute to the society and to maintain personal health and wellbeing. While the benefits of volunteering have been well-documented in the current literature, it does not tend to distinguish between various types of volunteering activities. This cross-sectional study aims to compare the effects of instrumental (e.g. food preparation, fundraising) and cognitively demanding volunteering activities (e.g. befriending, mentoring) in a sample of 487 middle-aged and older Hong Kong Chinese adults. Participation in instrumental and cognitively demanding volunteering, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, cognitive functioning and hand-grip strength were measured. The results of two-way between-subject robust analyses of variance demonstrated significant main effects of volunteering type and their interaction effect with age on life satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Comparisons among four volunteering groups (no volunteering, instrumental volunteering, cognitively demanding volunteering and both types) revealed that individuals engaging in instrumental volunteering exhibited lower life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms compared to those who engaged in cognitively demanding volunteering and those who did not volunteer at all. This detrimental pattern of instrumental volunteering was only seen in middle-aged adults, but not in older adults. Findings of this study revealed distinctive effects of two volunteering types, and provide valuable directions for designing future volunteering programmes.

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Cross-Sectional Examination of Musculoskeletal Pain and Physical Function in a Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse Sample of Adults

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa251 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Angie L Sardina ◽

Alyssa A Gamaldo ◽

Ross Andel ◽

Shanthi Johnson ◽

Tamara A Baker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Function ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Future Research ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal pain alters physiological function, which may be evidenced as early as middle age. Previous research has concluded that middle-aged adults are a high-risk group for musculoskeletal pain and report functional limitations similar to older adults. However, few studies have examined the relationships between musculoskeletal pain and physical function, using objective performance measures in a sample of racially and socioeconomically diverse adults. Thus, this study examined musculoskeletal pain in relation to physical function in middle-aged (30–64 years) White and Black adults and investigated whether the relationship varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Methods This cross-sectional examination incorporated data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life-Span Study. Participants (n = 875) completed measures of musculoskeletal pain and objective measures of physical performance (ie, lower and upper body strength, balance, and gait abnormalities). Physical performance measures were standardized to derive a global measure of physical function as the dependent variable. Results Approximately, 59% of participants identified at least 1 pain sites (n = 518). Multivariable regression analyses identified significant relationships between greater musculoskeletal pain and poorer physical function (β = −0.07, p = .031), in mid midlife (β = −0.04, p = .041; age 40–54) and late midlife (β = −0.05, p = .027; age 55–64). Conclusions This study observed that musculoskeletal pain was associated with poorer physical function within a diverse group of middle-aged adults. Future research should longitudinally explore whether chronic musculoskeletal pain identified at younger ages is associated with greater risk for functional limitation and dependence in later life.

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Association of alcohol consumption with prevalence of fatty liver after adjustment for dietary patterns: Cross-sectional analysis of Japanese middle-aged adults

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1580-1586

Author(s):

Ryoko Tajima ◽

Fumiaki Imamura ◽

Takeshi Kimura ◽

Satomi Kobayashi ◽

Katsunori Masuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Middle Aged Adults ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Sex Differences in the Influence of Sleep on Body Mass Index and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Adults

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare8040561 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 561

Author(s):

Hyun-E Yeom ◽

Jungmin Lee

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Aged People ◽

Middle Aged Adults ◽

The Impact

Poor sleep and obesity are intimately related to cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to examine whether the influence of sleep and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) differed by sex in middle-aged people. It is a cross-sectional study of 458 Korean participants who completed self-administered surveys; the data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. We found that both sleep and BMI were significant predictors of MetS risk in women, particularly by the role of BMI connecting the impact of sleep to MetS risk. However, the association was not found in men, showing that BMI, but not sleep, was a significant predictor of MetS. This sex-related difference was due to different relationships between sleep and BMI, indicating that BMI was more dependent on sleep quality for women than for men. Therefore, a sex-specific approach to decrease the risk of MetS is warranted.

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