Investigation of aflatoxin M1 in baby milk and aflatoxin B1 in infant cereals marketed in Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidajete Muharremi ◽  
Lul Raka ◽  
Jeton Spahiu ◽  
Ibrahim Tershnjaku ◽  
Dritan Topi
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1

Reduction of Milk Contamination with Aflatoxin-M1 through Vaccination of Dairy Cattle with Aflatoxin-B1 Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Before And After

Aflatoxin M1 is one of mycotoxin derivatives, which is secreted in milk of dairy cattle fed on feed contaminated with Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). The current study was designed to prepare a vaccine against AFB1and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing or preventing secretion of AFM1 in milk. Aflatoxin-B1 was prepared, purified and transformed into oxime, then it was fixed on bovine serum albumins. The AFB1-BSA conjugate was adjuvanted with Gold Nano particles then Montanide ISA 206. The prepared vaccine was used for immunization of rabbits by S/c routes as 100 µg/dose and dairy cattle by I/M routes as 500 µg/dose. The vaccinated animals were boosted at 3 weeks post primary immunization. Serum samples were collected and examined for the anti-AFB1 using AGPT. A mean titer of 15.2 AGPU/ml was detected at 2 weeks post primary vaccination then significantly increased till reached to 76.8 AGPU/ml at 6 weeks post Booster vaccination. All vaccinated rabbits were challenged with dose of 0.3 mg AFB1 toxin/Kg. The vaccinated rabbit showed 100% protection and no AFB1 toxin residue was detected in their livers. Milk samples were collected from non-vaccinated and AFB1-immunized dairy cattle then examined with ELISA for quantitation of AFM1 residues before and after vaccination. The results showed that the prepared AFB1 vaccine was safe, potent and able to reduce AFM1 release in milk of vaccinated heifers by 70%. So the vaccination of lactating animals with the AFB1vaccine might represent a valid tool for the prevention of AFM1 contamination of milk and dairy products.

scholarly journals Comparative binding and sequence interaction specificities of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin M1, and aflatoxicol M1 with purified DNA.

1987 ◽  
Vol 262 (16) ◽  
pp. 7455-7462 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mariën ◽  
R Moyer ◽  
P Loveland ◽  
K Van Holde ◽  
G Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Comparative Binding

Corn silage as a source of aflatoxin B1 in feed for dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2759-2764
Author(s):  
DRAGAN GLAMOČIĆ ◽  
MIROSLAVA POLOVINSKI HORVATOVIĆ ◽  
IGOR JAJIĆ ◽  
SAŠA KRSTOVIĆ ◽  
MIRKO IVKOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Corn Grain

Nutrition of dairy cattle is based on two components, concentrates and forages. The main forages in Vojvodina, north province of Serbia is silage made from the whole plant of corn. After the outbreak of aflatoxin B1 in corn in 2012, the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in corn as a source of contamination of aflatoxin M1 in milk was very broadly investigated. There is no data regarding the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in silage and how much silage can contribute to the overall intake of aflatoxin B1 in this region. This work is an attempt to estimate how much silage, in condition and practice used in Vojvodina, contributes to the intake of aflatoxin B1, and consequently aflatoxin M1 in milk. In total, 82 samples of corn grain and 72 samples of corn silage were analyzed on the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 during 2017-2018 period. Aflatoxin B1 was found in 13.41% of corn samples in the range from 6.82 to 187.5 ppb (average 63.5 ppb). All positive samples were from 2017, while no positive samples were found during 2018. Incidence of aflatoxin B1 in silage was 54.17% in the range of 3.5-58.0 ppb (12% moisture content) or 0.95-16.1 ppb in the fresh matter. Results suggest that silage can be a significant factor to overall intake of aflatoxin B1 and that further research is needed.

Simultaneous Determination of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin M1 in Food Matrices by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Jiang ◽  
Zhanhui Wang ◽  
Greta Nölke ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Lanlan Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Food Matrices

Incidence and Level of Aflatoxin M1 in Liquid and Imported Powdered Milk in Jordan with Special Reference to Aflatoxin B1 in Corresponding Feeds

1991 ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
R. M. Natour ◽  
J. A. Rabba ◽  
M. S. Nowar ◽  
A. Salhab ◽  
A. Mahasneh
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Powdered Milk

Immunoassays for Analysis of Mycotoxins

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUN SUN CHU
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past

During the past few years, several laboratories have prepared specific antibodies against aflatoxins B1, M1, B2a and Q1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone. These antibodies were obtained from rabbits after immunizing with various mycotoxin-protein conjugates. With the availability of these antibodies, specific, simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures for monitoring mycotoxins and their metabolites in foods, feeds and body fluids have been developed. In this review, details are presented for the preparation of antibodies and the application of RIA and ELISA to determine aflatoxins B1 and M1, ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin in corn, peanuts, milk and other biological fluids. The sensitivity of ELISA for analysis of these mycotoxins in foods varied from 0.1 μg/L for aflatoxin M1 in milk to 5 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. The advantages and disadvantages of ELISA for monitoring mycotoxins in foods and feeds are discussed. In addition, a description of recent progress on simplified clean-up procedures which may increase the sensitivity of immunoassays is presented.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on aflatoxin B1 in maize and aflatoxin M1 in milk: A case study of maize grown in Eastern Europe and imported to the Netherlands

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e0218956 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Van der Fels-Klerx ◽  
L. C. Vermeulen ◽  
A. K. Gavai ◽  
C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Aflatoxin M1

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1 after administration of aflatoxin B1 in sucrose- or starch-rich diets

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wise ◽  
M. Suzangar ◽  
M. Messripour ◽  
J. Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Aflatoxin B

1. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given 630 g/kg sucrose or starch with 2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 for periods of 75, 145 and 200 d, and the 24 h urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1 was measured.2. Less aflatoxin M1 was excreted by the rats fed on the sucrose-rich diet compared to those fed on the starch-rich diet. This difference was especially marked when expressed per g metabolizing tissue.3. It is concluded that sucrose probably decreases the activity of aflatoxin B1 metabolism in a similar way to its previously found effect on the drug-metabolizing enzyme.

Screening of aflatoxin M1, a metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in human urine samples in Malaysia: A preliminary study

Food Control ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Redzwan Sabran ◽  
Rosita Jamaluddin ◽  
Mohd Sokhini Abdul Mutalib
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Human Urine Samples ◽  
Preliminary Study

Aflatoxin Conversion by Dairy Cattle Consuming Naturally-Contaminated Whole Cottonseed1

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALPH L. PRICE ◽  
J. H. PAULSON ◽  
OTIS G. LOUGH ◽  
CONRAD GINGG ◽  
ANDY G. KURTZ
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Whole cottonseed determined to have aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels of 5, 31, 104, 280, and 560 μg/kg was fed as 15% of the total dairy ration to a commercial herd of 90 grade Holstein dairy cattle for 70 d. Milk from the bulk tank was sampled either daily or after each milking and analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The ratio for AFB1 in the dairy ration to AFM1 in the milk averaged 75 to 1 under conditions and at levels tested with no consistent relation to the level of AFB1 in the feed. Approximately 1.6% conversion occurred during the steady state of consumption and secretion. The federal action level of 0.5 μg AFM1/L of milk would be produced by cows consuming a ration containing 15% whole cottonseed contaminated with approximately 250 μg AFB1/kg.

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