Independent and Combined Effects of Soil Warming and Drought Stress During Anthesis on Seed Set and Grain Yield in Two Spring Wheat Varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Weldearegay ◽  
F. Yan ◽  
D. Jiang ◽  
F. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in Turkey

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Yuksel Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Plant Characteristics

Climate change scenarios reveal that Turkey’s wheat production area is under the combined effects of heat and drought stresses. The adverse effects of climate change have just begun to be experienced in Turkey’s spring and the winter wheat zones. However, climate change is likely to affect the winter wheat zone more severely. Fortunately, there is a fast, repeatable, reliable and relatively affordable way to predict climate change effects on winter wheat (e.g., testing winter wheat in the spring wheat zone). For this purpose, 36 wheat genotypes in total, consisting of 14 spring and 22 winter types, were tested under the field conditions of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, a representative of the spring wheat zone of Turkey, during the two cropping seasons (2017–2018 and 2019–2020). Simultaneous heat (>30 °C) and drought (<40 mm) stresses occurring in May and June during both growing seasons caused drastic losses in winter wheat grain yield and its components. Declines in plant characteristics of winter wheat genotypes, compared to those of spring wheat genotypes using as a control treatment, were determined as follows: 46.3% in grain yield, 23.7% in harvest index, 30.5% in grains per spike and 19.4% in thousand kernel weight, whereas an increase of 282.2% in spike sterility occurred. On the other hand, no substantial changes were observed in plant height (10 cm longer than that of spring wheat) and on days to heading (25 days more than that of spring wheat) of winter wheat genotypes. In general, taller winter wheat genotypes tended to lodge. Meanwhile, it became impossible to avoid the combined effects of heat and drought stresses during anthesis and grain filling periods because the time to heading of winter wheat genotypes could not be shortened significantly. In conclusion, our research findings showed that many winter wheat genotypes would not successfully adapt to climate change. It was determined that specific plant characteristics such as vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, long phenological duration (lack of earliness per se) and vulnerability to diseases prevailing in the spring wheat zone, made winter wheat difficult to adapt to climate change. The most important strategic step that can be taken to overcome these challenges is that Turkey’s wheat breeding program objectives should be harmonized with the climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Effects of Waterlogging, Drought and Their Combination on Yield and Water-Use Efficiency of Five Hungarian Winter Wheat Varieties

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Farkas ◽  
Emese Varga-László ◽  
Angéla Anda ◽  
Ottó Veisz ◽  
Balázs Varga
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The effects of simulated waterlogging, drought stress and their combination were examined in a model experiment in Martonvásár, Hungary, in 2018. Four modern winter wheat varieties (‘Mv Toborzó’ (TOB), ‘Mv Mambó’ (MAM), ‘Mv Karizma’ (KAR), ‘Mv Pálma’ (PAL)) and one old Hungarian winter wheat cultivar (‘Bánkúti 1201’ (BKT)) were tested. Apart from the control treatment (C), the plants were exposed to two different abiotic stresses. To simulate waterlogging (WL), plants were flooded at four leaf stage, while in the WL + D treatment, they were stressed both by waterlogging and by simulated drought stress at the early stage of plant development and at the heading stage, respectively. The waterlogging treatment resulted in a significant decrease in plant biomass (BKT, TOB), number of spikes (TOB), grain yield (BKT, TOB), water use (BTK) and water-use efficiency (TOB, MAM, PAL) compared to the controls. The combined treatment (WL + D) led to a significant decrease in plant height (BTK, MAM, KAR), number of spikes (BTK, TOB, MAM, KAR), thousand kernel weight (TOB), harvest index (BTK), biomass, grain yield, water-use efficiency (in all varieties) and water use (BKT, TOB, MAM, KAR) of the plants. The best water-use efficiency was observed for MAM; therefore, this genotype could be recommended for cultivation at stress prone areas. The varieties MAM, KAR and PAL also showed good adaptability.

scholarly journals Assessing the combined effects of climatic factors on spring wheat phenophase and grain yield in Inner Mongolia, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0185690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfang Zhao ◽  
Feiyu Pu ◽  
Yunpeng Li ◽  
Jingwen Xu ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Combined Effects

scholarly journals Weed suppression and yield of thirteen spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties grown in an organic system

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Jończyk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Competitive Abilities

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between morphological features, canopy parameters, weed infestation, and grain yield of spring wheat varieties. The study was conducted in the period 2011–2013, on fields managed organically at the Experimental Station of The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Osiny, Poland. Thirteen spring wheat varieties were sown in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Weed density and dry matter production were estimated as well biometric features of the wheat varieties at tillering (BBCH 22–24) and dough (BBCH 85–87) stages. The analyses of variance showed that the year had a stronger effect than varieties on the level of weed infestation. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that weed number was influenced by the height of wheat plants and their aboveground biomass at the tillering stage and additionally by number of tillers at the dough stage. A significant correlation (<em>r</em> = −0.328, siginfficant at <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) was shown between the number of weeds and wheat grain yield. Different morphological features and canopy parameters influenced the competitive abilities of the spring wheat varieties tested. A cluster analysis detected one set of varieties with the largest (‘Bombona’, ‘Brawura’, ‘Hewilla’, ‘Kandela’, ‘Katoda’, ‘Łagwa’, and ‘Żura’) and another with the smallest (‘Monsun’, ‘Ostka Smolicka’, and ‘Parabola’) competitive abilities against weeds. The main outcome of the research is information for farmers as to which varieties are highly competitive against weeds and also high yielding. Among the varieties with the highest competitiveness, <em>Triticum aestivum</em> ‘Żura’ was the highest yielder (3.82 t ha<sup>−1</sup> on average), whereas ‘Bombona’ yielded only at an average level (3.03 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). The suppressive ability of spring wheat varieties against weeds and yield potential should be both taken into account in the selection of varieties suitable for an organic farming system where weed control is absent.

Producer participatory spring wheat variety evaluation for organic systems in Minnesota and North Dakota

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Kandel ◽  
P.M. Porter ◽  
P.M. Carr ◽  
S.F. Zwinger
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Certified Organic

AbstractOrganic producers in Minnesota and North Dakota, USA, indicated that they wanted to participate in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL. emend. Thell) variety evaluations. The objectives were to determine if a farmer–researcher developed scoring system could be used to rank wheat varieties for yield potential when grown in certified organic fields, identify views of organic producers about on-farm research, and identify the educational impact of the participatory variety evaluation process. Hard red spring wheat varieties were compared for grain yield at six locations on certified organic farms in Minnesota and North Dakota over a three-year period. A scoring system was developed and then used to identify the relative rank of adapted varieties for yield. Producers were asked to rank all varieties on a scale from 1 to 9, where 1 is lowest yield potential and 9 is highest yield potential. Producers were able to distinguish higher producing varieties as a group in 2003 and 2004. ‘Oklee’ a high yielding variety was ranked lowest in 2005. There was a significant linear relationship between producer ranking and yield (P&lt;0.05) even though producers could not pick the highest yielding varieties consistently in the field. The producer survey showed that grain yield, protein content, wheat scab resistance, leaf disease resistance, early seedling vigor, test weight and canopy closure were traits producers valued most in a variety. Heading date, impact on succeeding crops, straw and stubble production were ranked lower. Multi-year variety evaluation on certified organic land was highly valued by the producers surveyed. From an educational perspective, the exercise was successful in that producers had to observe individual varieties carefully in order to come to a consensus producer ranking. The model of participatory research can be used for a variety of field research projects and field days.

scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of a Heterologous Glutaredoxin Enhances Drought Tolerance and Grain Yield in Field Grown Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5331
Author(s):  
Tej Man Tamang ◽  
Stuart A. Sprague ◽  
Tayebeh Kakeshpour ◽  
Sanzhen Liu ◽  
Frank F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation

Drought stress is a major constraint in global maize production, causing almost 30–90% of the yield loss depending upon growth stage and the degree and duration of the stress. Here, we report that ectopic expression of Arabidopsis glutaredoxin S17 (AtGRXS17) in field grown maize conferred tolerance to drought stress during the reproductive stage, which is the most drought sensitive stage for seed set and, consequently, grain yield. AtGRXS17-expressing maize lines displayed higher seed set in the field, resulting in 2-fold and 1.5-fold increase in yield in comparison to the non-transgenic plants when challenged with drought stress at the tasseling and silking/pollination stages, respectively. AtGRXS17-expressing lines showed higher relative water content, higher chlorophyll content, and less hydrogen peroxide accumulation than wild-type (WT) control plants under drought conditions. AtGRXS17-expressing lines also exhibited at least 2-fold more pollen germination than WT plants under drought stress. Compared to the transgenic maize, WT controls accumulated higher amount of proline, indicating that WT plants were more stressed over the same period. The results present a robust and simple strategy for meeting rising yield demands in maize under water limiting conditions.

scholarly journals Response of Grain Yield and Protein Content of Wheat Varieties to Different Levels of Fertilizers

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Ionuț RACZ ◽  
Marcel DUDA ◽  
Rozalia KADAR ◽  
Vasile MOLDOVAN ◽  
Adrian CECLAN
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Basic Scheme ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Different Levels

The grain yield and protein content of winter and spring wheat are significantly influenced by the technological factors, by variety, meteorological conditions and interaction between them. The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of fertilization on grain yield and quality indices in winter and spring wheat and to compare of their values. The quality of the grain was determined based on meal analysis. Nitrogen application improved protein content and also increase the grain yield until level when is appear the negative correlation between two characters. The experimental date from this paper is about adaptability of 25 winter wheat and 22 spring wheat varieties local and foreign in two years and two level of fertilization on the local conditions at Turda. The experiments were conducted over two years, 2011 and 2012, at Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, which are characterized with a high rainfall and temperatures favourable for winter wheat and spring wheat crops. The trials were conducted under quadratic lattice design with repeated the basic scheme. Each of both basic scheme consisting of 3 replications permitted to create two levels of fertilization. So, including the years as factors was possible to consider our experiment as an three factorial one (years- cultivars- fertilization). The effect of fertilization is reflected on increase grain yield and qualitative of these. By analysis of variance could be highlighted the influences of year, level of fertilization and cultivars, and also the interactions between these.

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