The first ambulatory screening on thromboembolism: a multicentre, cross-sectional, observational study on risk factors for venous thromboembolism

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia was 25,80% in 2013 found in people aged above 18 years old. One of the risk factors is obesity. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the demographical characteristic and central obesity with the risk of hypertension in the health center of Sidoarjo. Methods: This analytical observational study design was cross sectional. There were 50 respondents selected through accidental sampling. The independent variables of this study were respondents’ characteristic and central obesity status. However, the dependent variable was hypertension. Overall, respondents were divided into two groups based on sex (female and male) and age (> 59 years old and ≤ 59 years old). Data were analyzed with chi-square statistical analysis. Results: Respondents with central obesity had a higher risk to get hypertension, with majority male respondents aged above 59 years old. Conclusion: There was a correlation between age and hypertension (p = 0,01), sex and hypertension (p = 0,04), also between central obesity status and hypertension (p = 0,01).

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Venous thromboembolism in the critically ill: A prospective observational study of occurrence, risk factors and outcome

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/aas.13316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 630-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sigrid Beitland ◽

Henning Wimmer ◽

Torleif Lorentsen ◽

Dag Jacobsen ◽

Tomas Drægni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Observational Study ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Prospective Observational Study

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Assessment of drug utilization pattern and risk factors for the development of diabetic neuropathy among type 2 diabetic patients in a south Indian hospital: A cross-sectional observational study

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.7324/japs.2019.91210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 69-77

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Observational Study ◽

Diabetic Neuropathy ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Utilization Pattern ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

South Indian ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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EPICARDIALADIPOSE TISSUE THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS.

10.36106/ijsr/7204496 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 26-28

Author(s):

Jayanta Saha ◽

Kuntal Bhattacharyya ◽

Shravan Kumar ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Observational Study ◽

Sample Size ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional

INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of several cardiovascular risk factors, and is defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria (2001) or the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria (2005). 1, 2The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies between 24.6 - 41% in different parts of Indian subcontinent and based on different criteria for metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVES To assess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness by echocardiography in patients with metabolic syndrome, and find out if there is any association between EAT thickness and different cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India among patients attending the Medicine and Cardiology out-patient department (OPD) during the study period of six months from May 2018 to October 2018. Patients satisfying the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome as per the IDF criteria (2005) were included in the study, as there are separate cut off points for waist circumference for South Asian population. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Single centre study in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Participants: Initially 450 patients with metabolic syndrome as per International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria (2005) were screened. Patients having age above 65 years, deranged liver/renal function, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, malignancy, pregnancy, ascitis, poor echo window, history of endocrine disorders like Cushing Syndrome, glucocorticoid use, having any acute illness and those not giving consent were excluded. Final sample size was 397. For defining the normal EAT thickness in this geographic region, 50 age and gender matched healthy volunteers without any conventional cardiovascular risk factors (except age in some cases) acted as controls. Study period was six months. RESULT The mean value of EAT thickness in the control group was 2.97 (± 0.86) mm, hence the upper reference limit of EAT thickness in this study was taken as more than mean + 2SD, i.e. 4.69mm. Mean EAT thickness in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome was 5.48 ± 0.83 mm, which was significantly increased compared to controls. Taking 4.69mm as cut off, it was seen that 311 (78.34%) patients had increased EAT thickness >4.69mm. CONCLUSION Further studies with larger sample size and longitudinal design are required to establish the ability of EAT thickness to predict cardiovascular risk.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors for diabetic retinopathy at first ophthalmological contact

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i8.36430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 118-124

Author(s):

Bhavkaran Singh ◽

Prempal Kaur ◽

Jaspreet Singh ◽

Parveen Grang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Observational Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is now considered as a growing global public health concern due to cost associated with diabetic micro and macrovascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Accurate estimation of prevalence of DR among diabetic patients and associated risk factors are of crucial importance to plan and execute preventive strategies in the community. Aims and Objectives: The present cross sectional hospital based observational study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of DR in diabetic patients at their first ophthalmological contact and toevaluate associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional hospital based observational study, all diabetic patients visiting ophthalmology clinic for the first time after being diagnosed as diabetic were enrolled. After recording demographic data and biochemical findings, each patient was investigated for DR and correlated with associated risk factors. Results: Of 1699 patients, majority (68.9%) of them had come to ophthalmology clinic with complaint of decreased vision. Only 16.12 % (274) patients had been referred for retinal exam by treating physician. DR was prevalent in 242(16.98%) non-referred and 31(11.31%) referred patients. Mean age and mean duration of diabetes was significantly higher in non-referred patients. Vision threatening DR was also significantly higher in nonreferred patients. Prevalence of DR was significantly correlated with age at presentation, duration of diabetes, rural background, uncontrolled diabetes, systolic blood pressure and high BMI. Conclusion: Low referral by treating physician and lack of awareness among patient accounts for late presentation of diabetic patients to ophthalmologist. Beyond just developing strategies to promote screening programs for early detection and management of DR, education of the patients,comprehensive planning and coordination between ophthalmologist and physician can go a long way to decrease the economic and social burden of preventable blindness due to diabetic retinopathy.

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healthcareCOVID: a national cross-sectional observational study identifying risk factors for developing suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in UK healthcare workers

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10891 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10891

Author(s):

Justin Kua ◽

Reshma Patel ◽

Eveliina Nurmi ◽

Sarah Tian ◽

Harpreet Gill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Observational Study ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Composite Endpoint ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Primary Composite Endpoint ◽

Frequency Of Contact ◽

Regular Contact

Objective To establish the prevalence, risk factors and implications of suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among healthcare workers in the United Kingdom (UK). Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting UK-based primary and secondary care. Participants Healthcare workers aged ≥18 years working between 1 February and 25 May 2020. Main outcome measures A composite endpoint of laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, or self-isolation or hospitalisation due to suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Results Of 6,152 eligible responses, the composite endpoint was present in 1,806 (29.4%) healthcare workers, of whom 49 (0.8%) were hospitalised, 459 (7.5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 1,776 (28.9%) reported self-isolation. Overall, between 11,870 and 21,158 days of self-isolation were required by the cohort, equalling approximately 71 to 127 working days lost per 1,000 working days. The strongest risk factor associated with the presence of the primary composite endpoint was increasing frequency of contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases without adequate personal protective equipment (PPE): ‘Never’ (reference), ‘Rarely’ (adjusted odds ratio 1.06, (95% confidence interval: [0.87–1.29])), ‘Sometimes’ (1.7 [1.37–2.10]), ‘Often’ (1.84 [1.28–2.63]), ‘Always’ (2.93, [1.75–5.06]). Additionally, several comorbidities (cancer, respiratory disease, and obesity); working in a ‘doctors’ role; using public transportation for work; regular contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients; and lack of PPE were also associated with the presence of the primary endpoint. A total of 1,382 (22.5%) healthcare workers reported lacking access to PPE items while having clinical contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusions Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 was more common in healthcare workers than in the general population and is associated with significant workforce implications. Risk factors included inadequate PPE, which was reported by nearly a quarter of healthcare workers. Governments and policymakers must ensure adequate PPE is available as well as developing strategies to mitigate risk for high-risk healthcare workers during future COVID-19 waves.

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