Efficacy of glycine powder air polishing in comparison with sodium bicarbonate air polishing and ultrasonic scaling - a double-blind clinico-histopathologic study

ABSTRACT Objectives:Air polishing with sodium bicarbonate powders with a grain size of 40 μm is recommended for patient comfort. However, the efficacy of small grain size on stain removal has not been adequately studied. This study aimed to compare the stain removal efficacy of sodium bicarbonatepowders with grain sizes of 65 and 40 μm and to evaluate patient acceptance and operator opinion after using both air polishing powders. Materials and Methods: A double-blind, randomized, split-mouth study was conducted with 35 participants with moderate to heavy dental staining on both sides of the upper teeth. Removal of dental stains on the index teeth was performed using sodium bicarbonate powders with a grain size of either 65 or 40 μm. The time taken to completely remove all dental stains was recorded. After treatment, a questionnaire was used to evaluate patient acceptance and the operator's opinion.Results: The average time for the removal of all stains by powder was 4.5 ± 3.6 min with a grain size of 65 μm and 4.4 ± 3.8 min with a grain size of 40 μm. The difference in the average time between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.461). The operator's opinions of the two powders were identical, and patient acceptance did not differ significantly between the two types of powders.Conclusions: The 40 μm sodium bicarbonate powder removed dental stains as efficiently as the 65-μm powder. Powder handling and patient acceptance were comparable between grain sizes of 65 and 40 μm.

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SEM Analysis of Enamel Abrasion after Air Polishing Treatment with Erythritol, Glycine and Sodium Bicarbonate

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9090549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 549 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bruna Sinjari ◽

Gianmaria D’Addazio ◽

Martina Bozzi ◽

Manlio Santilli ◽

Tonino Traini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Air Flow ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Medical Systems ◽

Air Polishing ◽

And Control

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the enamel surface topography after treatment with three air polishing powders: Glycine (A), erythritol (B), and sodium bicarbonate (C) (Air Flow Soft, Plus and Classic powders, EMS Electro Medical Systems S.A., Nyon, Switzerland). Fifteen extracted incisors were randomly divided into three groups of five teeth each, A, B and C, respectively. The teeth were blocked in plaster bases, washed, dried and half-covered with polytetrafluoroethylene strips before treatment. In this way, each half-treated dental element became test and control of itself. Comparative statistical analysis of Rq (geometric average of the deviations occurring in roughness profile) was performed. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed different degrees of surface roughness between the groups, decreasing after treatment. In addition, a statistically significant reduction p < 0.05 was present in group C (Rq mean non-treated 108.17 µm, 95% CI: 97.29–124.01 and Rq mean treated 86.78 µm, 95% CI: 80.63–93.70). A decrease in surface roughness post-treatment was not observed in group A and B. Therefore, it may be concluded that the air flow powders tested herein can be used on dental enamel to reduce the surface roughness due to function and the action of dental therapies.

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Warm-Up Intensity Does Not Affect the Ergogenic Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate in Adult Men

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0076 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Rebecca L. Jones ◽

Trent Stellingwerff ◽

Paul Swinton ◽

Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽

Bryan Saunders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Body Mass ◽

Acid Base ◽

Double Blind ◽

Warm Up ◽

Adult Men ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Main Effect ◽

Work Done ◽

Blind Trials

This study determined the influence of a high- (HI) versus low-intensity (LI) cycling warm-up on blood acid-base responses and exercise capacity following ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (SB; 0.3 g/kg body mass) or a placebo (PLA; maltodextrin) 3 hr prior to warm-up. Twelve men (21 ± 2 years, 79.2 ± 3.6 kg body mass, and maximum power output [Wmax] 318 ± 36 W) completed a familiarization and four double-blind trials in a counterbalanced order: HI warm-up with SB, HI warm-up with PLA, LI warm-up with SB, and LI warm-up with PLA. LI warm-up was 15 min at 60% Wmax, while the HI warm-up (typical of elites) featured LI followed by 2 × 30 s (3-min break) at Wmax, finishing 30 min prior to a cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax. Blood bicarbonate and lactate were measured throughout. SB supplementation increased blood bicarbonate (+6.4 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, CI [5.7, 7.1]) prior to greater reductions with HI warm-up (−3.8 mmol/L; 95% CI [−5.8, −1.8]). However, during the 30-min recovery, blood bicarbonate rebounded and increased in all conditions, with concentrations ∼5.3 mmol/L greater with SB supplementation (p < .001). Blood bicarbonate significantly declined during the cycling capacity test at 110%Wmax with greater reductions following SB supplementation (−2.4 mmol/L; 95% CI [−3.8, −0.90]). Aligned with these results, SB supplementation increased total work done during the cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax (+8.5 kJ; 95% CI [3.6, 13.4], ∼19% increase) with no significant main effect of warm-up intensity (+0.0 kJ; 95% CI [−5.0, 5.0]). Collectively, the results demonstrate that SB supplementation can improve HI cycling capacity irrespective of prior warm-up intensity, likely due to blood alkalosis.

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Evaluating the effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate, ingested individually or in combination, and a taste-matched placebo on high-intensity cycling capacity in healthy males

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0371 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 354-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Matthew F. Higgins ◽

Susie Wilson ◽

Cameron Hill ◽

Mike J. Price ◽

Mike Duncan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Intensity ◽

Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Double Blind ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Experimental Trials

This study evaluated the effects of ingesting sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or caffeine individually or in combination on high-intensity cycling capacity. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, 13 healthy, noncycling trained males (age: 21 ± 3 years, height: 178 ± 6 cm, body mass: 76 ± 12 kg, peak power output (Wpeak): 230 ± 34 W, peak oxygen uptake: 46 ± 8 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a graded incremental exercise test, 2 familiarisation trials, and 4 experimental trials. Trials consisted of cycling to volitional exhaustion at 100% Wpeak (TLIM) 60 min after ingesting a solution containing either (i) 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass sodium bicarbonate (BIC), (ii) 5 mg·kg−1 body mass caffeine plus 0.1 g·kg−1 body mass sodium chloride (CAF), (iii) 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass sodium bicarbonate plus 5 mg·kg−1 body mass caffeine (BIC-CAF), or (iv) 0.1 g·kg−1 body mass sodium chloride (PLA). Experimental solutions were administered double-blind. Pre-exercise, at the end of exercise, and 5-min postexercise blood pH, base excess, and bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO3−]) were significantly elevated for BIC and BIC-CAF compared with CAF and PLA. TLIM (median; interquartile range) was significantly greater for CAF (399; 350–415 s; P = 0.039; r = 0.6) and BIC-CAF (367; 333–402 s; P = 0.028; r = 0.6) compared with BIC (313: 284–448 s) although not compared with PLA (358; 290–433 s; P = 0.249, r = 0.3 and P = 0.099 and r = 0.5, respectively). There were no differences between PLA and BIC (P = 0.196; r = 0.4) or between CAF and BIC-CAF (P = 0.753; r = 0.1). Relatively large inter- and intra-individual variation was observed when comparing treatments and therefore an individual approach to supplementation appears warranted.

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The Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine and Air Polishing System in the Treatment of Candida albicans Infected Dental Implants: An Experimental In Vitro Study

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9040179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pier Carmine Passarelli ◽

Marta De Leonardis ◽

Giovan Battista Piccirillo ◽

Viviana Desantis ◽

Raffaele Papa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Rough Surfaces ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Term Survival ◽

Air Polishing ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease with an increasing diffusion rate which can affect the long-term survival of a prosthetic rehabilitation. The present study focused on the decontaminating efficacy of chlorhexidine and air polishing system with sodium bicarbonate powder against Candida albicans, a microorganism which seems to have a superinfecting opportunistic role in the pathology. The aim of the authors was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of these treatments, commonly used in clinical practice. Methods: An in vitro study was conducted to analyze the effects of two widely used therapeutic aids for the disinfection of affected titanium implants: chlorhexidine (CHX) and air polishing with sodium bicarbonate powder (P). A qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis of the residual biofilm was carried out using a colorimetric assay (XTT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. The experiment was conducted both on machined titanium surfaces and on rough sandblasted ones with the aim of bringing out differences in the therapeutic outcomes concerning the superficial texture of the implant. The null hypothesis was that no difference could be detected between the samples, regarding both the treatments performed and the nano-structural features of titanium. Results: The best results (on both types of implant surfaces) were obtained when combining the use of chlorhexidine and air polishing (C + P). A linear decrease in the optical density (OD) values recorded at three different time points (30 s, 1 min, 5 min) was also observed passing from the first to the last one. When observed under scanning electron microscope rough surfaces showed an extensive and highly structured biofilm, more complex if compared to the one encountered when analyzing machined implants. Conclusions: the present pilot study showed that rough surfaces can promote fungal adhesion and eventually hinder the outcome of a decontaminating treatment. For this purpose, the physio-chemical technique is always more efficient if compared to a single-technique approach regardless of the surface characteristics.

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Comparison of the effect of sodium bicarbonate and glycine air polishing systems on tooth surface roughness: An atomic force microscopic analysis

Technology and Health Care ◽

10.3233/thc-202210 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

S. Tamilselvi ◽

Raghvendra Reddy Nagate ◽

Manae Musa Musleh Al-Ahmari ◽

G. Kokila ◽

Shreyas Tikare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Air Polishing ◽

Atomic Force

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Increased Blood pH but Not Performance With Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in Elite Rugby Union Players

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.20.4.307 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 307-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Sonya L. Cameron ◽

Rebecca T. McLay-Cooke ◽

Rachel C. Brown ◽

Andrew R. Gray ◽

Kirsty A. Fairbairn

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

High Intensity ◽

Rugby Union ◽

Placebo Condition ◽

Double Blind ◽

Warm Up ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Gi Symptoms ◽

Improve Exercise Performance ◽

Rugby Players

Purpose:This study investigated the effect of ingesting 0.3 g/kg body weight (BW) of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on physiological responses, gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability, and sprint performance in elite rugby union players.Methods:Twenty-five male rugby players, age 21.6 (2.6) yr, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Sixty-five minutes after consuming 0.3 g/kg BW of either NaHCO3 or placebo, participants completed a 25-min warm-up followed by 9 min of high-intensity rugby-specific training followed by a rugby-specific repeated-sprint test (RSRST). Whole-blood samples were collected to determine lactate and bicarbonate concentrations and pH at baseline, after supplement ingestion, and immediately after the RSRST. Acute GI discomfort was assessed by questionnaire throughout the trials, and chronic GI discomfort was assessed during the 24 hr postingestion.Results:After supplement ingestion and immediately after the RSRST, blood HCO3 − concentration and pH were higher for the NaHCO3 condition than for the placebo condition (p < .001). After the RSRST, blood lactate concentrations were significantly higher for the NaHCO3 than for the placebo condition (p < .001). There was no difference in performance on the RSRST between the 2 conditions. The incidence of belching, stomachache, diarrhea, stomach bloating, and nausea was higher after ingestion of NaHCO3 than with placebo (all p < .050). The severity of stomach cramps, belching, stomachache, bowel urgency, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach bloating, and flatulence was rated worse after ingestion of NaHCO3 than with placebo (p < .050).Conclusions:NaHCO3 supplementation increased blood HCO3 − concentration and attenuated the decline in blood pH compared with placebo during high-intensity exercise in well-trained rugby players but did not significantly improve exercise performance. The higher incidence and greater severity of GI symptoms after ingestion of NaHCO3 may negatively affect physical performance, and the authors strongly recommend testing this supplement during training before use in competitive situations.

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