Illicium verum and Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts promote nutrient availability and antioxidant capacity in piglets by upregulating duodenal and jejunal Nrf2/TNF‐ α

AbstractGrowth of the food fungus of the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes (L.) on extracts of plants selected by the ants was shown to be affected by the plant species, the pH of the extract, the concentration of the sap or plant extract and pretreatment of the substrate by the ants. It was not possible to establish an unambiguous relationship between the rate of growth of the fungus on leaf extracts and the foraging preferences of the ants for the leaves. There were indications, however, that the fungus grows most rapidly on extracts of plant material preferred by A. cephalotes. Relative growth rates of the fungus on different substrates may be related to the presence of growth inhibitors rather than to nutrient availability.

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TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY (FRAP) OF URTICA DIOICA L. LEAF EXTRACTS

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2015.1099.21 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 207-210

Author(s):

N. Koczka ◽

D. Petersz ◽

E. Stefanovits-Banyai

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Urtica Dioica ◽

Total Phenol ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Phenol Content ◽

Leaf Extracts

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Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Using Diverse Varieties of Cannabis sativa Leaf Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26134041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 4041

Author(s):

Adriana Cecilia Csakvari ◽

Cristian Moisa ◽

Dana G. Radu ◽

Leonard M. Olariu ◽

Andreea I. Lupitu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Green Synthesis ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Green Building ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Ft Ir

Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) is a plant used in the textile industry and green building material industry, as well as for the phytoremediation of soil, medical treatments, and supplementary food products. The synergistic effect of terpenes, flavonoids, and cannabinoids in hemp extracts may mediate the biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In this study, the chemical composition of aqueous leaf extracts of three varieties of Romanian hemp (two monoecious, and one dioecious) have been determined by Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-MS). Then, their capability to mediate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their pottential antibacterial applications were evaluated. The average antioxidant capacity of the extracts had 18.4 ± 3.9% inhibition determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 78.2 ± 4.1% determined by 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS™) assays. The total polyphenolic content of the extracts was 1642 ± 32 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L−1. After this, these extracts were reacted with an aqueous solution of AgNO3 resulting in AgNPs, which were characterized by UV−VIS spectroscopy, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results demonstrated obtaining spherical, stable AgNPs with a diameter of less than 69 nm and an absorbance peak at 435 nm. The mixture of extracts and AgNPs showed a superior antioxidant capacity of 2.3 ± 0.4% inhibition determined by the DPPH• assay, 88.5 ± 0.9% inhibition as determined by the ABTS•+ assay, and a good antibacterial activity against several human pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytoprotective Properties of Ethanolic Mint Extracts from Algeria on 7-Ketocholesterol-Treated Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox7120184 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 184 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fatiha Brahmi ◽

Thomas Nury ◽

Meryam Debbabi ◽

Samia Hadj-Ahmed ◽

Amira Zarrouk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Cytokine Secretion ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The present study consisted in evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties of ethanolic extracts from three mint species (Mentha spicata L. (MS), Mentha pulegium L. (MP) and Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds (MR)) with biochemical methods on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages (a transformed macrophage cell line isolated from ascites of BALB/c mice infected by the Abelson leukemia virus). The total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid contents were determined with spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activities were quantified with the Kit Radicaux Libres (KRLTM), the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The MS extract showed the highest total phenolic content, and the highest antioxidant capacity, while the MR extract showed the lowest total phenolic content and the lowest antioxidant capacity. The cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were quantified on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with 7-ketocholesterol (7KC; 20 µg/mL: 50 µM) associated or not for 24 h and 48 h with ethanolic mint extracts used at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL). Under treatment with 7KC, an important inhibition of cell growth was revealed with the crystal violet test. This side effect was strongly attenuated in a dose dependent manner with the different ethanolic mint extracts, mainly at 48 h. The most important cytoprotective effect was observed with the MS extract. In addition, the effects of ethanolic mint extracts on cytokine secretion (Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP)-1, Interferon (IFN)-ϒ, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) were determined at 24 h on lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.2 µg/mL)-, 7KC (20 µg/mL)- and (7KC + LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Complex effects of mint extracts were observed on cytokine secretion. However, comparatively to LPS-treated cells, all the extracts strongly reduce IL-6 secretion and two of them (MP and MR) also decrease MCP-1 and TNF-α secretion. However, no anti-inflammatory effects were observed on 7KC- and (7KC + LPS)-treated cells. Altogether, these data bring new evidences on the potential benefits (especially antioxidant and cytoprotective properties) of Algerian mint on human health.

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Influences of dietary Eucommia ulmoides extract on growth, flesh quality, antioxidant capacity and collagen-related genes expression in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21313/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hang Yang ◽

Sumei Tan ◽

Xiaoqin Li ◽

Zhen Xu ◽

Zhuo Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Grass Carp ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽

Eucommia Ulmoides ◽

Flesh Quality ◽

Genes Expression

Abstract Background: The study investigated the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides extracts on growth, flesh quality and collagen-related genes expression of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Eucommia ulmoides bark extract (EBE) and Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) were individually supplemented into basal diet (control) at an inclusion of 4 g/kg, and then the three diets were fed to grass carp (59.7 ± 0.3g) for 60 days. Results: The results indicated that dietary ELE significantly increased weight gain (+4.22%), and decreased feed conversion ratio (-0.07) (P<0.05), while EBE did not significantly affect the growth performance of grass carp. Compared to the control, dietary ELE increased apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, crude protein and intestinal digestive enzyme activity (P<0.05), and the contents of calcium, total collagen, heat-insoluble collagen and free amino acids level (including delicious amino acids) in flesh were also increased (P<0.05). In both extracts groups, the flesh centrifugal loss, steaming loss, drip loss24h, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde were significantly lower, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were higher than the control (P<0.05). No significant differences in the amount of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in flesh were found among the three groups, but DPA, DHA, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3/n-6 ratio in flesh were increased by dietary EBE and ELE (P<0.05). In collagen-related genes expression, the ELE supplementation significantly promoted the expression of collagen type Ⅰ (COL1A1, COL1A2), proline hydroxylase, lysine oxidasein in muscle, while the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary ELE improved the growth, muscle antioxidant capacity and flesh quality of grass carp.

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Antioxidant activity and zebrafish teratogenicity of hydroalcoholic Moringa oleifera L. leaf extracts

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-02-2020-0113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 122 (10) ◽

pp. 3129-3137

Author(s):

Nurul Fatin Syazleen Mohamad Shariff ◽

Thangam Singgampalam ◽

Chean Hui Ng ◽

Chin Siang Kue

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Zebrafish Embryo ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Aqueous Methanol ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Content Type ◽

Aqueous Ethanolic Extract

PurposeMoringa oleifera (MO) is a herbal remedy that is rich in essential amino acids and phytochemicals in the leaves, seeds and pods. It is becoming a famous food in various ethnic groups, and the consumption is increasing worldwide. However, there is no safety profile of the hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts, or documented teratogenicity aspect. This study was sought to compare the antioxidant activity and the teratogenicity of hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts in the zebrafish embryo.Design/methodology/approachMO leaves were extracted with aqueous alcohols (ethanol or methanol: water, 80:20 v/v) using the Soxhlet method. The antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH assay. The concentrations of extracts ranging from 3 to 1,000 µg/mL were used to examine the toxicity and teratogenicity on the zebrafish embryo.FindingsBoth hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts were positive for alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, coumarins, quinones and glycosides, except saponins only absent in aqueous methanol extract. The antioxidant capacity based on lC50, was 15.92 ± 3.62 mg/mL for aqueous methanolic and 25.28 ± 2.89 mg/mL for aqueous ethanolic extract. For acute toxicity, the aqueous methanolic extract has lower LC50 (163.87 ± 12.88 µg/mL) compared to aqueous ethanolic extract (337.48 ± 30.04 µg/mL). The embryo treated with aqueous methanolic extract showed phenotypic defect but not on the aqueous ethanolic extract.Originality/valueThis study suggests that aqueous methanol of MO leaves extract has better antioxidant capacity compared to ethanol, and ethanolic leaf extract is safer (higher LC50 and no teratogenicity) than methanolic extract.

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