Antifungal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Chitinase and Its Potential for the Biocontrol of Phytopathogenic Fungi in Soybean Seeds

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. M131-M134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Reyes-ramírez ◽  
B.I. Escudero-Abarca ◽  
G. Aguilar-Uscanga ◽  
P.M. Hayward-Jones ◽  
J. Eleazar Barboza-Corona
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soybean Seeds

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Selected IndigenousPseudomonasandBacillusfrom the Soybean Rhizosphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. León ◽  
P. M. Yaryura ◽  
M. S. Montecchia ◽  
A. I. Hernández ◽  
O. S. Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Protected Plants ◽  
Soybean Plants

The purpose of this study was to isolate and select indigenous soilPseudomonasandBacillusbacteria capable of developing multiple mechanisms of action related to the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi affecting soybean crops. The screening procedure consisted of antagonism tests against a panel of phytopathogenic fungi, taxonomic identification, detection by PCR of several genes related to antifungal activity, in vitro detection of the antifungal products, and root colonization assays. Two isolates, identified and designated asPseudomonas fluorescensBNM296 andBacillus amyloliquefaciensBNM340, were selected for further studies. These isolates protected plants against the damping-off caused byPythium ultimumand were able to increase the seedling emergence rate after inoculation of soybean seeds with each bacterium. Also, the shoot nitrogen content was higher in plants when seeds were inoculated with BNM296. The polyphasic approach of this work allowed us to select two indigenous bacterial strains that promoted the early development of soybean plants.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Chemical Constituents from Piper pesaresanum C. DC. and Derivatives against Phytopathogen Fungi of Cocoa

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Luis C. Chitiva-Chitiva ◽  
Cristóbal Ladino-Vargas ◽  
Luis E. Cuca-Suárez ◽  
Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez ◽  
Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
First Time

In this study, the antifungal potential of chemical constituents from Piper pesaresanum and some synthesized derivatives was determined against three phytopathogenic fungi associated with the cocoa crop. The methodology included the phytochemical study on the aerial part of P. pesaresanum, the synthesis of some derivatives and the evaluation of the antifungal activity against the fungi Moniliophthora roreri, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora sp. The chemical study allowed the isolation of three benzoic acid derivatives (1–3), one dihydrochalcone (4) and a mixture of sterols (5–7). Seven derivatives (8–14) were synthesized from the main constituents, of which compounds 9, 10, 12 and 14 are reported for the first time. Benzoic acid derivatives showed strong antifungal activity against M. roreri, of which 11 (3.0 ± 0.8 µM) was the most active compound with an IC50 lower compared with positive control Mancozeb® (4.9 ± 0.4 µM). Dihydrochalcones and acid derivatives were active against F. solani and Phytophthora sp., of which 3 (32.5 ± 3.3 µM) and 4 (26.7 ± 5.3 µM) were the most active compounds, respectively. The preliminary structure–activity relationship allowed us to establish that prenylated chains and the carboxyl group are important in the antifungal activity of benzoic acid derivatives. Likewise, a positive influence of the carbonyl group on the antifungal activity for dihydrochalcones was deduced.

scholarly journals Protective Antifungal Activity of Plantago major Extract Against the Phytopathogenic Fungi Phytophthora cinnamomi, Diplodia corticola and Colletotrichum Species

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Cláudia Ferreira ◽  
Rui Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Plantago Major

Synthetic fungicides for crops protection raise environmental and human concerns due to accumulation in edible vegetables, showing significant toxicity to humans, and in soil, groundwater and rivers, affecting ecological balance. In addition, they are prone to the development of resistant strains because of the single target-based mechanism of action. Plant extracts provide attractive alternatives, as they constitute a rich source of biodegradable secondary metabolites, such as phenols, flavonoids and saponins, which have multiple modes of antifungal action and a lower probability of the development of resistant fungi. This work has the objective of identifying plant extracts with antifungal activity, aiming to contribute to food safety and sustainable agricultural practices. We selected a saponin-containing plant, Plantago major, and extracted secondary metabolites with 50% (v/v) ethanol, dried by evaporation, and dissolved in water. For antifungal activity, the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum godetiae, Colletotrichum nymphaeae, Diplodia corticola and Phytophthora cinnamomi were selected because they affect fruits and vegetables, such as strawberry, almond, apple, avocado, blueberry and chestnut trees. The aqueous extract was incorporated into PDA medium at different concentrations and mycelial discs were placed in the center of each Petri dish. Growth was measured as the radial mycelial growth at 3, 6, and 9 days incubation at 25 °C in the dark. The maximum growth inhibition (32.2%) was obtained against P. cinnamomi with 2000 µg/mL extract followed by C. gloeosporioides (25.7%) on the sixth day and by C. godetiae and C. nymphaeae (21.1%) on the ninth day. Results show that P. major presents antifungal activity in all phytopathogenic fungi tested and the extract can be used to protect important crops, by inhibiting the development of fungal infections and promoting food security and a sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Activity of Alkanediol Alkanoates against Pathogenic Plant Fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraj Shukla ◽  
Suresh Walia ◽  
Vivek Ahluwalia ◽  
Balraj S. Parmar ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acyl Chlorides ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Dose Dependent

Thirty known dialkanoates of ethylene, propylene and diethylene glycols were synthesized by reacting the glycols with acyl chlorides and their structures confirmed by IR, NMR and mass spectral analyses. They exhibited significant antifungal activity against two phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc in a dose dependent manner. Propylene glycol dipentanoate was the most active against R. solani. followed by diethylene glycol dibutanoate and ethylene glycol dibutanoate. Against S. rolfsii ethylene glycol diheptanoate was found to be most active followed by diethylene glycol diisobutanoate As compared to the standard reference benomyl (EC50 5.16 μg/mL), the potential alkanediol dialkanoates showed EC50 in the range of 33 – 60 μg/mL.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Sanguinarine and Chelerythrine Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Molecules ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 13026-13035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Juan Yang ◽  
Fang Miao ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Fang-Jun Cao ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Sanguinarine And Chelerythrine ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Purification and characterization of an exochitinase from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and its action against phytopathogenic fungi

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Morales de la Vega ◽  
J Eleazar Barboza-Corona ◽  
Maria G Aguilar-Uscanga ◽  
Mario Ramírez-Lepe
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Chitinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Fusarium Sp

A chitinolytic enzyme from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai has been purified and its molecular mass was estimated ca. 66 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). The enzyme was able to hydrolyze chitin to chitobiosides but not carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, pullulan, and laminarin. Optimal pH and temperature were detected at 6 and 50 °C, respectively. Stability, in the absence of substrate, was observed at temperatures less than 60 °C and pH between 5 and 8. Enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by K+ and EDTA and completely inhibited by Hg2+. Purified chitinase showed lytic activity against cell walls from six phytopathogenic fungi and inhibited the mycelial growth of both Fusarium sp. and Sclerotium rolfsii. The biocontrol efficacy of the enzyme was tested in the protection of bean seeds infested with six phytopathogenic fungi.Key words: chitinase, Bacillus thuringiensis, purification, phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Pyrrolnitrin Biosynthesis From Rhizospheric Serratia Spp. With Antifungal Activity and Binding Interactions of PrnF With Ligands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha P. Pawar ◽  
Ambalal B. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Protein Model ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Pyrrolnitrin (PRN) from rhizobacteria displays a key role in biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi in rhizospheric soil. Therefore, different rhizospheric soils were investigated for the prevalence of PRN producer in minimal salt (MS) medium containing tryptophan (0.2 M NaCl; pH 8) using three successive enrichments. Of 12% isolates, only five bacterial strains had shown PRN secretion, screened with Thin Layer Chromatography (Rf 0.8) and antifungal activity (27 mm) against phytopathogen. The phenetic and 16S rRNA sequence revealed the close affiliation of isolates (KMB, M-2, M-11, TW3, and TO2) to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (KY800458), Enterobacter spp. (KY800455), Brevibacillus parabrevis (KY800454), Serratia marcescens (KY800456) and Serratia nemtodiphila (KY800457). Purified compound from isolates was characterised using UV, IR, HPLC, LCMS and GCMS as PRN. However, BLASTn hit of prn gene sequences from both Serratia species showed 99% similarity with NADPH dependent FMN reductase component (prnF). The homology protein model of prnF was developed from translated sequence of S. marcescens TW3 with chromate reductase of Escherichia coli K-12. Docking with FMN and NADPH was performed. The study demonstrated the possible role of prnF NADPH dependent FMN reductases in prnD for supply of reduced flavin in rhizobacterial strain of Serratia spp. which may pave a way to understand PRN production.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometric Characterization of Aqueous Extracts of Acacia senegal and Acacia tortilis on Phytopathogenic Fungi

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Al-Otibi Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Acacia senegal (A. senegal) and Acacia tortilis (A. tortilis) against three phytopathogenic fungi (viz., Alternaria alternata [A. alternata], Helminthosporium rostratum [H. rostratum] and Fusarium solani [F. solani]). Methods: Crude aqueous extracts of A. senegal and A. tortilis at 1%, 2.5% and 5% concentrations were used for screening. Antifungal activities of the extracts were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungal strains (A. alternata, H. rostratum and F. solani) by poisoned food technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the treated and untreated mycelia was employed to analyze the ultrastructural changes and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry analysis was performed to identify important functional groups. Results: Aqueous extract of A. tortilis at high concentrations exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against the selected fungal strains. The aqueous extract of A. senegal showed no effect on A. alternata, while exhibited very mild activity against H. rostratum and F. solani at high concentrations (2.5% and 5%). Scanning electron microphotographs of the untreated fungal cells showed no structural changes (well‒defined mycelium and conidia without any distortion), whereas the treated cells showed structural distortions, twisted and wrecked mycelia and showed the presence of vesicles on the surface. FTIR analysis showed the presence of important functional groups such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that the aqueous extracts of both A. senegal and A. tortilis have the potential to be used as natural fungicidal agents in the management of diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi.

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