Distribution of Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes in Water Samples in Portugal: A Preliminary Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (s1) ◽  
pp. S24-S25 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARIDA ALVES ◽  
ANA M. RIBEIRO ◽  
CÉLIA NETO ◽  
ELISABETE FERREIRA ◽  
MARIA J. BENOLIEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Moving beyond classical markers of water quality: detection of enteric viruses and genotoxicity in water of the Sinos River

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2 suppl) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Bergamaschi ◽  
MT Rodrigues ◽  
JVS Silva ◽  
M Kluge ◽  
RB Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Quality Detection ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Waterborne Viruses ◽  
Different Levels

<p>It is well recognized that the classical biological and chemical markers of environmental pollution do not necessarily indicate the presence or absence of emerging threats to public health, such as waterborne viruses and genotoxicants. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the presence of material of enteroviruses (EV), rotavirus (RV) and adenovirus (AdV) and genotoxicity in water samples from points of routine monitoring of water quality in the main course of the Sinos River. The points are classified into different levels of pollution in accordance to the Brazilian federal regulations. Viral genomes from EV, AdV were detected in two of the 4 collection points regardless of the level of urbanisation of the surrounding areas. In contrast, genotoxicity was not observed in piava (<italic>Leporinus obtusidens</italic>) fingerlings cultivated on these same water samples. Results were compared with classical physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. There was no clear evidence of association between any of the classical markers and the presence of viral genomes in the water samples tested.</p>

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes distribution in river water in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Mahmoudi ◽  
E. Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad ◽  
B. Kazemi ◽  
A. Haghighi ◽  
A. Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Little is known about the diversity and public health significance of Cryptosporidium species in river waters in Iran. In the present study, we determined the genotype and subtype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in river water samples in Iran. A total of 49 surface water samples were collected from rivers and surface water in Guilan and Tehran provinces during 2009–2010. Water samples were filtrated through a 1.2-μm pore size membrane filter or by Filta-Max filter followed by immunomagnetic separation or sucrose purification methods. Genotype and subtype of Cryptosporidium were identified by sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes, respectively. A total of 24 (48.97%) water samples were positive for Cryptosporidium species by the 18sRNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing technique. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of five species of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum, C. hominis, C. muris, C. andersoni, and C. canis) in the water samples of the study area and, to our knowledge, the first report of C. muris in Iran. The results of GP60 gene analysis showed that all C. parvum and C. hominis isolates belonged to the IId and Id subtype families, respectively. The investigated river water supplies were heavily contaminated by pathogenic species of Cryptosporidium from humans and livestock. There is potential risk of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters and Phytoplankton of Chiffa River (Blida, Algeria)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fella Hamaidi-Chergui ◽  
Mohamed Brahim Errahmani ◽  
Fatouma Benouaklil ◽  
Mohand Said Hamaidi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
North West ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Monthly Variations

The present study was carried out to determine the monthly variations of physico-chemical parameters in water samples from Chiffa river at Blida, North West of Algeria from April to August 2006. Water samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and the results showed their monthly variations as follows: pH 7.5-7.6, electrical conductivity 0.87–1.06 mS·cm−1, nitrate 0–7.00 mg·L−1, nitrite 0–0.28 mg·L−1, ammonia 0–0.03 mg·L−1, phosphate 0–0.94 mg·L−1, sodium 19.3–47.0 mg·L−1, chloride 35.7–52.0 mg·L−1, calcium 90.3–104.7 mg·L−1, magnesium 27.3–37.7 mg·L−1, organic matter 0.4–3.9 mg·L−1, chlorophyll a 0.7–132.3 mg·L−1, and bicarbonate 219.3–248.7 mg·L−1. The analyzed physico-chemical parameters were almost not exceeded the maximum permissible limit of WHO and Algerian Water Quality Guidelines. A total of 53 taxa belonging to 4 divisions have been identified, including Chlorophyta (52.83% of taxa), Bacillariophyta (28.30%), Cyanophyceae (16.98%), and Charophyta (1.89%).

The use of IL-6 induction as a human biomarker for inflammatory agents in water

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Pool ◽  
C. Jagals ◽  
J.H. van Wyk ◽  
P. Jagals
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Major Increase ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
System Water

A rapid whole blood culture (WBC) assay system was developed to monitor the inflammatory potential of water samples collected in the Manguang Municipal area, South Africa. Several systems associated with the Modder River catchment area were investigated in this preliminary study to find out whether there were potential problems in this catchment area. Three focus areas were investigated: (a) the impact of the Klein Modder River, which passes through a densely populated residential area, on the inflammatory activity of the Modder River; (b) the efficiency of the treatment plants in eliminating inflammatory activity; and (c) the efficiency of chlorination of treated water in eliminating inflammatory activity that was not eliminated by the treatment system. Water contaminated with inflammatory substances induced the pro-inflammatory hormone interleukin 6 (IL-6). All water samples collected from the Modder River induced IL-6 secretion, and the quantity of IL-6 secreted was dependent on the concentration and origin of the sample. The lowest IL-6 inducing activity for river water was obtained for samples collected near the origin of the river (Rustfontein). Samples at subsequent points downstream from confluence with the Klein Modder River showed a major increase in IL-6 inducing activity. The two treatment plants along the Modder River also received water of different inflammatory activity. Both treatment plants eliminated some of the inflammatory activity during processing, however inflammatory residues remained after processing which might have been potentially harmful for infants and people with suppressed immune systems. Chlorination eliminated most of the inflammatory activity, indicating that chlorination of water was a necessary process in ensuring water of low inflammatory content.

scholarly journals Modified Screen-Printed Electrode for Determination of Imidacloprid in Water Samples: A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Azrilawani Ahmad ◽  
Nur Anis Zafirah Zainordin ◽  
Nur Amira Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Reduction Peak ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayer ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Screen Printed

A preliminary assessment of a simple and rapid electrochemical method was carried out to analyse imidacloprid (IMI) in water samples using cyclic voltammetry (CV) based on modified screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE). Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was optimized using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) with several parameters such as scan rates, type of supporting electrolyte, and pH of the supporting electrolyte. The modified SPGE showed high suppressed current against the potential due to the formation of a monolayer on the electrode surface. Surface morphology of the electrode was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirming that 11-MUA was present on the modified SPGE. The water samples were collected from GM Peladang, Kuala Terengganu and two locations at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Method detection limit was expressed as limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for modified SPGE which were calculated at 3.784 and 12.613 mg/L in water samples, respectively. This study showed that the reduction peak current observed on the modified electrode was lower compared with oxidation peak current. Hence, gold is unsuitable for IMI detection.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE AEROBIC HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA AND THE MICROBIAL INDICATORS IN JAKARTA BAY

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Soeminarti S. Thayib ◽  
Flor Soehadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbial Indicators ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Preliminary Study

The distribution of heterotrophic bacteria and microbial indicators in the Jakarta Bay were studied. Higher frequency of occurrences of the total coliform were observed in water samples collected near rivermouths or in the vicinity of islands. Lower frequency of occurrences of total coliform were obtained from samples collected from the far northern side of the Bay. The isolated strains belong to the genera Achromobacter, Vibrio, Flavobacteria, Micrococcus and coliforms. Micrococcus and coliforms were mostly obtained from samples collected at stations which are suspected to be highly influenced by human activities. The presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus-like organisms were also determined. Occurrences of the genera varied unpredictably but were mostly within the six genera mentioned.

Preliminary Study on Dissolved and Colloidal Organic Carbon in Tidal Creek of Chongming Dongtan

2011 ◽  
Vol 317-319 ◽  
pp. 2436-2439
Author(s):  
Wen Dan Huang ◽  
Xiang Min Zheng ◽  
Li Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tidal Creek ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Tidal Creeks ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

Water samples were collected in the northern, eastern and southern tidal creeks of Chongming Dongtan in January, 2009. The samples were passed through 0.45μm pore size GF/C glass fiber membrane and colloid was isolated by mini tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFF) with ultrafiltration membrane pore-size of 1kD (1kD=1 000 Daltons). Then the content of organic carbon was tested by TOC II. Results show that the contents of dissolved and colloidal organic carbon (DOC and COC) in the northern creek are higher than the eastern and southern tidal creeks of Chongming Dongtan, and the concentration of DOC decreased from high tidal flat to low tidal flat. Hydrodynamic and vegetation are the important factors to affect the content of COC in tidal creek water of Chongming Dongtan.

Multielement analysis of fingernail, scalp hair and water samples from Egypt (a preliminary study)

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kasperek ◽  
G.V. Iyengar ◽  
L.E. Feinendegen ◽  
S. Hashish ◽  
M. Mahfouz
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Multielement Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Study
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