A preliminary study investigating the survival of tetracycline resistant Enterococcus faecalis after root canal irrigation with high concentrations of tetracycline

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rossi-Fedele ◽  
A. P. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
High Concentrations

The Evaluation of Anti-Microbial-Effect to Enterococcus Faecalis by Hypochlorous Acid Water

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yoshishige Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigant

Periapical periodontitis is a major disease, and difficult to achieve successful treatment in some cases. Therefore, root canal irrigation is one of the most important processes to successful endodontic treatment. Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution is the most commonly used root canal irrigate. However using NaOCl solution on endodontic treatment should be considered its problems such as allergy, serious tissue damage when inadvertently injected into the maxillary sinus or oral mucosa. Therefore, another root canal irrigant that is safe and has a high antimicrobial effect is desirable. In this study, Hypochlorous Acid (HClO) water was used to evaluate the microbicidal efficacy of the Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and considered the possibility to be a future root canal irrigant candidate. Original (200ppm), 10% diluted (20ppm), 25% diluted (50ppm) and 50% diluted (100ppm) HClO water were used in this study. Each experimental solution was mixed with low concentrations (5×107 CFU/ml) or high concentration (5×109 CFU/ml) of E. faecalis at 30 seconds, 1minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes respectively. Then they were placed onto BHI agar plates and incubated for 48 h at 37 ºC, followed by counting the number of Colony formation. The results showed that in the condition of 5×107 CFU/ml E.faecalis, no colony formation was shown within 30 seconds by 50 % diluted HClO water. Whereas only original water was attained to inhibit colony formation completely within 30 seconds under the density of 5×109 CFU/ml E, faecalis. In conclusion, 200ppm HClO water has a capacity to anti-microbiological effect against E.faecalis same as NaOCl solution. Keywords: root canal irrigant, hypochlorous acid (HClO) water, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis)

scholarly journals Efficacy of green tea leaf extract (Camellia sinensis) with NaOCl 2.5% againts Enterococcus faecalis as an alternative solution for root canal irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Aries Chandra Trilaksana ◽  
Adeliana Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Tea Leaf ◽  
Bacterial Effect

<p><em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> is a coccal Gram-positive bacteria with facultative anaerob feature. NaOCl have been proven effective againts<em> Enterococcus faecalis</em> for root canal irrigation process. Green tea leaf extract (<em>Camellia sinensis</em>) can be chosen as an alternative solution for root canal irrigation. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference of green tea leaf extract (<em>Camellia sinensis</em>) and NaOCl 2.5% efficacy againts the growth of <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> bacteria. This is a laboratory experimental study with “post test only group” design. The first step of the trial was done by making green tea leaf extract and then determine the lowest concentration on which the first solution become clear. The concentration that were tested are 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% and 5.5%. Based on the trial, it was found that the minimal inhibiton concentration of the green tea leaf extract was 1.5%. The anti-bacterial effect testing method was using diffusion method to differenciate inhibition zone of the green tea leaf extract solution on various concentrations that were being tested and compare it with NaOCl 2.5%. Each group was replicated three times. The obtained data was analyzed with One Way Anova test and the continued with LSD test. The result of the study is that NaOCl 2.5% have superior anti-bacterial effect againts <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> compared to green tea leaf extract.</p>

scholarly journals Efficacy of green tea leaf extract (camellia sinensis) with NaOCl 2.5% againts enterococcus faecalis as an alternative solution for root canal irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Aries C. Trilaksana ◽  
Adeliana Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Tea Leaf ◽  
Bacterial Effect

Enterococcus faecalis is a coccal Gram-positive bacteria with facultative anaerob feature. NaOCl have been proven effective againts Enterococcus faecalis for root canal irrigation process. Green tea leaf extract (Camellia sinensis) can be chosen as an alternative solution for root canal irrigation. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference of green tea leaf extract (Camellia sinensis) and NaOCl 2.5% efficacy againts the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. This is a laboratory experimental study with “post test only group” design. The first step of the trial was done by making green tea leaf extract and then determine the lowest concentration on which the first solution become clear. The concentration that were tested are 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% and 5.5%. Based on the trial, it was found that the minimal inhibiton concentration of the green tea leaf extract was 1.5%. The anti-bacterial effect testing method was using diffusion method to differenciate inhibition zone of the green tea leaf extract solution on various concentrations that were being tested and compare it with NaOCl 2.5%. Each group was replicated three times. The obtained data was analyzed with One Way Anova test and the continued with LSD test. The result of the study is that NaOCl 2.5% have superior anti-bacterial effect againts Enterococcus faecalis compared to green tea leaf extract.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF LERAK FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT (Sapindus rarak DC) AND 2% CHLORHEXIDINE IN Enterococcus faecalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (Volume 1 No 2) ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Ratih Widyasari ◽  
Irfan Fathon ◽  
Rudi Satria Darwis ◽  
Hartanto Endrowahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

The failure of a root canal treatment can be caused by the facultative anaerobic bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, which should be eliminated throughout root canal irrigation. Chlorhexidine 2% is a popular antibacterial liquid used in root canal irrigation. Natural substances can also be used to make antibacterial irrigation liquids. One natural substance with antibacterial properties is lerak fruit extract (Sapindus rarak DC), containing 28 per cent of saponins, alkaloid compounds, polyphenols, antioxidant chemicals, and flavonoid groups and tannins. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of 25% lerak fruit extract (Sapindus rarak DC) against E. faecalis compared to 2% Chlorhexidine. This study is a pure experimental study using the agar diffusion method against three experimental groups chlorhexidine 2% as a positive control, lerak fruit extract (Sapindus rarak DC) as a treatment group, and aquadest as a negative control. Each group was repeated ten times on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) media which was applied using a paper disc. Then the diameter of the inhibition zone was calculated using a caliper. The results in this study, 25% lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) fruit extract had an average inhibition zone diameter of 11.775 mm, and an average inhibition zone diameter of 2% chlorhexidine was 19.745 mm. The difference in the diameter of the inhibition zone was significantly different in all groups. Conclusion ethanol extract of lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak DC) 25% can inhibit the growth of E. faecalis and can be used as an alternative to other antimicrobial agents as disinfection of root canal irrigation.

scholarly journals Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi linn) terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (Antibacterial Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi linn Leaf Extract against Enterococcus Faecalis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ranggi Hardian Nugro Astuti ◽  
Karlina Samadi ◽  
Eric Priyo Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation

Background. The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis bacterial infection caused the failure of root canal treatment between 24%-77%. This is due to various factors resistance and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. This research to find alternative materials that have antibacterial properties and by utilizing natural ingredients that can later be used as a root canal irrigation. Antibacterial activity of the Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria can be determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract that has antibacterial activity against bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This research is a labolatory experimental with post test only control group design which use diluted Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 according Mc. Farland standard 1,5 x 108 CFU/ml. With treatment Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract on concentration 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, and 25% given to each of 0,05 ml  Enterococcus faecalis and using Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) as planting media. Result. At the concentration 30% of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract, showed that colony’s growth less than 10%. At the concentration 35% was not revealed any bacterial growth. Conclusion. The Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract has antibacterial effect on bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. The MIC was at 30% and MBC was at 35%.

scholarly journals Efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle Linn)terhadap bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (Antibacterial effectiveness of betel leaf extract (Piper Betle Linn) to Enterococcus faecalis)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Armianty Armianty ◽  
Indrya Kirana Mattulada
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation

Enterococcus faecalis is one of bacteria which have resistance against the pulp tissue defense mechanism and oftenfound in endodontic infections. This bacterial is may hold good colonization, can survive in the root canal withoutother bacteria, and is capable of producing toxins directly or through the induction of inflammation. Betel leaf (Piperbetle Linn)contain essential oils, as the main components of the essential oils are phenols and compounds, amongother derivate such as kavikol compound that has bactericidal five times stronger than phenol. Phenol disrupts threedimensional structure of the bacterial protein to be a random structure and denatured protein, and damages biologicalactivity. Chlorhexidine has been shown to be effective against Enterococcus in the root canal irrigation. Betel leaf canbe chosen as an alternative material root canal irrigation saline. This in vitro experimental laboratory study is aimedto determine the effectiveness of anti-bacterial extracts of betel leaf for E.faecalis bacteria. The minimum inhibitoryconcentration of betel leaf extract is determined by observing the lowest concentration that was first seen clearly,namely 20%. The assay method of these anti-bacterial effect used diffusion method to comparing the inhibition zonebetel leaf extract solution in concentration of 20% be compared 0.2% chlorhexidine, 2% chlorhexidine, and distilledwater. Each group performed eight times repetition respectively. Data analysis used one way anova test followed byLSD test. From this research, it was concluded that 2% chlorhexidine has antibacterial effect for E.faecalis better thanbetel leaf extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Novel Root Canal Irrigation Techniques on Reduction of Enterococcus faecalis Count: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379-1383
Author(s):  
Sabari Murugesan ◽  
N Bharath Naga Reddy ◽  
Buggaveeti Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Purushotham Mohankumar ◽  
Arasappan Rajakumaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Zingiber officinale roscoe extract as a potential root canal irrigation solution against Enterococcus faecalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Rodiyah Azhar ◽  
Elin Julianti ◽  
Setiawan Natasasmita ◽  
Hendra Dian Adhita Dharsono
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Irrigation Solution

Introduction: This study was aimed to determine and formulate antibacterial activity of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe (Z. officinale) extract against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as a potential irrigating solution which is easily available and cost-effective. Methods:  Extract of Z. officinale Roscoe was yielded through soxhlet technique. Samples divided into two groups, i.e., the extract of Z. officinale Roscoe and chlorhexidine 2% as a control. The antimicrobial activity was observed using the diffuse agar method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial microdilution method, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by cultured samples in blood agar. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe has antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis with the MBC of 15.625 mg/mL. (p<0,05). Conclusion: Extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe have shown antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and can be further developed as a potential root canal irrigation solution.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming in root canal models with different diameters or tapers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wen ◽  
Yuanyuan Kong ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Ya Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Atp Assay ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Average Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Average Fluorescence

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare the use of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and conventional needle irrigation (CNI) in conjunction with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to remove Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) suspended bacteria and biofilms from root canal systems with different diameters or tapers. Methods Artificial root canal samples (n = 480) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 160/group). The canals were prepared to fit file sizes #10/.02, #25/.02, or #25/.06. The size #10/.02 group was incubated for seven days. The size #25/.02 or #25/.06 group was incubated for 2 days. A stable biological model of E. faecalis infection was established. The root canals were washed with distilled water or with 1%, 2%, or 5.25% NaOCl combined with CNI or PIPS. Bacterial suspensions and biofilms were assessed using an ATP assay kit and fluorescence microscopy. Image-Pro Plus was used to analyse the average fluorescence intensity to determine the most suitable root canal irrigation solution. Results In the CNI and PIPS groups, the ATP value of the 5.25% NaOCl subgroup was the lowest, followed by that of the 2% and 1% NaOCl subgroups. The ATP value of the distilled water subgroup was the highest (P < 0.05). When the root canal taper was 0.02, the ATP value of the #10/.02 + PIPS group was significantly lower than that of the #25/.02 + CNI group (P < 0.05). The average fluorescence intensity of the #10/.02 + PIPS group was lower than that of the #25/.02 + CNI group (P < 0.05). When the apical diameter was #25, the ATP value of the 0.02 taper in the PIPS group was lower than that of the 0.06 taper in the CNI group (P < 0.05), and the average fluorescence intensity of the 0.02 taper + PIPS group was lower than that of the 0.06 taper + CNI group (P < 0.05). PIPS combined with 2% and 5.25% NaOCl effectively improved the long-term antibacterial effect after irrigation and re-culture for 6 h. Conclusions Compared with CNI, PIPS has greater ability to remove bacteria in root canals with a small preparation diameter and a small taper. PIPS with 2% and 5.25% NaOCl exhibited superior antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects.

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