Body Fat Content Influences the Body Composition Response to Nutrition and Exercise

2006 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILBERT B. FORBES
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Content

scholarly journals Effect of Eight-Week Training Programme on V02 Max and Body Composition

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Kim Geok SOH ◽  
Ruby HUSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of the study was to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max) and the body fat content in Malaysian national junior netball players and the impact of an eight-week aerobic and strength-training programme on these two variables. A total of 21 netball players (mean age of 16.12±1.55 years old) from Bukit Jalil Sports School were the subjects used. The 12-minute Run was used to determine the V02 max while the body composition was calculated using the skinfold method. Pre-test and post-test results showed significant improvement in the V02 max and body fat content among the netball players. The Z value for the V02 max test was -3.25 (p

scholarly journals Einfluss des nach der TOBEC-Methode bestimmten Fettgehaltes bei Kaninchen auf die Wurfleistungen und die Körperzusammensetzung der Nachkommen

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
A. Lévai ◽  
G. Milisits
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Fat Content

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of selection on body fat content by means of the TOBEC method on some reproductive traits of rabbit does and on the body composition of growing rabbits In this experiment body fat content of Pannon White growing rabbits was determined at 10 weeks of age using an EM-SCAN SA-3152 type Small Animal Body Composition Analyser (TOBEC method). Based on the fat content determined the best and worst 16% of the does and the best and worst 8% of the bucks were chosen and mated with each other (fatty doe with fatty buck and lean doe with lean buck). It was found that the conception rate was significantly higher and the number of inseminations needed for the second kindling significantly lower in the case of fatty rabbits. An important, but not significant difference was observed in the case of total litter size at birth, which decreased in the case of live born litter size. This reason was the significantly higher ratio of the dead born pups in the case of non-fatty rabbits. Due to the higher ratio of total litter loss and suckling mortality in the case of fatty rabbits the litter size at 21 days differed notably, but again not significantly. In the offsprings of the F1 generation it was found that the fat content estimated and also the ratio of scapular and abdominal fat to the live weight calculated differed significantly (P < 0.05) from each other in the two experimental groups. The estimated fat content was 42% higher in the offsprings of fatty than in the offsprings of non-fatty rabbits. The differences in the ratio of the scapular and abdominal fat content to the live weight were 26% and 51%, respectively.

Effect of environmental temperature on hamster body fat composition

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Kodama ◽  
Nello Pace
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Content

Body fat content and the melting point and fatty acid composition of body fat of hamsters exposed to 35, 27, 20, 15, 10, and 6 C for 2 weeks were determined. The relationship between exposure temperature and body fat content and composition resembled that between environmental temperature and metabolic rate. Below the critical temperature, there was a progressive decrease in total body fat content and melting point accompanied by a decrease in the mole fraction of palmitic acid and an increase in the mole fraction of oleic acid. The softening of body fat in cold-exposed animals appears to be the result of an increased mobilization of depot fat in response to a higher metabolic rate in the cold, a mobilization which is at least partially selective with respect to individual fatty acids or triglycerides. Examination of changes in whole body composition revealed that 72% of the loss in body weight of hamsters exposed to 6 C was due to a decrease in body fat content. In contrast, the decrease in body fat content accounted for only 28% of the body weight loss of pair-fed hamsters kept at 27 C on reduced caloric intake to match the body weight loss experienced by cold-exposed animals. It appears, therefore, that cold exposure induces a more effective fat depot mobilization than does reduced caloric intake. heat exposure; cold exposure; body composition Submitted on February 3, 1964

scholarly journals Total Body Fat Content versus BMI in 4-Year-Old Healthy Swedish Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Forsum ◽  
Eva Flinke Carlsson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Marie Löf
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
High Body ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Measurement Session ◽  
Total Body

Childhood overweight and obesity, a worldwide problem, is generally identified using BMI (body mass index). However, this application of BMI has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition. Therefore, we used air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to study 4.4-year old boys and girls since this method is accurate in young children if they accept the requirements of the measurement. The purpose was to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat in these children. Body composition was assessed in 76 (43 boys, 33 girls) of the 84 children brought to the measurement session. Boys and girls contained25.2±4.7and26.8±4.0% body fat, respectively. BMI-based cut-offs for overweight could not effectively identify children with a high body fat content. There was a significant (P<0.001) but weak (r=0.39) correlation between BMI and body fat (%). In conclusion, requirements associated with a successful assessment of body composition by means of ADP were accepted by most 4-year-olds. Furthermore, BMI-based cut-offs for overweight did not effectively identify children with a high body fatness and BMI explained only a small proportion of the variation in body fat (%) in this age group.

scholarly journals Impact of milk and nutrient intake of piglets and sow milk composition on piglet growth and body composition at weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Kaae Hojgaard ◽  
Thomas Sønderby Bruun ◽  
Peter Kappel Theil
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Piglet Growth

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of milk intake, milk composition, and nutrient intake on piglet growth in lactation and body composition at weaning. To evaluate the body composition of piglets, data from one experiment (44 Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc piglets) were used to develop prediction equations for body pools of fat, protein, ash, and water based on live weight and deuterium dilution space (exp. 1). Furthermore, a total of 294 piglets (Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) from 21 sows of second parity were included in a second experiment (exp. 2). In exp. 2, piglet live weight was recorded on days 3, 10, 17, and 25 of lactation. On the same days, the milk intake and body composition were measured, using the deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution technique. Piglet weight gain was highly positively correlated with the intake of milk and the intake of milk constituents each week and on an overall basis having r values ranging from 0.65 to 0.93 (P &lt; 0.001). When evaluating regressions for piglet growth, the milk intake in combination with the milk protein concentration explained 85% and 87% of the total variation in piglet gain in the second and third week of lactation, respectively, whereas milk intake was the only predictor of piglet gain in the first week of lactation explaining 81% of the variation. Fat, protein, and energy retention rates were all highly positively correlated with the daily intake of milk and intake of milk nutrients with r values ranging from 0.76 to 0.94 (P &lt; 0.001). Piglet gain and retention rates were rather weakly correlated with the milk composition with r values ranging from 0.01 to 0.50 (being either negative or positive). Curvilinear response curves were fitted for live weight gain and body fat content at weaning in response to milk protein concentration, showing that live weight gain was slightly greater and body fat content was slightly lower at 4.9% milk protein, but it should be emphasized that the quadratic effects did not reach significance. Body fat content at weaning was positively related with the intake of milk (R2 = 0.44, P &lt; 0.001) and milk fat (R2 = 0.46, P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, milk intake had a major impact on the piglet growth rate, and milk fat intake greatly influenced the body fat percentage at weaning, whereas milk composition per se only played a minor role for these traits.

Validation and calibration of DEXA body composition in mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. E454-E459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brommage
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Obesity In Mice ◽  
Measured Ratio ◽  
Tissue Contents ◽  
Selection Of

Validated methods of determining murine body composition are required for studies of obesity in mice. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a noninvasive approach to assess body fat and lean tissue contents. Similar to DEXA analyses in other species, body fat measurements in mice show acceptable precision but suffer from poor accuracy. Because fat and lean tissues each contain various components, these inaccuracies likely result from selection of inappropriate calibration standards. Analysis of solvents showed that the PIXImus2 DEXA gave results consistent with theoretical calculations. Male mice weighing 26-60 g and having body fat percentages ranging from 3 to 49% were analyzed by both PIXImus2 DEXA and chemical carcass analysis. DEXA overestimated mouse fat content by an average of 3.3 g, and algorithms were generated to calculate body fat from both measured body fat values and the measured ratio of high- to low-energy X-ray attenuations. With calibration to mouse body fat content measured by carcass analysis, the PIXImus2 DEXA gives accurate body composition values in mice.

scholarly journals Effects of Strength Training Combined with Specific Plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump height and lower limb strength development in elite male handball players: a case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Mourão ◽  
Eduardo Abade
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Body Fat Content

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of a strength training program combined with specific plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump (VJ) height and strength development of lower limbs in elite male handball players. A 12-week program with combined strength and specific plyometric exercises was carried out for 7 weeks. Twelve elite male handball players (age: 21.6 ± 1.73) competing in the Portuguese Major League participated in the study. Besides the anthropometric measurements, several standardized jump tests were applied to assess VJ performance together with the strength development of the lower limbs in an isokinetic setting. No significant changes were found in body circumferences and diameters. Body fat content and fat mass decreased by 16.4 and 15.7% respectively, while lean body mass increased by 2.1%. Despite small significance, there was in fact an increase in squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and 40 consecutive jumps after the training period (6.1, 3.8 and 6.8%, respectively). After the applied protocol, peak torque increased in lower limb extension and flexion in the majority of the movements assessed at 90°s-1. Consequently, it is possible to conclude that combining general strength-training with plyometric exercises can not only increase lower limb strength and improve VJ performance but also reduce body fat content.

Seasonal Changes of Fat Content in the Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) of Two Laurentian Lakes

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2214-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Newsome ◽  
Gérard Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Males And Females

Different body fat reserves in male and female yellow perch (Perca flavescens) may determine a marked differential mortality during the winter. This was revealed by a study in two Laurentian lakes of the Province of Quebec harboring stunted yellow perch with a marked predominance of males. The proportion of females in each year-class is markedly smaller, thus suggesting a higher mortality among immature and mature females than among males.In an attempt to explain the differential mortality, the seasonal variation of body fat content in males and females was measured; also the fat level at time of death caused by starvation under laboratory conditions was determined. The results showed that in the females the body fat content falls to a critical level of about 2% at least 4 mo before spawning, whereas the males maintain a fat level of almost 5% throughout winter.

scholarly journals A pilot study of temsirolimus and body composition.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13534-e13534
Author(s):  
Heloisa Veasey Rodrigues ◽  
Henrique Afonseca Parsons ◽  
Filip Janku ◽  
Aung Naing ◽  
Jennifer J. Wheler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Body Muscle ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Composition Changes

e13534 Background: Body weight and composition play a role in cancer etiology, prognosis and treatment response. Temsirolimus is an mTor inhibitor that can cause weight loss. Therefore, we analyzed weight, body composition changes and outcome in patients treated with temsirolimus. Methods: Sixteen patients with advanced solid tumors who participated in a trial with temsirolimus were studied; body composition was evaluated utilizing computerized tomography (CT) images. Sarcopenia was defined (CT-based criteria) as skeletal muscle index lower than 38.5cm2/m2 for women and 52.4cm2/m2 for men. Results: Five of 16 patients (31%) were men; median age, 60 years. There were no overall significant changes in weight, body mass index and body composition parameters after two months. Baseline sarcopenia was present in 44% (7/16) of patients. Fatigue, anemia, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were common. Baseline sarcopenia and body composition did not correlate with worse toxicity or treatment outcome. However, there was significantly greater loss in the composite body fat content for patients with grade 3 or 4 toxicities versus those with grade 1 and 2 toxicities (p=0.007). There was a trend towards loss of body fat content for progressors versus those with stable disease/partial response (SD/PR)(p=0.08), and loss of body muscle content for the SD/PR group versus progressors (p=0.07). Conclusions: Patients with higher grade toxicities had a greater loss of body fat content, and patients with SD/PR showed a trend to loss of body muscle content as compared to those with progression, suggesting an end-organ metabolic effect of temsirolimus.

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