Relation of Cellular Phospholipid Composition to Oligodendroglial Differentiation in C-6 Glial Cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Volpe ◽  
Yuichi Iimori ◽  
Grant G. Haven ◽  
Richard I. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Cellular Phospholipid

scholarly journals Tafazzin modulates cellular phospholipid composition to regulate AML stemness

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e1620051
Author(s):  
Ayesh K. Seneviratne ◽  
Mingjing Xu ◽  
Aaron D. Schimmer
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Cellular Phospholipid

scholarly journals Phospholipid Composition of PurifiedChlamydia trachomatis Mimics That of the Eucaryotic Host Cell

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 3727-3735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. Hatch ◽  
Grant McClarty
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cho Cell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Cellular Phospholipid

ABSTRACT Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular eubacterial parasite capable of infecting a wide range of eucaryotic host cells. Purified chlamydiae contain several lipids typically found in eucaryotes, and it has been established that eucaryotic lipids are transported from the host cell to the parasite. In this report, we examine the phospholipid composition of C. trachomatispurified from host cells grown under a variety of conditions in which the cellular phospholipid composition was altered. A mutant CHO cell line, with a thermolabile CDP-choline synthetase, was used to show that decreased host cell phosphatidylcholine levels had no significant effect on C. trachomatis growth. However, less phosphatidylcholine was transported to the parasite and purified elementary bodies contained decreased levels of phosphatidylcholine. Brefeldin A, fumonisin B1, and exogenous sphingomyelinase were used to alter levels of host cell sphingomyelin. None of the agents had a significant effect on C. trachomatisreplication. Treatment with fumonisin B1 and exogenous sphingomyelinase resulted in decreased levels of host cell sphingomyelin. This had no effect on glycerophospholipid trafficking to chlamydiae; however, sphingomyelin trafficking was reduced and elementary bodies purified from treated cells had reduced sphingomyelin content. Exposure to brefeldin A, which had no adverse effect on chlamydia growth, resulted in an increase in cellular levels of sphingomyelin and a concomitant increase in the amount of sphingomyelin in purified chlamydiae. Under the experimental conditions used, brefeldin A treatment had only a small effect on sphingomyelin trafficking to the host cell surface or to C. trachomatis. Thus, the final phospholipid composition of purified C. trachomatis mimics that of the host cell in which it is grown.

Correlation of Cellular Phospholipid Content with Nisin Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
XINTIAN MING ◽  
MARK A. DAESCHEL
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Membrane Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cellular Phospholipid ◽  
Resistant Cells

A nisin-resistant mutant of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A has been characterized by comparing its phospholipid composition with the nisin-sensitive parental strain. The total phospholipids of resistant cells were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased compared to the parental strain. The types of phospholipids isolated from nisin-resistant and sensitive cells were identical, but there was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the amount of three individual phospholipids. Nisin-resistant cells were found to bind less nisin and release less phospholipids than sensitive cells when treated with same concentrations of nisin. The cell surface of resistant cells was less hydrophobic compared to sensitive cells, which also may have contributed to the observed nisin resistance. The results suggest that fundamental changes occurred in the membrane structure and function of the resistant mutant as a response to nisin.

Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Wiktor Djaczenko ◽  
Carmen Calenda Cimmino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

High-voltage electron microscopy of subretinal scar formation

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
G.E. Korte ◽  
M. Marko ◽  
G. Hageman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Sodium Iodate ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron

Sodium iodate iv. damages the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in rabbits. Where RPE does not regenerate (e.g., 1,2) Muller glial cells (MC) forma subretinal scar that replaces RPE. The MC response was studied by HVEM in 3D computer reconstructions of serial thick sections, made using the STEREC0N program (3), and the HVEM at the NYS Dept. of Health in Albany, NY. Tissue was processed for HVEM or immunofluorescence localization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing MG microvilli (4).

Ultrasturcture of cerebellar cells and neuropil in rats subjected to partial global cerebral ischemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
R.V.W. Dimlich ◽  
M.H. Biros
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Forebrain Ischemia ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Cerebellar Cells

Although a previous study in this laboratory determined that Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum did not appear to be damaged following 30 min of forebrain ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion, it was suggested that an increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and/or polysomes had occurred in these cells. The primary objective of the present study was to morphometrically determine whether or not this increase had occurred. In addition, since there is substantial evidence that glial cells may be affected by ischemia earlier than other cell types, glial cells also were examined. To ascertain possible effects on other cerebellar components, granule cells and neuropil near Purkinje cells as well as neuropil in the molecular layer also were evaluated in this investigation.

Extracellular filaments in the perineurium of the florida lobster, Panulirus argus

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 784-785
Author(s):  
Roy J. Baerwald ◽  
Lura C. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Panulirus Argus ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Nerve Cords

In arthropods the perineurium surrounds the neuropile, consists of modified glial cells, and is the morphological basis for the blood-brain barrier. The perineurium is surrounded by an acellular neural lamella, sometimes containing scattered collagen-like fibrils. This perineurial-neural lamellar complex is thought to occur ubiquitously throughout the arthropods. This report describes a SEM and TEM study of the sheath surrounding the ventral nerve cord of Panulirus argus.Juvenile P. argus were collected from the Florida Keys and maintained in marine aquaria. Nerve cords were fixed for TEM in Karnovsky's fixative and saturated tannic acid in 0.1 M Na-cacodylate buffer, pH = 7.4; post-fixed in 1.0% OsO4 in the same buffer; dehydrated through a graded series of ethanols; embedded in Epon-Araldite; and examined in a Philips 200 TEM. Nerve cords were fixed for SEM in a similar manner except that tannic acid was not used.

Platelet Functions in Relation to Dietary Fats in Farmers from two Regions of France

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 518-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Renaud ◽  
E Dumont ◽  
F Godsey ◽  
A Suplisson ◽  
C Thevenon
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Platelet Phospholipid ◽  
Platelet Functions

SummaryTo determine whether the long-term feeding of dietary fats affect platelet functions in man, platelet aggregation (to thrombin ADP, collagen, epinephrine) and clotting activity of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-poor plasma and of washed platelets, were studied in a mobile-laboratory in 44 healthy male farmers (40-45 years) from two French regions Var and Moselle, in relation to lipemia, glycemia, dietary nutriments, and platelet phospholipid composition. In the Moselle subjects, the platelet clotting activity of PRP and of washed platelets, the platelet aggregation to thrombin and ADP, were highly significantly (p <0.001) increased as compared to those of Var, but not the plasma cholesterol, which was identical in the two regions.In Moselle, the intake of total calories, total lipids and saturated fats was higher than in the Var.However, it was only with the saturated fat intake (mostly stearic acid) that the platelet clotting activity (p <0.01) and the platelet aggregation (p <0.001) were highly significantly correlated. The platelet clotting activity was also significantly (p <0.001) correlated with the fatty acid composition of the platelet phospholipid fractions phosphatidyl serine + phosphatidyl inositol.

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