Impact of dietary crude protein and amino acids status on performance and some excreta characteristics of broiler chicks during 10-28 days of age

<p>This study assessed the effects of dietary crude protein on performance and nitrogen economy of broilers. Chicks were allotted to 22, 20, 18 and 16% crude protein corn-soy diets in a completely randomized design for forty-two days. Several essential amino acids were observed to be deficient compared to recommendations for broiler chicks as the dietary crude protein level reduced. Feed intake, weight gain, feed to gain ratio, faecal nitrogen, nitrogen retention, anthropogenic potential and dressing percentage were influenced (P < 0.05) by the dietary treatments. However, mortality was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Feed intake, weight gain, nitrogen intake and output were significantly (P < 0.05) depressed as the CP level reduced. However, the best (P < 0.05) nitrogen retention and percentage faecal nitrogen was recorded for broilers fed 20% crude protein diet. Serum total protein, albumin, uric acid, creatinine and glucose were affected (P < 0.05) across treatments. It was concluded that there is a limit to which dietary crude protein of broilers could be reduced without any detrimental effects on the performance and nitrogen economy of the birds, even when the requirements for methionine and lysine has been met, as several other amino acids could be limiting. Consequently, to achieve significant improvement in nitrogen economy and reduction in amount of faecal nitrogen, 20% crude protein diets could be fed to broilers. However, there may be need to further manipulate the amino acid profile of the diet so as to improve its performance to be at par with higher crude protein diets.</p>

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FEATHER GROWTH AND FEATHER COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKENS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas81-093 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 769-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

MARY-LOU FISHER ◽

S. LEESON ◽

W. D. MORRISON ◽

J. D. SUMMERS

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Research Council ◽

National Research Council ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Amino Acid Requirements ◽

Methionine Content

Feather-sexed broiler chicks were reared in litter floor pens in a controlled environment building and offered mash diets meeting National Academy of Science-National Research Council specifications. Ten birds of each sex were killed at weekly intervals and individual feather weight recorded. These feathers were analyzed for crude protein and essential amino acids. From within five replicate pens of each sex, litter was removed weekly from 28 to 49 days, and molted feathers removed, cleaned and weighed. Feather weight was consistently correlated (P < 0.05) with body weight only from 5–7 wk of age. Females lost consistently more feathers than male birds, with this differential being a factor of 3.5. The methionine content of feathers decreased with age, while that of threonine, isoleucine and valine increased with age. The data are presented for use in model prediction of broiler amino acid requirements.

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Effects of low crude-protein diets fortified with crystalline amino acids on growth performance and nitrogen retention of broiler chicks

10.31274/rtd-180813-13220 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Kristjan Bregendahl

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Crystalline Amino Acids ◽

Protein Diets

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PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS EVALUATION OF BROILER CHICKS FED SHRIMP WASTE MEAL SUPPLEMENTED WITH SYNTHETIC AMINO ACIDS

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v25i1.2180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

A. O. FANIMO ◽

O. O. ODUGUWA ◽

Y. O. JIMOH ◽

A. O. FARONBI

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Shrimp Waste ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Synthetic Amino Acids

A feeding trial was conducted using 104 one week-old anak broilier chicks to evaluate the replacement value of shrimp waste meal (SWM) for fish meal (FM) in broiler diets. Fish meal contribution to the dietary crude protein of the brioiler dietsat was replaced with SWM 0, 33, 66 and 100% of graded levels. Weight gain and feedconverstion ratio were significantly (P > 0.05) reduced with SWM replacing FM at 100% at both the starter and finisher phases. No significant differences (P >0.05) were observed for feed consumption. mortality increased with an increased levle of SWM in the diet at the starter phase. Liver weight increased (P <0.05) with increased level of SWM significantly (P <0.05) increased the abdominal fat. Result of this present study show that the SWM could partially replace 66% of the crude protein of FM in broiler diets without negatively affecting performance or carcass quality

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Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fecal Crude Protein, Amino Acids Flow Amount, Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2092

Author(s):

Zhenguo Yang ◽

Tianle He ◽

Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽

Hong Hu ◽

Qingju Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Low Protein ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Amino Acids Composition ◽

Protein Amino Acids

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low protein corn-soybean meal-based diets on fecal CP, amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs (initial body weight = 30 ± 1.35) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with basal diets with CP levels of 12%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level in the 12% CP and 15% CP groups is the same as 18% CP group by the addition of four crystalline Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp to the diet. The results showed that with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%, the fecal total nitrogen (N), CP and total AA (TAA) flow amount decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter (DM) digestibility, CP digestibility, TAA digestibility, essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) digestibility increased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP concentration from 18% to 12%. Compared with 18% CP group, the flow amount of Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Tyr, Val, Leu and Phe in feces of pigs in the 15% CP group and 12% CP group decreased significantly, while the flow amount of Arg in the 15% CP group was lower than that in the 18% CP group and 12% CP group. The fecal microbial N and AA of the 15% CP group were higher than those of the 18% CP and 12% CP groups. Fecal TAA flow amount decreased linearly with the decrease of the dietary CP levels from 18% to 12%. Fecal TAA and NEAA flow amount also decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%. Except for Glu, Gly, Met, Tyr, Thr and Phe, there were significant differences among the three groups in the composition of 17 kinds of AAs in fecal microorganisms. Among the 17 AA compositions of ileal microorganisms, except Tyr and Lys, the other AAs were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05)

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Effect of different levels of dietary crude protein on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of commercial broilers at different phases of growth

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3255 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

T. Srilatha ◽

V. Ravinder Reddy ◽

V. Chinni Preetam ◽

S.V. Rama Rao ◽

Y. Ramana Reddy

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Low Levels ◽

Different Levels

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of crude protein in broiler diets during different phases. i.e., pre starter (0-11d), starter (12-21d) and finisher (22-42d). 360 day-old broilers (Vencobb) were procured from a commercial hatchery and fed either high or low dietary CP diets during pre-starter (23 and 21%) , starter (21 and 19%) and high, moderate or low CP diets during finisher ( 18.5, 17.5 and 16.5%) phases, for a total of 12 possible treatment combinations at d 42. The results showed that the broilers fed low levels of CP ( 21 and 19 %) had significantly(P less than 0.05) higher body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), and better feed efficiency over the diets with high levels of CP during pre-starter and starter phases (23 and 21%, respectively). The higher (18.5%) level of protein in the finisher phase showed higher BWG and best FCR compared to the lower levels (17.5 and 16.5%). Carcass characters were not influenced by the variation in dietary CP level tested except the abdominal fat weight which was significantly higher in broiler fed low CP diet compared to those fed higher levels of CP during all three phases. The results indicated that the broilers fed low CP diets supplemented with critical amino acids (21 and 19%) had beneficial effect on the growth performance during pre-starter and starter phase. The broilers showed an ability to respond to increase in dietary CP levels during finisher phase.

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Effect of reduced dietary crude protein and supplemental limiting amino acids on the growth and carcass characteristics of Swarnadhara chicks

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3417 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Beena C. Joseph ◽

Jayanaik T. Munegowda ◽

Chandrapal . ◽

K. Singh ◽

V. Malathi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Control Diet ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Carcass Parameters ◽

Limiting Amino Acids

A six-week trial was conducted to determine the effect of lowering dietary crude protein levels with supplementation of limiting amino acid on growth performance, and carcass characteristics in one of the Indian improved crossbred Swarnadhara chicks in a completely randomized design having five treatments and four replications of 20 birds in each. Five isocaloric (2800 ME Kcal//kg) experimental diets based on corn-soy bean meal were formulated in a gradual crude protein decline from 21 % (control T1) to 19% by 0.5% interval. The levels of limiting amino acids namely methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan were met as that of control (T1) by adding synthetic preparations. Highest body weight was recorded in 2% crude protein reduced group (T5) which was comparable with control (T1). However, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio of different treatments were not significantly different. Moreover, carcass parameters like dressing percentage, breast meat yield, liver and heart weights remained unaffected by the dietary treatments. Relative gizzard weight and abdominal fat weights showed variations and lower dietary protein diets were comparable with control diet (T1). In summary, crude protein content of Swarnadhara chick diet can be reduced to 19% with essential AA fortification without any adverse effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics during 0-6 weeks of age.

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The nitrogen requirement of the weanling kitten

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19850060 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 501-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katherine A. Smalley ◽

Quinton R. Rogers ◽

James G. Morris ◽

Loren L. Eslinger

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Amino Acid ◽

G Protein ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Latin Square ◽

N Retention ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Nitrogen Requirement ◽

Four Levels

1. The nitrogen requirement of the weanling kitten was determined in a series of three experiments. In each experiment, diets were formulated to provide the growing kitten with the essential amino acids at or above the level of requirement. Expt 1 utilized a 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design with two groups of kittens (four male and four female). The crystalline L-amino acid diets were presented at four levels of dietary crude protein (N x 6.25) of 140, 160, 180 and 200 g/kg diet. The design for Expts 2 and 3 was a 6 x 6 balanced Latin square. For each of these experiments, groups of six male and six female kittens were assigned to diets. The six levels of dietary crude protein were 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 and 220 g/kg diet; dietary N was supplied by crystalline L-amino acids for Expt 2 and casein plus a supplementary amino acid mix for Expt 3. Food intake, weight gain and N retention were determined in each experiment.2. A sigmoidal model y =P1+ P2/[1 +e(p2+p4. x)] was fitted to the response of weight gain and N retention to dietary N. The calculated requirement (95% of the upper asymptote, P1 + P2) for these experiments varied from 170 to 230 g protein/kg diet with the majority of these values falling between 180 and 200 g protein/kg.3. On the basis of these three experiments, the kitten's requirement for dietary crude protein is between 180 and 200 g/kg diet (28.8–32.0 gN/kg) for purified diets which provide a calculated 21 MJ metabolizable energ//kg diet.

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