Executive Selection—What's Right … and What's Wrong

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Hollenbeck
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Executive Selection ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Psychometric Validity

Although recent reviews of executive selection have catalogued much that we as industrial–organizational (I–O) psychologists are doing right in our research and practice, we are confronted with the facts that executive selection decisions are often, if not usually, wrong and that I–O psychologists seldom have a place at the table when these decisions are made. This article suggests that in our thinking we have failed to differentiate executive selection from selection at lower levels and that we have applied the wrong models. Our hope for the future lies not in job analyses, developing new tests, meta-analyses, or seeking psychometric validity, but in viewing executive selection as a judgment and decision-making problem. With the right focus, applying our considerable methodological skills should enable us to contribute toward making better judgments. When we have a better mousetrap, organizations (if not the world) will beat a path to our door.

scholarly journals Doing good vs. avoiding bad in prosocial choice: A refined test and extension of the morality preference hypothesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben M Tappin ◽  
Valerio Capraro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Social Life

Prosociality is fundamental to human social life, and, accordingly, much research has attempted to explain human prosocial behavior. Capraro and Rand (Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 99-111, 2018) recently provided experimental evidence that prosociality in anonymous, one-shot interactions (such as Prisoner’s Dilemma and Dictator Game experiments) is not driven by outcome-based social preferences – as classically assumed – but by a generalized morality preference for “doing the right thing”. Here we argue that the key experiments reported in Capraro and Rand (2018) comprise prominent methodological confounds and open questions that bear on influential psychological theory. Specifically, their design confounds: (i) preferences for efficiency with self-interest; and (ii) preferences for action with preferences for morality. Furthermore, their design fails to dissociate the preference to do “good” from the preference to avoid doing “bad”. We thus designed and conducted a preregistered, refined and extended test of the morality preference hypothesis (N=801). Consistent with this hypothesis, our findings indicate that prosociality in the anonymous, one-shot Dictator Game is driven by preferences for doing the morally right thing. Inconsistent with influential psychological theory, however, our results suggest the preference to do “good” was as potent as the preference to avoid doing “bad” in this case.

When the Absence of Reasoning Breeds Meaning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey K. Morewedge ◽  
Daniella M. Kupor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
External Source ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Dream Interpretation ◽  
The Self ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Thoughts ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Intuitions, attitudes, images, mind-wandering, dreams, and religious messages are just a few of the many kinds of uncontrolled thoughts that intrude on consciousness spontaneously without a clear reason. Logic suggests that people might thus interpret spontaneous thoughts as meaningless and be uninfluenced by them. By contrast, our survey of this literature indicates that the lack of an obvious external source or motive leads people to attribute considerable meaning and importance to spontaneous thoughts. Spontaneous thoughts are perceived to provide meaningful insight into the self, others, and the world. As a result of these metacognitive appraisals, spontaneous thoughts substantially affect the beliefs, attitudes, decisions, and behavior of the thinker. We present illustrative examples of the metacognitive appraisals by which people attribute meaning to spontaneous secular and religious thoughts, and the influence of these thoughts on judgment and decision-making, attitude formation and change, dream interpretation, and prayer discernment.

Educación financiera: ¿por qué la necesitamos?

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Adriana Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
The Right

For the longest time, roughly from the 16th century, with the establishment of capitalism around the world, people have been working towards ways of ensuring their survival by accumulating assets and money. Capitalism is a system predominated by private ownership and the constant quest for profit and the accumulation of wealth. Despite being conceived as an economic system model, it influences political, social, cultural, ethical and many other spheres, encompassing our affecting our entire nation. With the onset of globalization over the past 50 years, the capitalist system has become the predominant system throughout the world and effects all beings in one way or another. In an effort to generate wealth, many factors influence decisions made within the world of finances, and ignorance of the theme is no longer an option. Financial education is an important discipline in providing citizens the opportunity to exercise their rights and duties within the financial world, allowing for more accurate decision-making. Financial citizenship entails an individual’s ability to make the right choices, exercising their rights and fulfilling the associated duties. It is a concept taken from the term citizenship.

scholarly journals Leveraging GIS Technologies for Informed Decision-making in COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakibul Ahasan ◽  
Md Mahbub Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The World

With more than 19 million confirmed cases and over 700 thousand case-fatalities around the world, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had changed the dynamics of human lives globally. Different Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques are widely used across scientific disciplines, including public health since the mid-1960s. Previous studies found that GIS was actively used in infectious disease mapping. Recently, GIS has been playing a critical role in understanding the spatial clustering and transmission trend of the ongoing COVID-19.3 However, it can be argued that the applications of GIS technologies could have provided more insights for research and practice in the context of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Reconfiguring Economic Democracy: Generating New Forms of Collective Agency, Individual Economic Freedom and Public Participation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cumbers ◽  
Robert McMaster ◽  
Susana Cabaço ◽  
Michael J White
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

We seek to advance debate and thinking about economic democracy. While recognising the importance of existing approaches focused upon collective bargaining and workplace organisation, we articulate a perspective that emphasises the importance of individual economic rights, capabilities and freedoms at a time when established norms and protections at work are in retreat in many parts of the world. We outline a framework where both individual rights to self-government of one’s own labour, as well as the right of all citizens to participate in economic decision-making, are emphasised. The framework identifies a set of underlying principles, prerequisites, critical spheres for intervention, progressive institutional arrangements, and policies in pursuit of an expanded agenda around economic democracy. In this way, economic democracy potentially empowers individuals and creates the basis for generating new and sustainable alliances that challenge elite dominance in contemporary capitalism.

A Simplified Method for Understanding Judgment and Decision Making of Muslim Consumers

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Burhanudin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Similar Accuracy

The large number of Muslims in the world provides many attractive market segments. This then raises the question on how marketers can best understand the judgment and decision making of Muslims toward designing appropriate campaigns that could effectively target their communities. This chapter reviews general human judgment and decision making and proposes a simplified method for understanding this market through identifying the one reason that drives consumer decision making. One-reason decision making is common among consumers. It consumes little information to reach a conclusion, but has similar accuracy with other methods that consume more than twice the amount of information. For marketers, this simplified method would help them penetrate those markets about which they have little understanding. And for marketers who do understand a market, this method can help them in designing their campaigns more efficiently. Simple intervention strategies to attract Muslim consumers are discussed at the end of this chapter.

MAPPING DECISIONS TO IMPROVE CRISIS RESPONSE

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-351
Author(s):  
William Healy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Judgment and decision making are key components of every response and most current contingency plans fail to acknowledge this fully. Decision Mapping is a concept that provides planners with the tools to identify and analyze key decisions that may present themselves during the event timeline, and it prepares leaders to make quick and informed decisions. It provides an organized method to identify stakeholders, information needs, authorities, and consideration thresholds in a prioritized structure to give leaders the right perspective for balancing competing needs. It is a new way to approach contingency planning that goes beyond the listing of resources and views a response as a dynamic event with many uncertain components.

Conflating Temporal Advancement and Epistemic Advancement: The Progression Bias in Judgment and Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1563-1579
Author(s):  
Haotian Zhou ◽  
Xilin Li ◽  
Jessica Sim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The World

When seeking out the truth about a certain aspect of the world, people frequently conduct several inquiries successively over a time span. Later inquiries usually improve upon earlier ones; thus, it is typically rational to expect the finding of a later inquiry to be closer to the truth than that of an earlier one. However, when no meaningful differences exist between earlier and later inquiries, later findings should not be considered epistemically superior. However, in these cases, people continue to regard findings from later inquiries as closer to the truth than earlier ones. In 10 experiments, when later inquiries conflicted with—but did not epistemically improve upon—earlier ones, participants’ global judgments about the truth aligned more with later findings than earlier ones, an effect referred to as progression bias. The liability to progression bias may have severe ramifications for the well-being of the society and its members.

scholarly journals Fashion designer selection with the method of GRA-based intuitionistic fuzzy multi-criteria decision making

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (05) ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
PELIN OFLUOGLU KUCUK ◽  
TURAN ATILGAN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Fashion Designer ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Apparel Companies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grey Relational

Personnel selection is a decision making problem based on the determination of the most suitable individual in line with the determined criteria, as known. Particularly in the labor-intensive sectors, such as apparel, the choice of the right personnel is a crucial problem and plays a key role in continuing the life cycle of companies successfully. In this study, the fashion designer selection process is examined for the design departments which are one of the most important organs for the apparel companies. For this purpose, the most suitable designer was chosen for an apparel company operating in Izmir province. In order to fulfill the aim, criteria weights which play an active role in designer selection are obtained through AHP method, and intuitive fuzzy logic sets are utilized to enable the evaluations of the candidates by the experts according to the criteria. In the light of these data, the final choice was conducted with the method of grey relational analysis.

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