Underlying Mechanisms of Impaired Visceral Pain Perception in Older People

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Moore ◽  
David Clinch
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

scholarly journals Heparan Sulfate Deficiency in Cartilage: Enhanced BMP-Sensitivity, Proteoglycan Production and an Anti-Apoptotic Expression Signature after Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3726
Author(s):  
Matthias Gerstner ◽  
Ann-Christine Severmann ◽  
Safak Chasan ◽  
Andrea Vortkamp ◽  
Wiltrud Richter
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Expression Signature ◽  
Hypomorphic Allele ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Engineered Cartilage

Osteoarthritis (OA) represents one major cause of disability worldwide still evading efficient pharmacological or cellular therapies. Severe degeneration of extracellular cartilage matrix precedes the loss of mobility and disabling pain perception in affected joints. Recent studies showed that a reduced heparan sulfate (HS) content protects cartilage from degradation in OA-animal models of joint destabilization but the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. We aimed to clarify whether low HS-content alters the mechano-response of chondrocytes and to uncover pathways relevant for HS-related chondro-protection in response to loading. Tissue-engineered cartilage with HS-deficiency was generated from rib chondrocytes of mice carrying a hypomorphic allele of Exostosin 1 (Ext1), one of the main HS-synthesizing enzymes, and wildtype (WT) littermate controls. Engineered cartilage matured for 2 weeks was exposed to cyclic unconfined compression in a bioreactor. The molecular loading response was determined by transcriptome profiling, bioinformatic data processing, and qPCR. HS-deficient chondrocytes expressed 3–6% of WT Ext1-mRNA levels. Both groups similarly raised Sox9, Col2a1, and Acan levels during maturation. However, HS-deficient chondrocytes synthesized and deposited 50% more GAG/DNA. TGFβ and FGF2-sensitivity of Ext1gt/gt chondrocytes was similar to WT cells but their response to BMP-stimulation was enhanced. Loading induced similar activation of mechano-sensitive ERK and P38-signaling in WT and HS-reduced chondrocytes. Transcriptome analysis reflected regulation of cell migration as major load-induced biological process with similar stimulation of common (Fosl1, Itgα5, Timp1, and Ngf) as well as novel mechano-regulated genes (Inhba and Dhrs9). Remarkably, only Ext1-hypomorphic cartilage responded to loading by an expression signature of negative regulation of apoptosis with pro-apoptotic Bnip3 being selectively down-regulated. HS-deficiency enhanced BMP-sensitivity, GAG-production and fostered an anti-apoptotic expression signature after loading, all of which may protect cartilage from load-induced erosion.

scholarly journals Functional disruption of cortical cingulate activity attenuates visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety induced by acute experimental colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Brenner ◽  
Leah Zerlin ◽  
Linette Liqi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Noxious Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractVisceral pain is a highly complex experience and is the most common pathological feature in patients suffering from inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. Whilst it is increasingly recognized that aberrant neural processing within the gut-brain axis plays a key role in development of neurological symptoms, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the cortical activation patterns and effects of non-invasive chemogenetic suppression of cortical activity on visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-related phenotypes in a well-characterized mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We found that within the widespread cortical network, the mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) was consistently highly activated in response to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of the colon. Furthermore, during acute experimental colitis, impairing the activity of the MCC successfully alleviated visceral hypersensitivity, anxiety-like behaviors and visceromotor responses to colorectal distensions (CRDs) via downregulating the excitability of the posterior insula (PI), somatosensory and the rostral anterior cingulate cortices (rACC), but not the prefrontal or anterior insula cortices. These results provide a mechanistic insight into the central cortical circuits underlying painful visceral manifestations and implicate MCC plasticity as a putative target in cingulate-mediated therapies for bowel disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of slow, deep breathing on visceral pain perception and its underlying psychophysiological mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gholamrezaei ◽  
Ilse Van Diest ◽  
Qasim Aziz ◽  
Ans Pauwels ◽  
Jan Tack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Deep Breathing

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Benedetti ◽  
James Burnett ◽  
Meredith Degnan ◽  
Danielle Horne ◽  
Andres Missair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Somatic Pain ◽  
Spine Pain

The neuronal, chemical, and electrical transmission of pain is a complex and intricate subject that continues to be studied and expounded. This review discusses the relevant physiology and influential factors contributing to the experience and subjective variation in a variety of acute and chronic pain presentations. This review contains 4 figures, 4 tables, and 30 references Keywords: acute pain, chronic pain, somatic pain, neuropathic pain, visceral pain, nociception, pain perception, gender-related pain, cancer pain, spine pain

Somatosensory dysfunction in patients with posttraumatic headache: A systematic review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110304
Author(s):  
Julia Jessen ◽  
Özüm S. Özgül ◽  
Oliver Höffken ◽  
Peter Schwenkreis ◽  
Martin Tegenthoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Posttraumatic Headache ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Sensory Profiles

Objectives Aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about the sensory function and pain modulatory systems in posttraumatic headache and discuss its possible role in patients with posttraumatic headache. Background Posttraumatic headache is the most common complication after traumatic brain injury, and significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Even though it has a high prevalence, its origin and pathophysiology are poorly understood. Thereby, the existing treatment options are insufficient. Identifying its mechanisms can be an important step forward to develop target-based personalized treatment. Methods We searched the PubMed database for studies examining pain modulation and/or quantitative sensory testing in individuals with headache after brain injury. Results The studies showed heterogenous alterations in sensory profiles (especially in heat and pressure pain perception) compared to healthy controls and headache-free traumatic brain injury-patients. Furthermore, pain inhibition capacity was found to be diminished in subjects with posttraumatic headache. Conclusions Due to the small number of heterogenous studies a distinct sensory pattern for patients with posttraumatic headache could not be identified. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and biomarkers for prediction of development and persistence of posttraumatic headache.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status as a Mediator of Fatigue and Its Underlying Mechanisms in Older People

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Azzolino ◽  
Beatrice Arosio ◽  
Emanuele Marzetti ◽  
Riccardo Calvani ◽  
Matteo Cesari
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Composition Changes

Fatigue is an often-neglected symptom but frequently complained of by older people, leading to the inability to continue functioning at a normal level of activity. Fatigue is frequently associated with disease conditions and impacts health status and quality of life. Yet, fatigue cannot generally be completely explained as a consequence of a single disease or pathogenetic mechanism. Indeed, fatigue mirrors the exhaustion of the physiological reserves of an older individual. Despite its clinical relevance, fatigue is typically underestimated by healthcare professionals, mainly because reduced stamina is considered to be an unavoidable corollary of aging. The incomplete knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms of fatigue and the lack of a gold standard tool for its assessment contribute to the poor appreciation of fatigue in clinical practice. Inadequate nutrition is invoked as one of the mechanisms underlying fatigue. Modifications in food intake and body composition changes seem to influence the perception of fatigue, probably through the mechanisms of inflammation and/or mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we present an overview on the mechanisms that may mediate fatigue levels in old age, with a special focus on nutrition.

Su2064 Visceral Pain Perception in IBS Patients and Controls in the Fmrii Scanner Environment Is Significantly Altered by Psychological Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-536
Author(s):  
Clive H. Wilder-Smith ◽  
Lukas Van Oudenhove ◽  
Xinhua Li ◽  
Khek-Yu Ho ◽  
Reuben K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Visceral Pain

Increased visceral sensitivity to capsaicin after DSS-induced colitis in mice: spinal cord c-Fos expression and behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. G749-G757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Eijkelkamp ◽  
Annemieke Kavelaars ◽  
Sigrid Elsenbruch ◽  
Manfred Schedlowski ◽  
Gerald Holtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Visceral Hyperalgesia ◽  
Dss Colitis ◽  
Fos Expression

During acute and chronic inflammation visceral pain perception is altered. Conflicting data exist, however, on visceral pain perception in the postinflammatory phase. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether visceral pain perception is altered after resolution of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammation of the colon. Visceral sensory function in mice was assessed by monitoring behavioral responses to intracolonic capsaicin instillation. Two hours later the number of c-Fos-positive neurons in lamina I/II and X of spinal cord segments T12/13–S1 was determined as a measure of neuronal activation. DSS colitis was induced by adding 1% of DSS to the drinking water. The course of DSS-induced colitis was assessed by determining the disease activity index score. Animals developed a transient colitis and had recovered at day 49. At this time point, cytokine levels and colon length were similar to control animals. Importantly, after resolution of DSS-induced colitis the behavioral response to intracolonic capsaicin was increased compared with control mice. Moreover, capsaicin-induced spinal cord neuronal c-Fos expression was significantly increased. Interestingly, after colitis animals also exhibited referred somatic hyperalgesia as measured with von Frey hairs on the abdominal wall. We conclude that postinflammatory visceral hyperalgesia occurs after resolution of DSS-induced colitis and that capsaicin-induced behavioral responses and spinal cord neuronal c-Fos activation are effective readouts for determination of visceral pain perception.

scholarly journals Pain in older people with frailty

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Brown ◽  
John Young ◽  
Andrew Clegg ◽  
Anne Heaven
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Older People ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryIn this review we identified cohort and cross-sectional studies that assessed pain in community-dwelling older people (>65 years) reliably characterized as frail. Secondly, we considered biologically plausible mechanisms that may alter pain perception, or contribute to, or exacerbate pain in an older person with frailty. Thirdly, we considered specific implications of pain management for this group of people. From the limited data from the seven included studies, it would appear that the presence of pain is higher in older people with frailty compared with people characterized as pre-frail or not frail. Thus older people reporting pain are more likely to be frail. However, a lack of prospective data precludes inferences about the direction of the relationship: that is whether pain or frailty is the antecedent. Further research is needed to understand the direction of the relationship, and to identify appropriate pain management strategies for older people with frailty.

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