Morphology and function of reproductive organs inNeodasys chaetonotoideus(Gastrotricha:Neodasys) with a phylogenetic assessment of the reproductive system in Gastrotricha

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kieneke ◽  
Wilko H. Ahlrichs ◽  
Pedro Martínez Arbizu
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
And Function

Human Adult Reproductive System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Guthrie ◽  
Johanna Von Hofe ◽  
Rachael B Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Physiologic System

The human reproductive system is a unique combination of organs and endocrine components that is extremely complex and adaptive. The reproductive organs are distinct between males and females, and sexual differentiation is a result of genotype, gonadal type, and phenotype. The anatomic and physiologic system of each sex is composed with a set purpose: to propagate the human species. Linked closely to the reproductive system is the endocrine system, which provides the messengers and feedback mechanisms that allow the development, maintenance, and function of the reproductive organs. The gonads have both endocrine and exocrine functions, namely steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. This review focuses on the components of the endocrine system as well as male and female anatomy and physiology to fully grasp the human reproductive system.  Key words: fertility, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, reproductive anatomy, sexual aging, sexual physiology

scholarly journals Necroptosis promotes the Aging of the Male Reproductive System in Mice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianrong Li ◽  
Lingjun Meng ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Yaning Su ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Necrotic Cell Death ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Necrotic Cell ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractNecroptosis is a form of programmed necrotic cell death in mammals that is mediated by a pair of kinases, RIP1 and RIP3, as well as the RIP3 substrate MLKL. We report here that male reproductive organs of both RIP3-and MLKL-knockout mice retain “youthful” morphology and function into advanced age, while those of age-matched wild type mice deteriorate. The RIP3 phosphorylation of MLKL, the activation marker of necroptosis, is detected in spermatogonial stem cells in the testes of old but not in young wild type mice. When the testes of young wild type mice are given a local necroptotic stimulus, their reproductive organs showed accelerated aging. Feeding of wild type mice with an RIP1 inhibitor prior to the normal onset of age-related changes in their reproductive organs blocked the appearance of signs of aging. Thus, necroptosis in testes promotes the aging-associated deterioration of the male reproductive system in mice.

scholarly journals RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL-dependent necrosis promotes the aging of mouse male reproductive system

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianrong Li ◽  
Lingjun Meng ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Yaning Su ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Necrotic Cell Death ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Necrotic Cell ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Related Changes

A pair of kinases, RIPK1 and RIPK3, as well as the RIPK3 substrate MLKL cause a form of programmed necrotic cell death in mammals termed necroptosis. We report here that male reproductive organs of both Ripk3- and Mlkl-knockout mice retain ‘youthful’ morphology and function into advanced age, while those of age-matched wild-type mice deteriorate. The RIPK3 phosphorylation of MLKL, the activation marker of necroptosis, is detected in spermatogonial stem cells in the testes of old but not in young wild-type mice. When the testes of young wild-type mice are given a local necroptotic stimulus, their reproductive organs showed accelerated aging. Feeding of wild-type mice with an RIPK1 inhibitor prior to the normal onset of age-related changes in their reproductive organs blocked the appearance of signs of aging. Thus, necroptosis in testes promotes the aging-associated deterioration of the male reproductive system in mice.

Human Adult Reproductive System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Guthrie ◽  
Johanna Von Hofe ◽  
Rachael B Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Physiologic System

The human reproductive system is a unique combination of organs and endocrine components that is extremely complex and adaptive. The reproductive organs are distinct between males and females, and sexual differentiation is a result of genotype, gonadal type, and phenotype. The anatomic and physiologic system of each sex is composed with a set purpose: to propagate the human species. Linked closely to the reproductive system is the endocrine system, which provides the messengers and feedback mechanisms that allow the development, maintenance, and function of the reproductive organs. The gonads have both endocrine and exocrine functions, namely steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. This review focuses on the components of the endocrine system as well as male and female anatomy and physiology to fully grasp the human reproductive system.  Key words: fertility, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, reproductive anatomy, sexual aging, sexual physiology

scholarly journals EFEK HYPOTHYROIDISME TERHADAP KETERLAMBATAN USIAN MENARCHE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
SINU ANDHI JUSUP ◽  
SETYO SRI RAHARJO ◽  
JAROT SUBANDONO ◽  
ENDANG LISTYANINGSIH
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Scoring ◽  
Cycle Disorders ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Of Menarche

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRA</strong><strong>K</strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p><strong>Pendahuluan : </strong>Hormon Tiroid memiliki peran yang penting terhadap perkembangan dan fungsi organ reproduksi wanita. Pasien wanita dengan hipotiroidisme seringkali mengalami abnormalitas pada sistem reproduksi, termasuk terlambatnya usia <em>menarche</em>, gangguan siklus haid dan gangguan kesuburan. Mekanisme abnormalitas menstruasi pada hipotiroidisme belum sepenuhnya diketahui. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gangguan fungsi sistem reproduksi lebih awal, sehingga penanganan gangguan reproduksi lanjut dapat di cegah.</p><p><strong>Metode<em> : </em></strong>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode <em>cross sectional</em>. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kecamatan Ngargoyoso, kabupaten Karanganyar dengan jumlah sampel 80 sampel yaitu 40 sampel untuk kelompok hipotiroidisme (+) dan 40 sampel untuk kelompok hipotiroidisme (-). Diagnosis hipotiroidisme dilakukan dengan menggunakan <em>Zulewski’s Clinical Scoring </em>dengan kriteria WHO/ICCIDD. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji t<em>. </em></p><p><strong>Hasil : </strong>Pada group hipotiroidisme (+) kelompok usia terbanyak usia 40-45 tahun (35%). Mayoritas memiliki pekerjaan petani (40%) dan ibu rumah tangga (37,5%). Pendidikan terakhir SLTP (40%) dan diikuti dengan pendidikan terakhir SD (32,5%).</p><p>Rata rata usia <em>menarche</em> pada group hipotyroidisme (+)  (14,08 tahun ), lebih tinggi dibanding group hipotyroidisme (-)  (12,53 tahun), namun secara statistik perbedaan usia <em>menarche</em> pada kedua group itu tidak signifikan (p=0,098).</p><p><strong><em>Kesimpulan</em></strong><strong> </strong>Status hipotyroidisme (+) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap permulaan usia <em>menarche. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>hipotiroidisme; menarche;hormon thyroid</em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong><em>. Thyroid hormones have an important role in the development and function of the female reproductive organs. Female patients with hypothyroidism often experience abnormalities in the reproductive system, including the late age of menarche, menstrual cycle disorders and fertility disorders. The mechanism of menstrual abnormalities in hypothyroidism is not yet fully known. The aim to know the reproductive system dysfunction earlier, so treatment of advanced reproductive disorders can be prevented. </em></p><p><strong><em>Method. </em></strong><em>This study was an observational analytic study with case control method. This research was conducted in Ngargoyoso sub-district, Karanganyar district. The samples were womens 20-45 years old,  40 samples for the hypothyroidism (+) group  and 40 samples for the hypothyroidism (-) group. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism was done using Zulewski’s Clinical Scoring with WHO / ICCIDD criteria.</em><em> </em><em>Patients with a score of 5 or more indicate hypothyroidism, while a score of 0-2 indicates euthyroid. </em><em> The data obtained were analyzed using the t test.</em></p><p><em></em><strong><em>Results. </em></strong><em>In the hypothyroidism (+) group  the most age group </em><em>was</em><em> 40-45 years old (35%). The majority have farmer jobs (40%) and housewives (37.5%). Whereas the last education was junior high school (40%) and was followed by the last primary education (32.5%). The average age of menarche in the hypothyroidism (+) group (14.08 years), was higher than the hypothyroidism (-) group  (12.53 years), but statistically the age difference in menarche in the two groups was not significant (p = 0.098).</em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>. Hypothyroidism status d</em><em>id</em><em>n’t significantly influence the onset of menarche.</em><em> H</em><em>ypothyroidism has no significant effect on the late age of menarche</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: hypothyroidism; </em></strong><strong><em>menarche</em></strong><strong><em>; thyroid hormone</em></strong><strong></strong></p><p><em></em><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"> </p>

scholarly journals Toxicity Investigation of Nano-SiO2 on Male Reproductive System in Pubertal Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanli Sun ◽  
Xuying Wang ◽  
Pinzheng Zhang ◽  
Ziyun Chen ◽  
Zhiyi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
And Function

Abstract BackgroundPuberty is a crucial stage to gain reproductive capacity, but it is also a period vulnerable to exogenous materials. While exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) has been linked to toxic responses in reproductive system in previous findings, little is known about the age-dependent effect of NPs, let alone the underlying mechanism. In the present study, we assessed male fertility parameters and explored its mechanism following intraperitoneal exposure to Nano-Silicon dioxide (Nano-SiO2) in mice during puberty.Methods40 mice aged 5 weeks were divided into 2 groups after 1 week acclimation and then exposed to 40mg/kg Nano-SiO2 dissolved in saline or vehicle controls by intraperitoneal injection every day over a period of 7-day, respectively. Changes in the structure and function of male reproductive organs were detected after exposure.ResultsNano-SiO2 exposed through intraperitoneal injection could cause damage to the testicular and epididymal histological architecture and reduce the level of sex hormone (testosterone), leading to a decrease in sperm quality and quantity. Furthermore, Nano-SiO2 could induce oxidative stress and inflammation in male reproductive tissues, indicated by reduced activity of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD) and increased level of the lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde, MDA), which leads to the activation of cell apoptosis.ConclusionExposure to Nano-SiO2 in pubertal mice could cause toxicity on male reproductive system via inducing oxidative stress and activating TNF-α mediated apoptotic pathway.

Chaperonin as the normal controls and pathological anti-stress response in the human reproductive system

2016 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
M. Makarenko ◽  
◽  
D. Hovsyeyev ◽  
L. Sydoryk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
And Function

Different kinds of physiological stress cause mass changes in the cells, including the changes in the structure and function of the protein complexes and in separate molecules. The protein functions is determined by its folding (the spatial conclusion), which depends on the functioning of proteins of thermal shock- molecular chaperons (HSPs) or depends on the stress proteins, that are high-conservative; specialized proteins that are responsible for the correct proteinaceous folding. The family of the molecular chaperones/ chaperonins/ Hsp60 has a special place due to the its unique properties of activating the signaling cascades through the system of Toll-like receptors; it also stimulates the cells to produce anti- inflammatory cytokines, defensins, molecules of cell adhesion and the molecules of MHC; it functions as the intercellular signaling molecule. The pathological role of Hsp60 is established in a wide range of illnesses, from diabetes to atherosclerosis, where Hsp60 takes part in the regulation of both apoptosis and the autoimmune processes. The presence of the HSPs was found in different tissues that are related to the reproductive system. Key words: molecular chaperons (HSPs), Toll-like receptors, reproductive function, natural auto antibody.

scholarly journals Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Louise Ferguson ◽  
Niels Maness ◽  
Becky Carroll ◽  
William Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Pecan is native to the United States. The US is the world’s largest pecan producer with an average yearly production of 250 to 300 million pounds; 80 percent of the world’s supply. Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, California, Louisiana, and Florida are the major US pecan producing states. Pecan trees frequently suffer from spring freeze at bud break and bloom as the buds are quite sensitive to freeze damage. This leads to poor flower and nut production. This review focuses on the impact of spring freeze during bud differentiation and flower development. Spring freeze kills the primary terminal buds, the pecan tree has a second chance for growth and flowering through secondary buds. Unfortunately, secondary buds have less bloom potential than primary buds and nut yield is reduced. Spring freeze damage depends on severity of the freeze, bud growth stage, cultivar type and tree age, tree height and tree vigor. This review discusses the impact of temperature on structure and function of male and female reproductive organs. It also summarizes carbohydrate relations as another factor that may play an important role in spring growth and transition of primary and secondary buds to flowers.

Comparative effects of Orchis anatolica vs. the red Korean Panax ginseng treatments on testicular structure and function of adult male mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Khouri ◽  
Haytham M. Daradka ◽  
Mohammed Z. Allouh ◽  
Ahmad S. Alkofahi
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
And Function

Abstract: The effects of: Both plants were administered orally to two separate mice groups at a dose of 800 mg/kg/day for 35 days and compared with control group. After treatment, 5 mice of each group were sacrificed and total mice weights, reproductive organs’ weights, spermatogenesis, and androgenic serum markers were investigated. The remaining mice from all groups were allowed to mate with virgin female mice to explore male fertility potential.: Results indicated that body and organs’ weights were increased significantly in mice treated with: We can conclude that

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