One versus two visits of endodontic treatment on teeth with apical periodontitis

The microbiological purpose of teeth endodontic treatment with apical periodontitis is to reduce microbes in order to achieve periradicular tissue healing and to prevent microbes recolonized. These are obtained by antimicrobial measures, including chemo-mechanical procedures and intra-canal medication, with root canal obturation steps. One of the problems in endodontic is the planning consideration to give treatment with one or two visits. Performing intra-appointment medication is an absolute measure to promote disinfection and successful treatment. Another purpose of this paper is to provide a reference about one or two visit of endodontic treatment decision making for dental professionals. Root canal system on teeth with apical periodontitis treated in two visits endodontic and calcium hydroxide as the intra-appointment medication achieved better microbiological status than the one treated in one visit endodontic.

Save the pulp! Essential issues on pulp capping

<p>Vitality of the pulp is a major key for the tooth to physiologically functioning in the mouth. Exposed pulp can be saved by pulp capping treatment diminishing the need for more complicated treatment such as root canal treatment or extraction. To induce tissue repair essentials factors must be considered namely proper case selection, method, material, adequate isolation and techniques. This literature review will discuss relevant issues and matters on pulp capping treatment based on evidence and findings from previous studies to achieve more predictable outcome of pulp capping treatment.</p>

The development of osteoporosis detective analysis method in trabecular condilus of menopause women using panoramic radiograph

Osteoporosis incidence in Indonesia increase each year, 1 of 3 menopause women suspected have osteoporosis, then earlier detection is needed. Factors that influence the successful analysis is the choice of region of interset (ROI) and extract feature method. The purpose of this research is to determine the best method to define the bone quality based on trabecular of condylus analysis. Data were obtained from Dentistry Hospital, Padjadjaran University Bandung. Research were conducted cross-section to 79 samples which measured in dual energy X-ray absorbsimetry (DEXA) as a base standard then taken its panoramic radiograph. Trabecular analysis was conducted in ROI of condylus using panoramic radiograph then cursor was clicked in cortical endorsal following the condylus head shape. To reduce the noise, we conducted pre-processing by compensational method, it is a finding of the lowest means of variant number around condylus as a reduce factor then affect the radiograph of condylus become darker. Background sets in zero (0) meanwhile trabecular stay at gray scale. Feature extraction applied 3 analytical methods, they are: gray level co accurance matrix (GLCM), histogram and fraction. Statistical analysis shows T-score DEXA correlation with 3 methods, proofed that fraction method performed the best correlation which r value is 0.377and GLCM (contrast r=0.233, correlation =0.342, energy -0.147, homogenity= r =-0.107), meanwhile histogram (max histogram r=0.253, range histogram r=0.06). As a conclusion, fraction method with ROI of condylus head shape is the best method to determine osteoporosis in post menopause women.

Test Antimicrobial of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Ethanol Extract againts Porphyromonasgingivalis and Streptococcus sanguis using Agar Method (In Vitro study)

<p>The use of natural materials in the world of health tends to increase every single year, including in dentistry. Due to the increased of resistance to antibiotics, the development and new innovations to obtain a new antimicrobial agent. Some potential sources of plants have been studied. One of the natural plants is used as drinks, food, medicine and antimicrobial agent is <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa </em><em>Linn</em> commonly known as Roselle. Several major Gram-negative bacteria are related to periodontal disease such as <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em><em> </em>(<em>P.gingivalis</em>), The dominant species of Gram-positive including <em>Streptococcus sanguis</em><em> </em>(<em>S.sanguis</em>). The purpose of this <em>in vitro</em> study is to evaluate the Roselle ethanol extract against <em>P.gingivalis </em>bacteria (Gram negative bacteria) and <em>S. sanguis</em> (Gram positive bacteria) with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The <em>in vitro </em>study of antibacterial effectiveness of Roselle (<em>H</em><em>ibiscus sabdariffa </em>L.) ethanol extract on <em>P.gingivalis</em> and <em>S. sanguis</em>. Natrium Agar (NA) solution was poured into a glass plate which had previously been sterilized and then left in place until the medium solidified. <em>P.gingivalis</em> and <em>S.sanguis</em> bacterial cultures were inoculated with inscribed which had solidified. Then put paper disk which had previously been saturated with Roselle extract samples with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, and the negative control at the surface of the medium (Ampicillin) and incubated for 1 day. Clear zone is formed then observed and measured. There are 24 samples, consisting of 12 samples <em>P.gingivalis</em> and <em>S.sanguis</em> 12 samples, given intervention roselle flower extract with four types of concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory consentration (MIC). The observations show that the extensive zone of inhibition concentration of 2.5% a broad zone of inhibition is the smallest among other concentration, both of <em>S.sanguins </em><em>and </em><em>P.gingivalis</em>. Meanwhile, the average increases the broad zones of inhibition of <em>P.gingivalis </em>followed by increasing concentrations of roselle flower extract, making it the largest broad zones of inhibition are shown at a concentration of 10%, However, the bacteria <em>S.sanguins</em>, shows that vast zone of greatest inhibition was found at a concentration of 7.5%. The results of this research showed that the ethanol extract of roselle effectively inhibits <em>P. gingivalis</em> as Gram-positive bacteria atconcentrations of 10% and <em>S. </em><em>s</em><em>anguins</em> at a concentration of 7.5%. Iit can be concluded that the ethanol extract of roselle flowers effective at inhibiting Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.</p><p> </p>

Effect of haruan (Channa striata) extract on fibroblast cells count in wound healing

Haruan is Kalimantan’s indigenous fish which has the potency to accelerate wound healing. Haruan extract has substantial properties such as albumin, Zn, Cu, and Fe to accelerate wound healing. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of haruan extract on wistar rat’s buccal mucosa wound healing on day 3, 5, and 7 histopathologically. This study was experimental with post-test with control group design. Samples were consisted of 4 treatment groups, 25%, 50%, 100% haruan extract treatment groups and negative control treated with<em> aquadest</em> for 7 days. Mean fibroblast cells count reached its peak on day 7. Mean fibroblast cells count in each group was 26.995; 40.500; 49.165; 24.495 respectively. Two way ANOVA and Post Hoc Least Significant Difference tests indicated there was a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between haruan extract treatment group and negative control. In conclusion, haruan extract treatment significantly increase fibroblast cells count in wound healing process.

The difference of anti-inflammatory effect of brown algae extract Padina sp. and sargassum sp that is derived from punaga beach, South Sulawesi

<p>Seaweed is one of resourceful plants in Indonesia. Some researchers suggested that brown seaweed has a potential to be an anti-inflammatory agent because it contains polysaccharide sulfate, PUFA, and fuchosantin. Punaga Village that is located in South Sulawesi is an area where most people work as seaweed farmer and cultivation of seaweed. This is why researcher found it interest to use natural sources as an alternative of herbal medicine especially as an anti-inflammatory. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference of anti-inflammatory effect of brown algae extract <em>Padina sp. </em>and <em>Sargassum sp</em>. that is derived from Punaga Beach, South Sulawesi toward mice. Twenty male mice were used as sample in this study weighing 14-35 g and divided into four groups. Thirty minutes after injection of test material, 0.5 ml pepton 1% is injected into mice leg. The assessment of mice leg use plethysmometer that is taken on the first hour until fourth hour after injection of pepton 1%. Data analysis use T-test to find out the difference of anti-inflamatory effect of brown algae extract <em>Padina sp</em>. and <em>Sargassum sp</em>. The result of this study showed that brown algae extract <em>Padina sp</em> has p&lt;0.05 and brown algae extract <em>Sargassum sp</em>. has p&lt; 0.05 which means that there are anti-inflammatory effect found in both test materials. It is found that brown algae extract <em>Padina sp.</em> has longer anti inflammatory effect half time than in brown algae extract <em>Sargassum sp.</em><strong></strong></p>

An overview of oral mucosa condition of shisha smoker

Shisha is a water pipe that tobacco extract and fruit scented burnt using coal. It produces the smoke through the vessel and inhaled using a hose with good taste. The culture of shisha smoking is popular in Midle East country that curently has been also entering Indonesia. The side effect of shisha smoking habit is still very rare reported. Aim of this study is to describe the oral mucosa condition of shisha user. A preliminary observasional study was conducted at several sisha cafe at South Jakarta. Under informed consent, subject with habit of tobacco and shisha smoker were included. Sociodemographic data (age, gender, duration, frequency of smoking), salivary flow rate and oral mucosa changes were documented. Eighteen subjects were recruited into this study. Most of shisha smoker was also tobacco smoker. Shisha was more practiced by male at age (15-24 years old). The oral mucosa changes such as keratosis, melanosis, leukoedema, coated tongue, gingivitis and xerostomia were found on subject with habit of tobacco smoking habit only or both shisha and tobacco smoking. In conclusion apparently the shisha smoking habit may casue oral mucosa changes almost the same with tobacco smoking habit

Measuring sodium alginate content of brown algae species Padina sp. As the basic matter for making dental impression material (Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material)

<p>One of the most important procedures in denture fabrication and orthodontic treatment is molding the patient’s detail oral cavity to determine the treatment planning. This procedure was done by using alginate impression material or irreversible hydrocolloid in which the basic material is sodium alginate imported from abroad because it is extracted from brown algae which its habitat is not in Indonesia so that it is causes the impression material is relatively expensive roomates is impact to high cost of dental treatment. Indonesia as the archipelago country has availability of abundant brown algae <em>Padina sp.</em> Especially in Puntondo-Punaga seashore, South Sulawesi, but it has not Cultivate yet by the local society because it is never discovered by alginate industry so it is just grow wild and its potency is useless. This experiment identified the purposes of how much sodium alginate is produced from <em>Padina Sp.</em> Extraction as the basic matter of irreversible hydrocolloid. The design of this study is experimental design with one shot case study method. In early stage research, extraction of alginate in the form of sodium alginate. After that, they are weighted by using analytical weight in milligrams (mg) unit. Then, it is compare with the standard sodium alginate to observe the similarity of molecules by using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) device. Data were Analyzed using mean differences. Based on <em>Padina extracted,</em> produced 12.86 g of sodium alginate content or 28.4% from the cleaning algae was used roomates total weight is 45 g. Based on FTIR test, showed that sodium alginate is extracted similar to the standard sodium alginate with the found of hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, ether group and the which is the composer of sodium alginate. In conclusion, from both of infra red spectrum pattern, it was observed unsignificant difference. Extracted sodium alginate <em>Padina</em> is same with the standard sodium alginate and it has 12.86 g content. </p>

Hemiglosectomy with selective neck dissection in squamous cell carcinoma at tongue

<p>Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is common is a malignant neoplasma originated from epithelial cells. It is usually involving the oral mucosa and underlying tissue of the tongue, hypopharynx, and also larynx. This report discussed about the management of SCC at tongue with hemiglosectomy and selective neck dissection managed in a male, 57 years old who referred with chief complaints of a mass on the tongue measuring 0.5cm that did not heal, Incision biopsy result confirms a squamous cell carcinoma with well differentiated on his tongue with enlarged lymph nodes level I ipsilateral. The patient was hospitalized and hemiglosectomy surgery with selective neck dissection was conducted, with the entire edge of the excision boundary has been free of tumor mass. Hemiglosectomy with selective neck dissection is selected depending on the size of the lesion, location of lesion and metastases occurrence.</p>

Inorganic component of saliva during fasting and after fast break

<p>Oral health is closely related to salivary components. Saliva consists of water, inorganic and organic materials. Fasting changes one’s meal and drinking time that in turn can affect the environment in oral cavity, including inorganic componenet of saliva. The purpose of this study is to determine the inorganic component of saliva during fasting and after fast break. The study is an observational analytic (longitudinal/follow-up study) conducted in Hasanuddin University dental hospital in July 2015. The sampling method is purposive sampling with the entire population of Dental Public Health section students, who are 35 people with 16 research subjects who fullfill the criteria of the study. Samples were tested in the laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in part per million (ppm) units. The data is analysed by paired t-test with SPSS version 17.0. The result shows that concentration of inorganic components (calcium, phosphate and potassium) in the saliva decreased significantly after fast break (p&lt;0.05). Sodium shows decreased insignificantly after fast break (p=0.190) and magnesium increased insignificantly after break fasting (p=0.615). The concentration of calcium, phosphate, potassium except sodium decreased significantly after fast break, whereas the concentrations of magnesium were not significantly increased after fast break.</p>