Polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 receptor gene are associated with body mass index and with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome

AbstractObjectiveOsteoporosis and obesity are complex diseases with a strong genetic component. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body mass index (BMI) linkage studies identified a locus at 1q21-23, where the interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) gene is located. The IL6R and the gp130 receptors are the mediators of IL6 action. Serum levels of IL6 and sIL6R (the soluble form of IL6R) are higher in several diseases such as osteoporosis or obesity. Variants at IL6R have been associated with BMI and obesity. However, IL6R is an as-yet-unexplored osteoporosis candidate gene.DesignIn the present study we analysed two polymorphisms in the IL6R promoter, −1435 C/T (rs3887104) and −208 G/A (rs4845617), and the Asp358Ala polymorphism (rs8192284), in relation to both BMD and BMI in a cohort of 559 postmenopausal Spanish women.ResultsThe promoter polymorphisms, −1435 C/T and −208 G/A were associated with femoral neck (FN) BMD (P=0.011 and P=0.025 respectively). The C-A and T-G promoter haplotypes were also associated with FN BMD. Additionally, the Asp358Ala variant was associated with lumbar spine BMD (P=0.038). Finally, the −208 G/A polymorphism and the C-G and C-A haplotypes were associated with BMI and obesity, where GG was the risk genotype (P=0.033 for BMI; P=0.010 for obesity).ConclusionThese data suggest that variants in the IL6R gene are not only involved in the determination of BMI but also relevant for the determination of BMD. The IL6R gene may belong to the growing list of genes known to be involved in both phenotypes.

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Circulating Irisin in Relation to Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-2373 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 98 (12) ◽

pp. 4899-4907 ◽

Cited By ~ 235

Author(s):

Kyung Hee Park ◽

Lesya Zaichenko ◽

Mary Brinkoetter ◽

Bindiya Thakkar ◽

Ayse Sahin-Efe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

Context: Irisin, a recently identified hormone, has been proposed to regulate energy homeostasis and obesity in mice. Whether irisin levels are associated with risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiometabolic variables, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in humans remains unknown. Objective: Our objective was to assess the associations between baseline serum irisin levels and MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD risk. Design, Setting, and Subjects: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional evaluation of baseline circulating levels of the novel hormone irisin and the established adipokine adiponectin with MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD risk in a sample of 151 subjects. Results: Baseline irisin levels were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than in subjects without MetS. Irisin was associated negatively with adiponectin (r = −0.4, P < .001) and positively with body mass index (r = 0.22, P = .008), systolic (r = 0.17, P = .04) and diastolic (r = 0.27, P = .001) blood pressure, fasting glucose (r = 0.25, P = .002), triglycerides (r = 0.25, P = .003), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.33, P < .001). After adjustment for potential confounders, including body mass index, subjects in the highest tertile of irisin levels were more likely to have MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 9.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.66–33.44), elevated fasting blood glucose (OR = 5.80, 95% CI = 1.72–19.60), high triglycerides (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.16–13.03), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.18–9.20). Irisin was independently associated with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and general Framingham risk profile in multiple linear regression analyses after adjustment for confounders. Adiponectin demonstrated the expected associations with outcomes. Conclusions: Irisin is associated with increased risk of MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD in humans, indicating either increased secretion by adipose/muscle tissue and/or a compensatory increase of irisin to overcome an underlying irisin resistance in these subjects.

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Impact of body mass index on levels of soluble interleukin-6 receptor in follicular fluid of women undergoing in-vitro fertilization

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.02.013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. e7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laurice Bou Nemer ◽

R. Ann Word ◽

Bruce R. Carr ◽

Orhan Bukulmez

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Body Mass ◽

Follicular Fluid ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Interleukin 6 Receptor

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Effects of a Non-Intensive Weight Management Program in Obese Children: Correlation between the Frequency of Clinic Visits and Changes of Body Mass Index and Features of the Metabolic Syndrome.

10.1210/endo-meetings.2010.part2.p15.p2-725 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. P2-725-P2-725

Author(s):

RA Kubicky ◽

C Dunne ◽

F De Luca

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Management ◽

Body Mass ◽

Management Program ◽

Weight Management Program ◽

Obese Children ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Clinic Visits

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Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Population of Selected Regions of the Czech Republic. Relation to Eating Habits and Smoking

Prague Medical Report ◽

10.14712/23362936.2015.18 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 206-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michala Vosátková ◽

J. Čeřovská ◽

H. Zamrazilová ◽

P. Hoskovcová ◽

M. Dvořáková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Body Mass ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Adult Population ◽

Total Sample ◽

Female Group ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is around 25% in Europe but its occurrence grows in both genders with increasing age and weight. Lifestyle factors may contribute to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and eating habits as well as length of sleep and smoking. Participants (519 women and 286 men aged 18–65 years) were chosen by random selection and questioned about their eating habits, sleep length and smoking. This information was combined with anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome. The female group was divided into two subgroups depending on climacteric stage (before and after menopause). Metabolic syndrome prevalence does not differ between regions in neither female (29.9%) nor male (32.5%) group. Body mass index ≥25 was detected in 50.4% of all women and 65.7% of men; 23.5% of all women and 21.7% men had body mass index ≥30. In conclusion, metabolic syndrome prevalence was proved to depend on eating habits and family heredity. Positive correlation between the above mentioned factors demonstrated itself in the total sample but not in individual regions. Metabolic syndrome prevalence in Czech adults is comparable with neighbouring countries. No significant interregional differences in metabolic syndrome prevalence within the Czech Republic were detected. In conclusion, relationship between eating habits and metabolic syndrome was confirmed.

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