Cuba: From “Dollarization” to “Euroization” or “Peso Reconsolidation”?

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Archibald R. M. Ritter ◽  
Nicholas Rowe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Cuban Government ◽  
The U.S

AbstractSince its “depenalization” in 1993, the U.S. dollar has become possibly a more significant component of Cuba's money supply than the old peso. What are the alternatives? The euro seems inappropriate, given the inevitability of eventual normalization of relations with the United States. More advantageous would be to restore the Cuban peso, though this would involve unifying the bifurcated economic structure and the dual monetary and exchange rate systems. The Cuban government has yet to announce its plans. This study argues that an appropriate mix of exchange rate, monetary, fiscal, and income or wage and salary policies should support a rehabilitation of the Cuban peso.

scholarly journals Dynamic Interrelationships between the U.S. Agricultural Trade Balance and the Macroeconomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungho Baek ◽  
Won W. Koo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The U.S

The effects of the exchange rate and the income and money supply of the United States and its major trading partners on the U.S. agricultural trade balance are examined using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Results suggest that the exchange rate is the key determinant of the short- and long-run behavior of the trade balance. It is also found that the income and money supply in both the United States and the trading partners have significant impacts on U.S. agricultural trade in both the short and long run.

scholarly journals A A comparative study of urban occupational structures: Brazil and United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Clauber Scherer ◽  
Pedro Vasconcelos Maia do Amaral ◽  
David Folch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The One ◽  
The U.S

This paper compares the occupational structure of cities in Brazil and United States aiming to evaluate the extent to which the economic structure of these urban agglomerations is associated with the different stages of development, specifically when comparing a rich country with a developing one. Using a harmonized occupational database and microdata from the Brazilian 2010 Demographic Census and the U.S. American Community Survey (2008-2012), results show that Brazilian cities have a stronger connection between population size, both with occupational structure and human capital distribution, than the one found for cities in the United States. These findings suggest a stronger primacy of large cities in Brazil’s urban network and a more unequal distribution of economic activity across cities when compared to USA, indicating a strong correlation between development and occupational structure.

Book Reviews

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150-1155
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Jewish Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Simon Kuznets ◽  
The U.S

Barry R. Chiswick of George Washington University reviews, “Jewish Economies: Development and Migration in America and Beyond. Volume 1. The Economic Life of American Jewry” by Simon Kuznets and “Jewish Economies: Development and Migration in America and Beyond. Volume 2. Comparative Perspectives on Jewish Migration” by Simon Kuznets. The EconLit Abstract of the first reviewed work begins: “Three papers present Simon Kuznets's previously unpublished scholarship on Jewish economic history in the United States. Papers discuss economic structure and life of the Jews; economic structure of the U.S. Jewish population-recent trends; and economic growth of the U.S. Jewish population.” The EconLit Abstract of the second reviewed work begins: “Three previously published papers examine Jewish migration. Papers discuss immigration and the foreign born; Israel's economic development; and immigration of Russian Jews to the United States-background and structure. Index.”

U.S.-China Exchange Rate Negotiation: Stakeholders' Participation and Strategy Deployment

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Yixuan Cao ◽  
Yong Cao ◽  
Rashmi Prasad ◽  
Zhengping Shen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negotiation Strategy ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The U.S

Exchange rates influence a country's trading capability, foreign reserves and competitiveness. Recently, the exchange rate between the Chinese RMB and the U.S. dollar has been a contentious issue in both the United States and China. In this paper, we conduct a historical review of how the United States deployed negotiation strategies with China on the exchange rate issue and consider the degree to which it follows theoretical expectations. We then analyze the changing nature of the factors which shape exchange rate negotiations between the two nations in projecting alternative scenarios for the future of conflict resolution between the U.S. and China on this issue. We predict that the U.S. is likely to continue alternating between competition and collaboration, a negotiation cycle influenced by U.S. domestic politics, and China is less likely to continue with accommodation and compromise. The sequencing and timing of each nation's negotiation strategy will lead to widely divergent consequences for the management of exchange rates and the world economy.

scholarly journals The Renminbi Exchange Rate Reform and Its Implications for Asian Markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 485-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamoto Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Special Drawing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The U.S

Up until now, the Renminbi (RMB) reform has been progressing gradually. With the RMB becoming a Special Drawing Right (SDR) component currency, China’s monetary policies will exert significant influence on the international marketplace. The year 2014 witnessed the weakening of the RMB against the U.S. dollar, yet thanks to China’s prudent economic policies, the RMB stopped depreciating further and remained quite stable for the first half of 2015, which benefited not only China itself, but also the United States, Japan, and other Asian economies. Asian markets used to be strongly influenced by the U.S. monetary policy and the performance of the U.S. dollar. However, since the RMB devaluation against U.S. dollar in the summer of 2015, Asian markets have been inclined to move in accordance with the market information from China rather than that from the United States. Although the RMB is not a currency like the euro that has been adopted by a number of countries, it can still exert great impacts on emerging economies in the world. For the RMB to take hold globally, improved fundamentals in emerging economies, an easing in the influence of the RMB-USD exchange rate, and a healthy financial system in China are all necessary. Meanwhile, both China and the United States need to enhance their coordination on macroeconomic policies and guarantee the stability of RMB-USD exchange rate.

scholarly journals Korean migration to North America: some prices that matter

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Han ◽  
Peter Ibbott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Exchange Rate Movements ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Korean Immigration ◽  
The U.S

The empirical migration literature has emphasized the role that differences in the return to human capital play in the migration decision. In this paper, we argue that many migrants are also concerned with differences in the return to the financial capital that they bring with them. One testable implication of the theory is that depreciation in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar should cause some migrants to substitute Canada for the United States as their destination of choice. Using data on Korean immigration to Canada and the United States, we estimate a regression model to test this hypothesis. The statistical evidence strongly supports a conclusion that exchange rate movements can cause some migrants to substitute destinations.

The United States in Cuban Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Eduar Barbosa Caro ◽  
Camila Andrea Granados Pérez ◽  
María Emma Jiménez Esguerra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cuban Government ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
News Events ◽  
News Headlines ◽  
The U.S

This chapter sets out to examine Granma newspaper's representation of the U.S. in its news contents published from March 2010 to December 2018. Based on a content analysis of 989 headlines collected from the tabloid's Internet archives, the chapter answers the following research questions (1) which frames are dominantly used in news headlines related to the United States, (2) how these frames vary with time, and (3) which concepts or terms appear most frequently in the corpus of headlines. The results of the study reveal that Granma newspaper exhibits various forms of anti-Americanism in its issues. It constantly portrays the U.S. as an interventionist/imperialist power that should be blamed for the economic, educational, and housing difficulties in Cuba. The newspaper tends to constantly highlight serious inconsistency between some positive Cuban government declarations about Cuba's relations with the U.S. It equally mostly uses the conflict frame in its coverage of U.S. news events. The chapter thus argues that U.S. news in Granma's columns is constantly slanted according to some psychological biases, two of which include the us vs. them and the capitalists vs. communists. Furthermore, the newspaper constantly uses voices from experts, organizations, or authorities to suggest that lifting the blockade is a matter of utmost urgency that depends entirely on the U.S. Government's decisions.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Exchange Rate Pass-Through in China, Eurozone and the U.S.: A Vector Error Correction Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Sheng Xu ◽  
Hailun Zhang ◽  
Said Atri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The U.S

This study examines the pass-through effect of fluctuations in the exchange rate on inflation in China in comparison with similar effects in the Eurozone and the United States. Using a set of monthly data covering the period 1999 through 2015 for each case, we constructed a Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model as well as an Error Correction model (VECM) to estimate the pass-through effects in the three cases. In addition, to ensure that our results are statistically unbiased we also tested the stationarity of the variables of the model. Moreover, to distinguish between the short-run and long-run pass-through effects, we made use of a series of co-integration tests. Our results indicate that the pass-through effect of changes in the exchange rate in China is much weaker than it is in the Eurozone and the United States. We found this effect in the U.S. to be both more notable and longer-lasting.

Langdon Cheves and the Panic of 1819: A Reassessment

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin J. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
The United States ◽  
Excess Reserves ◽  
Panic Of 1819 ◽  
The U.S

Langdon Cheves's role as president of the Second Bank of the United States (1819–1822) warrants reassessment. First, he did not save the bank from threatened failure, since it was, in truth, already sound. Second, he was irresponsible in accumulating huge excess reserves during the depression year of 1820; reserves estimated here as sufficient to support an increase of up to 17 percent in the volume of notes and deposits in the U.S. money supply.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Tukar Dollar Amerika Serikat Terhadap Rupiah Tahun 2000–2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
Rizki Rahma Kusumadewi ◽  
Wahyu Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Arch Model ◽  
United States Dollar ◽  
The Exchange Rate

Exchange rate is one tool to measure a country’s economic conditions. The growth of a stable currency value indicates that the country has a relatively good economic conditions or stable. This study has the purpose to analyze the factors that affect the exchange rate of the Indonesian Rupiah against the United States Dollar in the period of 2000-2013. The data used in this study is a secondary data which are time series data, made up of exports, imports, inflation, the BI rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the money supply (M1) in the quarter base, from first quarter on 2000 to fourth quarter on 2013. Regression model time series data used the ARCH-GARCH with ARCH model selection indicates that the variables that significantly influence the exchange rate are exports, inflation, the central bank rate and the money supply (M1). Whereas import and GDP did not give any influence.

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