scholarly journals Vitamin D3 supplementation improves testicular function in diabetic rats through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ/transforming growth factor-beta 1/nuclear factor-kappa B

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yanyan He ◽  
Qingzhu Wang ◽  
Feng Guo ◽  
Fengjuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation ◽  
Growth Factor Beta

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis and potential therapeutic strategies: review on cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (S3) ◽  
pp. S2-S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N T Phan ◽  
P J Cabot ◽  
B D Wallwork ◽  
A U Cervin ◽  
B J Panizza
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa ◽  
Growth Factor Beta

AbstractBackground:Chronic rhinosinusitis is characterised by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are likely to exist. Previous research has focused predominantly on T-helper type cytokines to highlight the inflammatory mechanisms. However, proteins such as nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta are increasingly recognised to have important roles in sinonasal inflammation and tissue remodelling.Objective:This review article explores the roles of T-helper type cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B and transforming growth factor beta in the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis. An understanding of these mechanisms will allow for better identification and classification of chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes, and, ultimately, improved therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10431
Author(s):  
Gábor Kökény ◽  
Laurent Calvier ◽  
Georg Hansmann
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Pparγ Agonist

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a type II nuclear receptor, initially recognized in adipose tissue for its role in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. It promotes lipid uptake and adipogenesis by increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin release. Later, PPARγ was implicated in cardiac development and in critical conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and kidney failure. Recently, a cluster of different papers linked PPARγ signaling with another superfamily, the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and its receptors, all of which play a major role in PAH and kidney failure. TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine that drives inflammation, fibrosis, and cell differentiation while PPARγ activation reverses these adverse events in many models. Such opposite biological effects emphasize the delicate balance and complex crosstalk between PPARγ and TGFβ. Based on solid experimental and clinical evidence, the present review summarizes connections and their implications for PAH and kidney failure, highlighting the similarities and differences between lung and kidney mechanisms as well as discussing the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonist pioglitazone.

scholarly journals Ginger Ingredients Alleviate Diabetic Prostatic Complications: Effect on Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma G. Eid ◽  
Hala Mosli ◽  
Atif Hasan ◽  
Hany M. El-Bassossy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Growth Factor Beta

Prostatic complications are common in patients with diabetes. This study investigated the effect of different ginger ingredients: zingerone, geraniol, and 6-gingerol on the prostate in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg), and the rats were left for 10 weeks to develop prostatic complications. In diabetic treated groups, rats received daily oral zingerone, geraniol, and 6-gingerol in doses of 20, 200, and 75 mg/kg, respectively, in the last 8 weeks. Treatment with the compounds caused changes in the ventral prostate of diabetic animals as indicated by the columnar ductal epithelium and dense secretions. There was an amelioration of oxidative stress as evidenced by the lowering of prostate malondialdehyde and elevating prostate oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios by geraniol and 6-gingerol. None of the three ginger ingredients affected the hyperglycemia, reduction in body weight gain, and testosterone deficiency seen in diabetic animals. Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels remained unchanged. However, zingerone and geraniol ameliorated the fibrosis in diabetic prostate through suppressing the elevated prostate transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and collagen IV. Therefore, ginger ingredients could be beneficial in alleviating diabetic prostatic complications through suppressing oxidative stress and tissue fibrosis.

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