scholarly journals Whatever next? Export market choices of New Zealand firms*

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fabling ◽  
Arthur Grimes ◽  
Lynda Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Export Market

scholarly journals The Determinants of International Student Demand in New Zealand and the OECD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Logan Page
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
International Students ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
International Student ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
University Education ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Student Demand ◽  
The Impact

<p>Tertiary education, once a purely domestic affair, has become an increasingly globalised industry over previous decades. Whilst the international sector has grown to being New Zealand's fourth largest export market (Ministry of Education, 2016), there is a lack of credible research on the demand of international students.    This thesis aims to provide a greater understanding of the determinants of international student demand, both in New Zealand and internationally. I firstly provide a descriptive analysis of the trends in the international student market for New Zealand and 27 OECD countries. Secondly, I use a fixed-effects approach to analyse the demand of international students within New Zealand, using fees data at the course-by-university level. Thirdly, I then generalise this approach to the international market to provide an analysis of the demand for international students travelling to the OECD.    The findings from these analyses imply that the demand for international university education is relatively inelastic. The impact of a marginal increase in fees decreases the number of EFTS/students at a proportion of less than one. Furthermore, this effect is generally not statistically distinguishable from zero.</p>

scholarly journals A New Zealand Perspective on Hydrogen as an Export Commodity: Timing of Market Development and an Energy Assessment of Hydrogen Carriers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4876
Author(s):  
James T. Hinkley
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
New Energy

Hydrogen is currently receiving significant attention and investment as a key enabler of defossilised global energy systems. Many believe this will eventually result in the international trade of hydrogen as a commodity from countries with significant renewable energy resources, for example New Zealand and Australia, to net energy importing countries including Japan and Korea. Japan has, since 2014, been actively exploring the components of the necessary supply chains, including the assessment of different hydrogen carriers. Public/private partnerships have invested in demonstration projects to assess the comparative merits of liquid hydrogen, ammonia, and organic carriers. On the supply side, significant projects have been proposed in Australia while the impending closure of New Zealand’s Tiwai Point aluminium smelter at the end of 2024 may provide an opportunity for green hydrogen production. However, it is also evident that the transition to a hydrogen economy will take some years and confidence around the timing of supply and demand capacity is essential for new energy infrastructure investment. This paper reviews the expected development of an export market to Japan and concludes that large scale imports are unlikely before the late 2020s. Comparative evaluation of the energy efficiency of various hydrogen carriers concludes that it is too early to call a winner, but that ammonia has key advantages as a fungible commodity today, while liquid hydrogen has the potential to be a more efficient energy carrier. Ultimately it will be the delivered cost of hydrogen that will determine which carriers are used, and while energy efficiency is a key metric, there are other considerations such as infrastructure availability, and capital and operating costs.

scholarly journals Bumpiness problem and its remedy in Papaya (Carica Papaya)

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Anand P Tyagi ◽  
Bijendra Datt
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Good Food

Papaya (pawpaw) Carica papaya L. belongs to family Caricaceae. Papaya is a very good source of fruit sugar, vitamin A, B and C. This fruit is rich in minerals and salts and makes very good food. Fiji's climate is very suitable to grow papaya and Fijian grown papaya has a big export market. Main importing countries so far are New Zealand, Japan and Canada. Another potential country for exporting papaya from Fiji is Australia. However, strict quality control and high sanitary requirements must be met to export papaya to Australia. Papaya export has gone up in last few years but unfortunately there has been no export so far to Australia. Fruit's shape, size and smoothness are important determinant factors for export market. Misshapen fruits with bumps are not acceptable in overseas market. Similarly most importing countries prefer medium sized fruits. To get good quality papaya particularly fruits without bumps, it is necessary to apply Boron in soil. Results obtained in the present investigation showed that 5.0kg Boron (applied as borax pentahydrate) per hectare was very effective in reducing bumpiness to a very minimum thus improving the quality of fruits. Boron as such showed no effect on papaya yield per plant. Three cultivars tested for average fruit weight showed acceptable fruit weight for local and export market. However, Solo Sunrise was identified as the highest average fruit yielding cultivar (tons/hectare). Improvement in quality of papaya will open up new markets for export.

Risk Assessment Model for Human Infection with the Cestode Taenia saginata

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER B. van der LOGT ◽  
STEVE C. HATHAWAY ◽  
DAVID J. VOSE
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Infections

A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed to estimate the risk to human health of Taenia saginata in the New Zealand cattle population. A standardized monitoring program was established to determine the number of suspect cysts detected during postmortem inspection and the scenario set was applied to risks in both the domestic and export markets. The mean number of human infections per year as a result of consumption in the export and the domestic market was estimated as 0.50 and 1.10 respectively. Estimations for expression of specific clinical symptoms were even less. In a scenario set where postmortem inspection procedures for T. saginata were not applied, the mean number of human infections per year was estimated to increase from 0.50 to 0.61 in the export market and from 1.10 to 1.30 in the domestic market. Given that T. saginata infection in humans results in mild and readily treatable symptoms, these risk estimates are extremely low on any scale of food-borne disease and bring the value of specific postmortem inspection procedures for T. saginata in the New Zealand situation into question. The Monte Carlo model developed to calculate these probabilities is presented here in detail to illustrate the potential of Monte Carlo methods for modeling risk.

Australia and New Zealand rates may fall with exports

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Volatility ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
External Demand ◽  
Recent Falls

Significance Australia and New Zealand have seen monetary policy respond to recent falls in commodity prices, leading to questions about their economic prospects in a time of low external demand. Impacts Australia is New Zealand's biggest export market for manufactures, and an Australia recovery will boost that sector significantly. Chinese financial volatility may lead to greater investment in housing in Australia and New Zealand. This may prompt the countries to join Canada and the United Kingdom in joint anti-money laundering efforts.

scholarly journals Challenges for Calla Growers in the Unsubsidized New Zealand Export Market

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Clemens ◽  
Ewen A. Cameron ◽  
Richard C. Funt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Industry Organization ◽  
Production Problems ◽  
Funding Research ◽  
Extension Support

Calla (Zantedeschia Spreng.) growers were studied as members of an expanding sector in the New Zealand floricultural industry. The calla sector is characterized by diverse-size firms scattered throughout the two main islands of New Zealand. Growers differ in their skill and experience with calla production. Problems are both grower-specific (e.g., control of diseases, postharvest disorders) and sector-wide. Examples of the latter include the prioritizing and funding research, interacting with science organizations and planning sector marketing strategy. Both sets of problems have been exacerbated by the progressive withdrawal of research and extension support services traditionally provided by government agencies. There is competition between the floriculture industry and calla sector-based grower organizations. The leadership role of a strong grower organization, in this case the New Zealand Calla Council (NZCC), is seen as an essential forum for growers, and as the link between growers, exporter organizations, scientists and central government. Good communications between the industry organization and growers is essential to identify and prioritizeproblems and to transfer information to individual growers through workshops, newsletters and manuals. To maintain its effectiveness, the NZCC does not satisfy the needs of smaller growers at the expense of the larger, influential growers. Rather, it seeks to the benefit the latter by upgrading the skill level of the industry, and by undertaking tasks too large for any individual business.

scholarly journals A potential mating disruption system for three New Zealand leafroller species

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 398-398
Author(s):  
L.M. Cole ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
A.M. El-Sayed ◽  
P.L. Lo ◽  
N. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Pheromone Blend

A dispenser incorporating a pheromone blend to disrupt three species of New Zealand leafrollers was developed for their control in Otago summerfruit orchards This control system was evaluated for suppression of leafroller activity in Hawkes Bay apple and summerfruit orchards over 2 years In 20078 dispensers were applied at 6001000/ha in two large organic apple orchards and activity of all three species in pheromone traps was recorded Dispensers achieved only 738 and 61 shutdown of lightbrown apple moth pheromone traps in Orchards A and B respectively Dispensers were modified to increase disruption of this species and were evaluated in similar trials on the same orchards in 20089 and achieved 984 and 909 trap shutdown respectively The same dispenser was also evaluated on four summerfruit orchards where it was applied to 1 ha plots in January 2009 at 1000 dispensers/ha Pheromone trap catches of lightbrown apple moth were reduced by 833100 over the following 3 months Further assessment of this multiple species mating disruption system is required to determine its value in managing the fruit damage and larval infestation risks to meet export market tolerances

scholarly journals OPORTUNIDADES AGROINDUSTRIALES EN LA CUENCA DEL PACÍFICO

1997 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
William C. Bailey ◽  
◽  
Lidia V. Norina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Export Agriculture ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Compare the possibilities of New Zealand and Peru in export agriculture and agribusiness, in which both countries have great potential. He considers that, to remain competitive internationally, both countries must stop exporting raw materials and replace them with products with higher added value. It analyzes the situation and the expected evolution of four New Zealand export products: meat, milk and derivatives, venison and kiwi, and argues that the central aspect to take advantage of the challenges and opportunities in agribusiness is to never forget the importance of the consumer and the consumption patterns, as the importance given to products sensitive to the environment is growing. As possible strategies, mention is made of taking advantage of the comparative advantages offered by nature, developing products specifically destined for the export market, protecting natural resources while maintaining the international competitiveness of agribusiness.

scholarly journals The Biden Administration and New Zealand’s Strategic Options: Asymmetric Hedging, Tight Five Eyes, Alignment and Armed Neutrality

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Steff
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Small State ◽  
New Era ◽  
Hedging Strategies ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Strategic Options

New Zealand confronts a seemingly inescapable dilemma: its security interests link it to traditional partners – Australia and the US – while ties between these two and China, Wellington’s largest export market, are deteriorating. This article considers what this new era of competition means for New Zealand and assesses the risks, costs and benefits of three strategic options open to Wellington: (1) asymmetric hedge (the status quo), (2) tight Five Eyes alignments (hewing closer to traditional partners) and (3) armed neutrality (a bold proposition for greater self-reliance). It also addresses what the new Biden administration, which is portraying China to be a military and ideological threat to democracy and the international liberal rules-based order, means for New Zealand’s management of its ties between Washington and Beijing. Through its analysis, the article contributes to policy debates in New Zealand over its options and to the literature on small state alignments and hedging strategies.

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