Classification of Brazilian wheat cultivars for aluminium toxicity in acid soils

1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. A. de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

Rapidly extracted (0.02 M CaCl2-soluble) reactive aluminum as a measure of aluminum toxicity in soils

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Close ◽  
HKJ Powell
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Species

This paper examines the use of short extraction times, and the determination of aluminium with chrome azurol S (CAS), for the estimation of 0.02 M CaCl2-soluble aluminium in soils. It reports the correlation between CAS-reactive aluminium in 5 min extracts and percent maximum yield of white clover (Trifolium repens) for a series of acid soils. The reactivity of soluble and colloidal aluminium species with the metallochromic reagent CAS has been assessed. ~ l ( a q ) ~ + , simple hydroxy species and complexes of weakly binding ligands (salicylic acid, tannins) are CAS-reactive (2 rnin). In contrast, complexes of strongly binding ligands (citric acid, fulvic acid) are not CAS-reactive ([Al] ~ [L] ~ [CAS] ~ 1-2~10-5 M). For a series of six limed phosphated topsoils and subsoils (pH 4.2-5.5), 0.02 M CaCl2- soluble aluminium, as determined with CAS, was negatively correlated against the percent maximum yield of white clover; r2 = -0.73** (5 min extraction), n = 20. This correlation is similar to that for yield against total aluminium as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy after 60 min extraction (r2 = -0.77**). However, the colorimetric analysis is more convenient and sensitive; further, it does not measure colloidal and polymeric aluminium species (which may not be plant-available). The satisfactory correlation achieved for short extraction times suggests use of CAS for a rapid field method for aluminium toxicity in soils.

scholarly journals Effect of aluminium on plant growth and metabolism.

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Mossor-Pietraszewska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Donor Ligands ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Oxygen Donor ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Division Cell

Aluminium toxicity is one of the major factors that limit plant growth and development in many acid soils. Root cells plasma membrane, particularly of the root apex, seems to be a major target of Al toxicity. However, strong interaction of Al3+, the main Al toxic form, with oxygen donor ligands (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides) results in the inhibition of cell division, cell extension, and transport. Although the identification of Al tolerance genes is under way, the mechanism of their expression remains obscure.

scholarly journals WHEAT CULTIVARS: RESPONSE TO IRRIGATION AND SOWING DATES

1996 ◽  
Vol 53 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
A.E. Klar ◽  
T. Hossokawa
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Similar Yield

This study was carried out in an Alfisol-Oxisol transition sandy-clay texture, using six wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum, L.): two tall and tolerant to soil aluminium toxicity (BH-1146, and IAC-18), and four semi-dwarf cultivars - Anahuac, IAC-162, IAC-24, and IAC-60 - of which only the first two are sensitive to soil aluminium toxicity. Two minimum soil water potentials (ys) levels were used: 1. watered, when Ys reached about -0.05 MPa; 2. dry, when the water potential reached around -1.5 MPa. Two sowing dates, 05/22/92 and 06/11/92, were used. The results showed that Anahuac and IAC-60 are the most indicated cultivars for the studied region; when irrigated all cultivars presented similar yield level under no irrigation conditions; the irrigation was not sufficient to avoid yield differences between the two growing seasons; differences in rainfall were important for the crop in the dry treatment for both seasons.

Screening wheat genotypes for tolerance of soil acidity

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tang ◽  
M. Nuruzzaman ◽  
Z. Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Subsoil Acidity

A soil-based screening method was used to test tolerance of wheat genotypes to acidity. Plants were grown for 6 days in an acid soil with the pH adjusted to 3.9–5.8. The number and length of roots were measured. To validate the method, 12 wheat cultivars of known acidity tolerance and one acid-sensitive barley cultivar were grown on an acid soil in the field with or without amelioration of subsoil acidity. The relative yields of these wheat genotypes on the soil with subsoil acidity ranged from 50 to 89% of yields on soil without subsoil acidity, and were correlated with root growth parameters obtained in the glasshouse. The best correlation was obtained between relative yields in the field (y) and root length per plant (x) at pH 3.9 in the glasshouse (y = –43 + 52*log x, r = 0.95) or root length per plant at pH 3.9 as a percentage of root length at pH 4.8 (y = 1.2 + 46*log x, r = 0.94). Following validation of the glasshouse screening method in the field, 115 wheat genotypes, including cultivars and breeding lines, were screened in the glasshouse. A substantial genotypic variation in acidity tolerance was found, with root length per plant at pH 3.9 ranging from 66 to > 350 mm. Many Western Australian breeding lines displayed better tolerance than existing tolerant wheat cultivars. The screening system can be instrumental in breeding wheat for increased tolerance to acid soils.

Soil acidity and growth of a legume. I. Interactions of lime with nitrogen and phosphate on growth of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium subterraneum L.

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
DN Munns
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Practical Advantage ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Lucerne grew poorly without lime on several acid soils on which subterranean clover grew normally. On the moderately acid soils, of pH 5.5–6.0, most of the lime response by lucerne could be attributed to improvement in nodulation and could be eliminated by supplying ammonium nitrate. Strains of medic Rhizobium differed in ability to nodulate lucerne plants in acid soils sufficiently to suggest practical advantage in selecting strains for superiority in this respect. On the more acid soils, of pH 5.0–5.5, lucerne responded to lime or potassium carbonate even when not nitrogen-deficient. This lime response was eliminated by large applications of phosphate. The interaction between lime and phosphate could indicate aluminium toxicity.

scholarly journals Novel Sources of Tolerance to Aluminium Toxicity in Wild Cicer (Cicer reticulatum and Cicer echinospermum) Collections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Vance ◽  
Karthika Pradeep ◽  
Scott R. Strachan ◽  
Simon Diffey ◽  
Richard W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Cicer Reticulatum ◽  
Cicer Echinospermum ◽  
Large Scale Screening

In acid soils, the toxic form of aluminium, Al3+, significantly inhibits root growth and elongation, leading to less water and nutrient uptake. Previous research had shown differential Al toxicity tolerance among cultivated Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea); however, the potential for developing tolerant cultivars is limited by the narrow genetic diversity of cultivated chickpeas. Recent collections from Turkey of wild Cicer species, Cicer reticulatum, and Cicer echinospermum, have increased the available gene pool significantly, but there has been no large-scale screening of wild Cicer for acid tolerance or Al3+ toxicity tolerance. This study evaluated 167 wild Cicer and 17 Australian chickpea cultivars in a series of screenings under controlled growth conditions. The pH of 4.2 and Al concentrations of 15 and 60 μM Al were selected for large-scale screening based on dose response experiments in a low ionic strength nutrient solution. The change in root length showed better discrimination between tolerant and sensitive lines when compared with shoot and root dry weights and was used as a selection criterion. In a large-scale screening, 13 wild Cicer reticulatum accessions had a higher root tolerance index (≥50%), and eight had higher relative change in root length (≥40%) compared with PBA Monarch, which showed greater tolerance among the Australian domestic cultivars screened. In general, C. reticulatum species were found to be more tolerant than C. echinospermum, while genetic population groups Ret_5, Ret_6, and Ret_7 from Diyarbakir and Mardin Province were more tolerant than other groups. Among C. echinospermum, Ech_6 from the Siv-Diyar collection site of the Urfa Province showed better tolerance than other groups. In this first detailed screening of aluminium toxicity tolerance in the new wild Cicer collections, we identified accessions that were more tolerant than current domestic cultivars, providing promising germplasm for breeding programs to expand chickpea adaptation to acid soils.

Aluminium-phosphorus interactions in plants growing on acid soils: does phosphorus always alleviate aluminium toxicity?

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Fu Chen ◽  
Fu Lin Zhang ◽  
Qi Ming Zhang ◽  
Qing Bin Sun ◽  
Xiao Ying Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity

Comparative performance of six Stylosanthes species in three acid soils

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
MMde Carvalho ◽  
CS Andrew ◽  
DG Edwards ◽  
CJ Asher ◽  
Carvalho MM De
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Aluminium Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiencies ◽  
Yield Responses

The yield rcsponse of six Stylosanthes species to a factorial combination of four lime rates and two phosphorus levels applied to three acid soils (Coolum, Kogan, Rochedale) was determined in a pot experiment. The unlimed soils were of similar pH, but differed widely in exchangeable aluminium content. Aluminium toxicity appeared to be a major limitation to growth in the three soils. In the unlimed soils, the most severe yield restriction was observed in the Coolum soil, which had the highest soluble aluminium concentration (55 �M), and the least restriction in the Kogan soil, which had the lowest soluble aluminium concentration (37 �M). All six species achieved maximum yield in the three soils when the soluble aluminium concentration was reduced to values below 21 �M . The strong yield responses observed with little change in soluble aluminium at the higher lime rates in the Coolum and Rochedale soils may be due to either a further reduction in aluminium toxicity associated with increasing concentration of soluble polymeric species or the direct alleviation of hydrogen ion toxicity. The observed responses to lime do not appear to involve direct calcium effects, nor do they involve alleviation of manganese toxicity or molybdenum deficiency. Maximum yield was associated with reduction in aluminium saturation to less than 5% of the effective cation exchange capacity in all three soils. However, when examined across the three soils, aluminium saturation and also the exchangeable aluminium content were both unsatisfactory predictors of plant performance. The largest and smallest restrictions on growth were observed in soils with similar aluminium saturation (Coolum 14.4%, Kogan 17.6% respectively), while the Rochedale soil with its much higher aluminium saturation (42.0%) was intermediate in degree of growth restriction. Phosphorus and nitrogen deficiencies also limited plant growth, but the magnitude of their effects varied among soils and species.

scholarly journals PALE SOILS ON CARBONATE-FREE DEPOSITS IN CENTRAL SIBERIA AND THEIR TAXONOMIC POSITION IN THE SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF RUSSIA

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ananko ◽  
M. I. Gerasimova ◽  
D. E. Konyushkov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Physical Chemical

Based upon a comprehensive analysis of detailed descriptions of soil profiles and analytical data obtained by I. Sokolov, V. Zolnikov, L. Yelovskaya and other researchers, as well as upon data on the soil-forming factors, an attempt is made to determine the taxonomic level of pale undifferentiated neutral and slightly acid soils derived from carbonate-free deposits in the new classification system of Russian soils (versions 2004, 2008). The above group of soils is not uniform. According to their diagnostic morphological and physical-chemical properties the loamy permafrost-affected soils with ice-rich permafrost should be placed in the order of cryometamorphic or iron-metamorphic soils. The loamy sandy soils with dry permafrost may be placed in the same order. The soils with a shallow profile (< 30 cm) on hard parent rock should be qualified as members of the order of lithozems. The specific features of these soils make it possible to suggest new elements to the soil classification. A subtype of pale-metamorphized soils is offered to recognize the types of rzhavozems and raw-humus rzhavozems as the soils transitional to the pale soils. This suggestion is aimed at harmonization of a variety of ideas on the genesis, conditions for the development and nomenclature of soils, which permits us to give a more complete and reliable perception of the soil cover in the Central Siberian plateau.

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