Visceral fat thickness determined using ultrasonography is associated with anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND: Obese children and adolescents are more prone to have metabolic syndrome (MS).MS is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance. Body round index [BRI], visceral adiposity index [VAI] and a body shape index [ABSI] are among the new obesity anthropometric parameters. AIM: To evaluate the new markers for obesity in children and their possible association with other laboratory and clinical variables of MS. METHODS: Eighty nine obese children and 40 controls aged 10-18 years were recruited. Full history taking, thorough clinical examination, anthropometric and biochemical features were performed in the studied groups. Subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and visceral fat thickness (VFT) were estimated by ultrasonography. RESULTS: Obese children, exhibited significantly higher values in all anthropometric measurements (P < 0.001). Diastolic and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the obese group. ABSI, BRI and VAI have been found to be significantly higher in obese subjects (P < 0.001), with no significant gender difference. BMI, WHtR, WC/HR, SBP, DBP, subcutaneous fat thickness and visceral fat thickness, Liver Span, ABSI, BRI, VAI and HOMA_IR were significantly higher among children with MS than those without MS. Positive significant correlations of VAI with BMI, WC/Ht, WC/Hip, SBP, DBP, SFT, VFT, Liver size and HOMA-IR (r = 0.384, 0.239, 0.268, 0.329, 0.516, 0.320, 0.254, 0.251, and 0.278 respectively) are shown. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of BMI, VAI, ABSI, BRI for predicting MS was 0.802 (0.701-0.902), 0.737 (0.33-0.841), 0.737 (0.620-0.855), 0.816 (0.698-0.934). CONCLUSION: We suggest using the VAI and WHtR indexes, as they are better predictor of MS.

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Sonographic Measurement of Visceral Fat Thickness as a Correlate of Existing Metabolic Syndrome- A Cross-sectional Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46325.14703 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Deep Yadav ◽

Akhilesh Rao ◽

Aneesh Mohimen ◽

Yayati Pimpalwar

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fat Thickness

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a well-known disease of multiple risk factors that has at its core, insulin resistance accompanying abnormal adipose deposition and function. Multiple studies demonstrate a potential relationship between Visceral Fat Thickness (VFT) and metabolic syndrome. Ultrasound provides a radiation free low-cost alternative, which is high reproducible in the quantification of visceral fat and can act as an effective screening modality. The simplicity of the method combined with its objectiveness makes it advantageous for accurate measurement of VFT. Aim: To correlate of sonographic measurement of VFT with existing metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients that underwent ultrasound at the study center between August 2016 to August 2019 and were clinically suspected of suffering from metabolic syndrome at the Endocrinology Outpatient Department (OPD). Collation of data into three categories based on VFT (<7 cm, 7 to 10 cm and >10 cm) was done. The patients in each category underwent further testing and metabolic syndrome was either ruled out or diagnosed. Results: The study cohort comprised of 2022 patients. The VFT ranged between 4 and 16 with a mean value of 10.8 and standard deviation of 2.8. The percentage of patients with metabolic syndrome increased in proportion to the increased VFT. VFT >10 cm was found to have specificity and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 92.52% and 92.53% respectively while VFT <7 cm was found to have a sensitivity and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 95.11% and 95.10%, respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasound seems to be the best screening tool for the assessment of intra-abdominal fat deposition as the number of VFT subjects with metabolic syndrome in Category 1 was higher.

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Impact of Obesity, Visceral Adiposity and Metabolic Syndrome on Male Fertility

Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.21613/gorm.2021.1156 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Esra Bahar GUR ◽

Ebru Sahin GULEC ◽

Sadik INCE ◽

Mehmet Zeynel KESKIN ◽

Ahmet DEMIR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Male Fertility ◽

Sperm Morphology ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Semen Parameters ◽

Anthropometric Indexes ◽

Fat Thickness

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the association between the separate anthropometric indexes including visceral adiposity and metabolic syndrome on male fertility. STUDY DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study, the visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness of 162 participants were measured by ultrasonography. Participants' body mass index, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio were determined. Participants' biochemical metabolic parameters and reproductive hormones were measured and semen parameters were recorded. Participants were divided into groups according to body mass index and different percentiles of the visceral fat thickness. Differences between groups were investigated by One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H, and Pearson Chi-Square test. The relationship between anthropometric measurements and sperm parameters was evaluated by Pearson and Spearman’s rank correlation test. The effect of anthropometric indexes on sperm parameters was evaluated using multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: It was seen that only total testosterone of sex hormones decreased significantly in the obesity group (p=0.003). There was a significant and reverse association between visceral fat thickness with sperm morphology (rho=–0.2, p=0.01). There was no significant correlation between semen parameters and other anthropometric measurements. In multiple regression analysis, the effect of anthropometric measurements, including visceral fat thickness, on semen parameters was not found, but only smoking was found to be a factor affecting sperm concentration, progressive motility, and morphology (p=0.03, p=0.03, and p=0.01). CONCLUSION: In this study, it was shown that increased obesity was associated with low testosterone levels and increased visceral fat was associated with abnormal sperm morphology. More extensive studies are required on this subject.

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Metabolic syndrome and visceral fat thickness in obese adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi47.3.2007.124-9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Lanny C. Gultom ◽

Damayanti R. Sjarif ◽

Evita K. B. Ifran ◽

Partini P. Trihono ◽

Jose R. L. Batubara

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obese Adolescent ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Fat Thickness

Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the long-termconsequences of obesity which can be found in adolescents. MS iscaused by excessive visceral fat accumulation. The visceral fatthickness (VFT) itself can be measured by using waist circumference(WC) measurement and abdominal ultrasonography. Until now,there are no WC and VFT cut-off points to predict MS in childrenand adolescents. This study used MS criteria based on NationalCholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III(NCEP-ATP III) which specifically modified.Objective The objectives of this study are (a) to determine the MSocurrence based on modified NCEP-ATP III in obese adolescents;(b) to measure the VFT by using abdominal ultrasonography in obeseadolescent with MS and obese adolescent without MS.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from March toMay 2006. Fifty obese adolescents were recruited from severaljunior and senior high schools in Jakarta.Results Of those 50 obese adolescents, there were 34 subjects withWC>P 80 and 16 subjects with WC <P 80 . Of those 34 subjectswith WC>P 80 , 17 subjects had MS and the others had no MS. Allthe 16 subjects with WC <P 80 did not have MS. The VFT in 17subjects with WC>P 80 who had MS was 5.19 cm (SD 2.07 cm).The VFT in 17 subjects with WC>P 80 who had no MS was 3.94cm (SD 1.62 cm). The VFT in all 16 subjects with WC <P 80 whodid not have MS was 3.54 cm (SD 0.92 cm). All obese adolescentswith MS had WC>P 80 and they also had visceral fat which wasthicker than obese adolescents without MS.Conclusions All obese adolescents with MS have WC>P 80 andthicker visceral fat than obese adolescents without MS; the VFTof obese adolescents without MS, who had WC>P 80 was 3.94cm (SD 1.62 cm), and the VFT of obese adolescents without MS,who had WC <P 80 was 3.54 cm (SD 0.92 cm).

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