Studies of worldwide secular trends in the solar daily geomagnetic variation

AbstractWe need a typical method of directly measuring geomagnetically induced current (GIC) to compare data for estimating a potential risk of power grids caused by GIC. Here, we overview GIC measurement systems that have appeared in published papers, note necessary requirements, report on our equipment, and show several examples of our measurements in substations around Tokyo, Japan. Although they are located at middle latitudes, GICs associated with various geomagnetic disturbances are observed, such as storm sudden commencements (SSCs) or sudden impulses (SIs) caused by interplanetary shocks, geomagnetic storms including a storm caused by abrupt southward turning of strong interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) associated with a magnetic cloud, bay disturbances caused by high-latitude aurora activities, and geomagnetic variation caused by a solar flare called the solar flare effect (SFE). All these results suggest that GIC at middle latitudes is sensitive to the magnetospheric current (the magnetopause current, the ring current, and the field-aligned current) and also the ionospheric current.

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Secular trends in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis at a referral center (2007–2018)

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1007/s10096-020-04117-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Escolà-Vergé ◽

Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo ◽

María Nieves Larrosa ◽

Ruben Fernandez-Galera ◽

Benito Almirante

Keyword(s):

Infective Endocarditis ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Secular Trends ◽

Referral Center

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Secular trends of population attributable risk of overweight and obesity for hypertension among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2011

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85794-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jian Gou ◽

Huiying Wu

Keyword(s):

Population Attributable Risk ◽

Attributable Risk ◽

Secular Trends ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Intervention Effect ◽

Obesity Epidemic ◽

The Past ◽

Increasing Trend

AbstractWe determined if the increasing trend in hypertension can be partly attributed to increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in China over the past two decades. Data were collected from 1991 to 2011 and the population attributable risk (PAR), which is used to estimate the intervention effect on hypertension if overweight/obese, were eliminated. Linear regression was used to evaluate the secular trends. The age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity increased by 26.32% with an overall slope of 1.27% (95% CI: 1.12–1.43%) per year. Hypertension also increased by 12.37% with an overall slope of 0.65% (95% CI: 0.51–0.79%) per year. The adjusted ORs of overweight/obesity for hypertension across the survey years remained unchanged; however, the trend in PAR increased steadily from 27.1 to 44.6% with an overall slope of 0.81% (95% CI: 0.34–1.28%) per year (P = 0.006). There was no significant gender difference in the slopes of increasing PAR, as measured by regression coefficients (β = 0.95% vs. β = 0.63% per year, P = 0.36). Over the past two decades, the increase in the prevalence of hypertension in China was partly attributed to the overweight/obesity epidemic, which highlights the importance of controlling weight and further reducing the burden of hypertension.

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