PANEL DISCUSSION: THE ROLE OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

1974 ◽  
Vol 238 (1 Electrically) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
R. O. Becker ◽  
C. D. Cone ◽  
L. F. Jaffe ◽  
V. A. Parsegian ◽  
H. A. Pohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Cellular Level

scholarly journals Polyamines: Functions, Metabolism, and Role in Human Disease Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Narashans Alok Sagar ◽  
Swarnava Tarafdar ◽  
Surbhi Agarwal ◽  
Ayon Tarafdar ◽  
Sunil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Healthy Cell ◽  
Optimum Quantity ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Living Organisms

Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are the important polyamines (PAs), found in all living organisms. PAs are formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids, and they facilitate cell growth and development via different cellular responses. PAs are the integrated part of the cellular and genetic metabolism and help in transcription, translation, signaling, and post-translational modifications. At the cellular level, PA concentration may influence the condition of various diseases in the body. For instance, a high PA level is detrimental to patients suffering from aging, cognitive impairment, and cancer. The levels of PAs decline with age in humans, which is associated with different health disorders. On the other hand, PAs reduce the risk of many cardiovascular diseases and increase longevity, when taken in an optimum quantity. Therefore, a controlled diet is an easy way to maintain the level of PAs in the body. Based on the nutritional intake of PAs, healthy cell functioning can be maintained. Moreover, several diseases can also be controlled to a higher extend via maintaining the metabolism of PAs. The present review discusses the types, important functions, and metabolism of PAs in humans. It also highlights the nutritional role of PAs in the prevention of various diseases.

Role of chromium (III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
R. Iskra ◽  
V. Vlizlo ◽  
R. Fedoruk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

The results of our studies and the data of modern literature regarding the biological role of Cr(III) compounds in conditions of their application in the nutrition for pigs and cattle are discussed. The metabolic impact of Cr(III), coming from different sources – mineral and organic compounds, obtained by chemical synthesis or a nanotechnological method (chromium citrate), as well as in the form of biocomplexes from the cultural medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts was analyzed. The metabolic connection between the impact of Cr(III) and the biosynthesis of some hormones – insulin, cortisol – as well as the sensitivity of some tissues and organs to the effect of chromium compounds was studied. A considerable part of the review material was dedicated to the metabolic effect of Cr(III) compounds on the reproductive function of pigs and cattle and their impact on the viability of the offspring and gametes of animals. The data about the stimulating effect of Cr(III) on the growth and development of the organism of piglets and calves, meat and milk performance of these species of animals are discussed. The relevance of dosing Cr(III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle is highlighted.

Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Insect Attack

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Minireview: Thyroid Hormone Transporters: The Knowns and the Unknowns

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Edward Visser ◽  
Edith C. H. Friesema ◽  
Theo J. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide ◽  
Neurological Abnormalities ◽  
Knockout Animals

The effects of thyroid hormone (TH) on development and metabolism are exerted at the cellular level. Metabolism and action of TH take place intracellularly, which require transport of the hormone across the plasma membrane. This process is mediated by TH transporter proteins. Many TH transporters have been identified at the molecular level, although a few are classified as specific TH transporters, including monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)8, MCT10, and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1C1. The importance of TH transporters for physiology has been illustrated dramatically by the causative role of MCT8 mutations in males with psychomotor retardation and abnormal serum TH concentrations. Although Mct8 knockout animals have provided insight in the mechanisms underlying parts of the endocrine phenotype, they lack obvious neurological abnormalities. Thus, the pathogenesis of the neurological abnormalities in males with MCT8 mutations is not fully understood. The prospects of identifying other transporters and transporter-based syndromes promise an exciting future in the TH transporter field.

scholarly journals Shoot–root carbon allocation, sugar signalling and their coupling with nitrogen uptake and assimilation

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yong-Ling Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Root Carbon ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Sugar Signalling

Roots and shoots are distantly located but functionally interdependent. The growth and development of these two organ systems compete for energy and nutrient resource, and yet, they keep a dynamic balance with each other for growth and development. The success of such a relationship depends on efficient root-shoot communication. Aside from the well-known signalling processes mediated by hormones such as auxin and cytokinin, sugars have recently been shown to act as a rapid signal to co-ordinate root and shoot development in response to endogenous and exogenous clues, in parallel to their function as carbon and energy resources for biomass production. New findings from studies on vascular fluids have provided molecular insights into the role of sugars in long-distance communications between shoot and root. In this review, we discussed phloem- and xylem- translocation of sugars and the impacts of sugar allocation and signalling on balancing root–shoot development. Also, we have taken the shoot–root carbon–nitrogen allocation as an example to illustrate the communication between the two organs through multi-layer root–shoot–root signalling circuits, comprising sugar, nitrogen, cytokinin, auxin and vascular small peptide signals.

scholarly journals Leptin promotes systemic lupus erythematosus by increasing autoantibody production and inhibiting immune regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (38) ◽  
pp. 10637-10642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine V. Lourenço ◽  
Aijing Liu ◽  
Giuseppe Matarese ◽  
Antonio La Cava
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Presentation Of Self ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Autoantibody Production

Leptin is an adipocytokine that plays a key role in the modulation of immune responses and the development and maintenance of inflammation. Circulating levels of leptin are elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but it is not clear whether this association can reflect a direct influence of leptin on the propathogenic events that lead to SLE. To investigate this possibility, we compared the extent of susceptibility to SLE and lupus manifestations between leptin-deficient (ob/ob) and H2-matched leptin-sufficient (wild-type, WT) mice that had been treated with the lupus-inducing agent pristane. Leptin deficiency protected ob/ob mice from the development of autoantibodies and renal disease and increased the frequency of immunoregulatory T cells (Tregs) compared with leptin-sufficient WT mice. The role of leptin in the development of SLE was confirmed in the New Zealand Black (NZB) × New Zealand White (NZW)F1 (NZB/W) mouse model of spontaneous SLE, where elevated leptin levels correlated with disease manifestations and the administration of leptin accelerated development of autoantibodies and renal disease. Conversely, leptin antagonism delayed disease progression and increased survival of severely nephritic NZB/W mice. At the cellular level, leptin promoted effector T-cell responses and facilitated the presentation of self-antigens to T cells, whereas it inhibited the activity of regulatory CD4 T cells. The understanding of the role of leptin in modulating autoimmune responses in SLE can open possibilities of leptin-targeted therapeutic intervention in the disease.

Physiological role of phenolic biostimulants isolated from brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima on plant growth and development

Planta ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 241 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi O. Aremu ◽  
Nqobile A. Masondo ◽  
Kannan R. R. Rengasamy ◽  
Stephen O. Amoo ◽  
Jiří Gruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima
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