Political Parties and Governors as Determinants of Legislative Behavior in Brazil's Chamber of Deputies, 1988–2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Cheibub ◽  
Argelina Figueiredo ◽  
Fernando Limongi
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legislative Behavior ◽  
Legislative Voting ◽  
Institutional Influences ◽  
Voting Decisions ◽  
Local Pressures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

AbstractThis article examines the relative importance of regional and national forces in shaping the behavior of Brazilian legislators at the national level. A widely held view is that national legislators respond to state pressures in making decisions, rather than pressures from the national government. Governors not only can influence national debates but also can determine outcomes by exerting control over their states' legislative delegations. This article examines a dataset of all roll-call votes in the Chamber of Deputies between 1989 and 2006 to isolate and evaluate the impact of local pressures on legislative voting. Spanning the terms of five presidents and five different congresses, the data show that the local influence is weaker than the national on the voting decisions of individual legislators and the voting cohesion of state delegations. Alternative institutional resources allow the central government to counteract the centrifugal pressures of federalism and other institutional influences.

How fast GST is moving the Indian FMCG sector: Empirical Study

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Mr. Arun Gautam ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Lodha ◽  
Dr. Rohit Bansal ◽  
Dr.) M.L. Vadera
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Impact

GST is one of the most critical tax reforms in India which has been long awaiting decision. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of State and Central Governments and whole economy into seamless nation in national market. GST will be a game changing reform for Indian economy by developing a common Indian market and reducing the combined effect of tax on the cost of goods and services. GST is a consumption based tax imposed on sale, manufacturing and consumption on goods & services at national level. Several taxes such as central excise duty, service tax, central surcharge and cess etc. imposed by Central Government and VAT / sales tax, entertainment tax, octroi & entry tax, purchase tax, luxury tax, taxes on lottery etc. levied by State Governments have been subsumed under GST. The FMCG sector of India composes more than 50 % of the food and beverage industry and another 30 % from personal and household care. Under the proposed GST system, it is expected that it would result in a simpler tax system, especially for industries like FMCG. Under this system, a single product would be taxed at the same rate in every corner of the country meaning that an cooler will be taxed the same in Madhya Pradesh as well as Kerala thus we also refer GST as ONE NATION ONE TAX. This paper will help to present that, what is the impact of GST after its implementation; analyze the influence of GST on FMCG sector.

scholarly journals Participation as Public Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Brelàz
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Participation Mechanisms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Participatory Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

Brazil has been the locus for the implementation of various participatory tools and spaces after the period of democratization and promulgation of the 1988 Constitution. Many studies have been carried out to discuss the importance of these spaces and, more recently, the quality of participation and the impact on strengthening democracy (Avritzer, 2009; Dagnino, 2011; Lavalle, 2011). In May 2014, Decree 8.243 of the Presidency of the Republic sought to establish the National Social Participation Policy (NSPP) and the National Social Participation System (NSPS), with the objective of consolidating participation as a method of government through the organization of forums and social participation and other existing mechanisms in the federal government. The decree generated controversy and discussion in the media and by the Chamber of Deputies. The creation of a national social participation policy in 2014 represented an innovation that must be studied in depth, raising its potential and limitations. Based on the literature review, this article aims to: (i) present the trajectory of NSPP (ii) and analyze the attempt to institutionalize NPSP through the lens of Scott's regulatory, normative and cognitive pillars (2001, 2008), in order to identify and characterize the variables that influenced the process. The regulatory, normative and cultural cognitive pillars emerge from a refinement of institutional theory and contribute in an important way to the systematization of institutional analysis. Analyzing from the pillars' point of view, it is possible to say that the decree was the regulating pillar of institutionalization. However, there were opposing normative and cultural cognitive variables that culminated in its non-approval in the Chamber of Deputies and in not institutionalizing this public policy. This study aimed to show how regulatory, normative and cultural-cognitive elements worked together and materialized through different variables that impacted the NSPP non-institutionalization, contributing to understand the challenges that exist in the creation of a social participation policy, the fragility of some participation mechanisms in Brazil and the tension between participatory democracy and representative democracy. In the future, more analysis must be carried out to better understand the institutionalization of a participatory policy and system at the national level, taking into account new existent bills that deal with the subject.

Issue Advertising and Legislative Voting on the Affordable Care Act

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Molly E. Reynolds ◽  
Richard L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Legislative Behavior ◽  
Endogeneity Bias ◽  
Legislative Voting ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Voting Decisions

During the congressional fight over the Affordable Care Act (ACA), interest groups spent record sums on television issue advertising in targeted efforts to influence members of Congress, but did the money make any difference? We use the literatures on outside lobbying and legislative behavior to develop two hypotheses about issue advertising’s effects on members’ voting decisions. We test the hypotheses using population-weighted, station-level advertising data mapped into congressional districts. We find negligible evidence that issue advertising had a causal effect on either House committee or floor votes on the ACA, even applying forgiving statistical standards. Neither do we find evidence when we ignore the endogeneity bias that should inflate advertising’s effects, employ alternative measures and specifications, or limit the analysis to legislators for whom the probability of vote change was highest. The results justify skepticism that the millions of advertising dollars spent on the ACA had a net effect on members’ voting decisions. In conclusion, we consider several reasons why our hypotheses are not borne out and suggest several avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Pandemic; Recession, Virtual Revolution Leading to De-globalization?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Sułkowski
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective: The article is an attempt to make a diagnosis about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on global trends, including organizational processes in enterprises, and challenges for organization leaders in many areas. Issues such as recession phase in which the economy will find itself, de-globalization and the increase in virtualization of both the economy and entire societies are discussed in the article.Methodology: The research method is a review of the literature, not very extensive, on the subject. There is a lack of research on social and cultural consequences of Covid-19 pandemics, and at the same time we are experiencing a flood of media information. The author is aware that impact assessment is subject to uncertainty and that it must be multidimensional.Findings: The review of the literature, as well as reports from financial institutions, show that the economies of individual countries are entering a phase of stagnation and recession. This will probably lead to a global recession. The text indicates the sectors and types of enterprises that will be most affected by the changes. The article proves that governments’ attitude to health care functions may change, as well as the role of states and international financial institutions. Virtualization of communication seems to be an important change. It is difficult to answer the question whether a pandemic will affect globalization or de-globalization, government decisions at national level are significant, but they draw from international experience.Value Added: The article becomes an important voice on the impact of a pandemic on the functioning of the economy and globalization.Recommendations: A question was posed demanding further analyses: whether strengthening the central government would mean de-globalization tendencies. It seems that the virtualization of social and economic life will continue after the pandemic expires, which needs to be confirmed. The impact of the pandemic on the world should be the subject of many research studies in the future.

scholarly journals The Influence of Interest Groups on State Legislative Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 233-258
Author(s):  
Shannon Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
State Level ◽  
Campaign Contributions ◽  
Legislative Behavior ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Congressional Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Legislative

Research shows the influence of campaign contributions on congressional behavior is infrequent, but more pronounced in certain situations and for certain types of legislators. But it is unclear if these theories apply at the state level. This study examines the impact of campaign contributions in three state legislatures; results show group contributions impact roll call voting in a significant minority of cases and significant relationships are more likely for business and labor contributions, as at the national level. However, the analysis also shows there is variation in the pattern of influence across the states, which is not related to issue salience in all states.

Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. 505-527
Author(s):  
Daniela Giannetti ◽  
Andrea Pedrazzani
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Party System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Party Government ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

This essay examines speechmaking activity in the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 1996 to 2018. Such a period covers almost entirely the phase called the “Second Republic” following a radical change in the electoral rules and the party system that Italy experienced in the early 1990s. Our analysis of the determinants of speechmaking activity shows that the small percentage of MPs holding leading positions within and for their party in the legislative and executive arena (e.g., committee chairs, parliamentary party groups’ leaders, ministers) do speak more in parliament. Our results largely confirm the hypothesis that, in systems where party government is predominant, floor access is strictly controlled by political parties. This hypothesis receives further support from the analysis carried out in the section of this chapter examining the impact of different electoral incentives on speechmaking activity.

scholarly journals Constituency Preferences and Committee Selection in the Mexican Cámara de Diputados

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (04) ◽  
pp. 95-117
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Raymond ◽  
Sergio Bárcena Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Legislative Committees ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Committee Assignments ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

ABSTRACTPrevious research examining selection to legislative committees has assumed that the impact of constituency preferences on committee assignments is due to the incentives for individual legislators to use their committee seats to increase their personal chances of re-election. Examining the case of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies (where legislators were, until recently, barred from re-election), this study argues that the impact of constituency preferences on selection to committees also occurs because parties have incentives for their members to use committee assignments to increase the party’s chances of being re-elected. Analysis of assignments to 11 committees over 4 legislative terms provides support for the argument. These findings reinforce previous research arguing that concerns with constituency representation and its impact on re-election also apply to political parties and not solely to individual legislators.

Pengaruh Budaya Terhadap Akuntansi, Auditing Dan Praktik Akuntansi Internasional

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Priyastiwi Priyastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
National Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Financial Disclosure ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to provide the basic model of Hofstede and Grays’ cultural values that relates the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s accounting value. This article reviews some studies that prove the model and develop the research in the future. There are some evidences that link the Hofstede’s cultural values studies with the auditor’s judgment and decisions by developing a framework that categorizes the auditor’s judgments and decisions are most likely influenced by cross-cultural differences. The categories include risk assessment, risk decisions and ethical judgments. Understanding the impact of cultural factors on the practice of accounting and financial disclosure is important to achieve the harmonization of international accounting. Deep understanding about how the local values may affect the accounting practices and their impacts on the financial disclosure are important to ensure the international comparability of financial reporting. Gray’s framework (1988) expects how the culture may affect accounting practices at the national level. One area of the future studies will examine the impact of cultural dimensions to the values of accounting, auditing and decision making. Key word : Motivation, leadership style, job satisfaction, performance

Income and Life Quality of Farmer Households Suffering Social Exclusion

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Anh Mai Ngoc ◽  
Ha Do Thi Hai ◽  
Huyen Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

This study uses descriptive statistical method to analyze the income and life qual- ity of 397 farmer households who are suffering social exclusion in an economic aspect out of a total of 725 households surveyed in five Northern provinces of Vietnam in 2010. The farmers’ opinions of the impact of the policies currently prac- ticed by the central government and local authorities to give them access to the labor market are also analyzed in this study to help management officers see how the poli- cies affect the beneficiaries so that they can later make appropriate adjustments.

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