Inequality, Protests, and the Progressive Allocation of Cash Transfers in the Argentine Provinces

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Calvo ◽  
Lorena Moscovich
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Median Voter ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Resource Theory ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Power Inequality ◽  
Power Resource Theory ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the last 20 years, two broadly defined theories have sought to explain the relationship between economic inequality and redistribution. The well-known hypothesis set forth by Meltzer and Richard (1981) states that larger income differences between the median voter and the average income earner should increase redistributive pressures in democratic regimes. Power Resource Theory (PRT), by contrast, argues that income inequality breeds power inequality and should dampen redistribution. Critical to both theories is the translation of redistributive interest into policy signals. This article considers protests as signals that increase the salience of inequality among voters. Results provide evidence that protests facilitate more progressive cash transfers in highly unequal environments but have modest effects in more egalitarian ones.

scholarly journals Analysis of the factors forming the observed inequality in the income of population in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-457
Author(s):  
T. V. Sabetova ◽  
G. N. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Authorities

The article considers the problem of population’s income inequality in the Russian Federation and detection of the factors affecting it. Population’s income differences demonstrate both intrinsic and unavoidable differences among individuals and their groups in terms of their participation in the social processes, and the governmental efforts aimed at reasonable and fair distribution of the national wealth among the citizens. The research objective was to identify the dynamics of the Gini index as acknowledged indicator for population inequality in terms of income and to analyze the factors defining such dynamics. The research was carried out based on the national statistical data. The authors detect close connection between the downturns in economy, especially decrease of the dynamics of average income per capita, and the level of population inequality in terms of income. However, contrary to expectation, the correlation is direct which means that during the periods of slowing of the income growth the values of Gini index being the avowed income inequality indicator also reduced. On the other hand, the authors point out that such connection exists only for time series. While studying the static populations’ income differences in various regions no correlation between the income size and difference values was found. Based on the research results the authors draw the conclusion about undesirability of violent fluctuations in the dynamics of the population’s effective earnings, as well as about justifiability of the efforts of national and regional authorities aimed at the improvements of the income policy.

scholarly journals The fall in income inequality during COVID-19 in four European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Clark ◽  
Conchita D’Ambrosio ◽  
Anthony Lepinteur
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Lorenz Domination ◽  
Household Disposable Income ◽  
Absolute Inequality

AbstractWe here use panel data from the COME-HERE survey to track income inequality during COVID-19 in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Relative inequality in equivalent household disposable income among individuals changed in a hump-shaped way between January 2020 and January 2021, with an initial rise from January to May 2020 being more than reversed by September 2020. Absolute inequality also fell over this period. Due to the pandemic some households lost more than others, and government compensation schemes were targeted towards the poorest, implying that on average income differences decreased. Generalized Lorenz domination reveals that these distributive changes reduced welfare in Italy.

scholarly journals Inequality, policy polarization and the income gap in turnout

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406882110119
Author(s):  
Matthew Polacko
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research into the relationship between income inequality and turnout inequality has produced mixed results, as consensus is lacking whether inequality reduces turnout for all income groups, low-income earners, or no one. Therefore, this paper builds on this literature by introducing supply-side logic, through the first individual-level test of the impact that income inequality (moderated by policy manifesto positions) has on turnout. It does so through multilevel logistic regressions utilizing mixed effects, on a sample of 30 advanced democracies in 102 elections from 1996 to 2016. It finds that higher levels of income inequality significantly reduce turnout and widen the turnout gap between rich and poor. However, it also finds that when party systems are more polarized, low-income earners are mobilized the greatest extent coupled with higher inequality, resulting in a significantly reduced income gap in turnout. The findings magnify the negative impacts income inequality can exert on political behavior and contribute to the study of policy offerings as a key moderating mechanism in the relationship.

scholarly journals Conversion of land use and household livelihoods in Vietnam: A study in Nghe An

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Tran Tuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Double Impact

Abstract This article describes the relationship between the land use purpose conversion and households’ livelihoods in suburban Vinh City, Nghe An province. In the survey with 170 households losing their land to build the VSIP Nghe An industrial park project, this article shows the double impact of this issue. (1) On the positive side, households’ quality of life in the current period shows a significant improvement. They are living in better conditions with more spacious houses and modern facilities than before. The average income of households increased by 900 USD than before. (2) On the negative side, the unemployment rate increases with women older than 35 years and men older than 40 years. Along with the improper use of compensation received, income sustainability is a doubt for these households’ future.

Trust in Government and the American Public’s Responsiveness to Rising Inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
State Level ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Relationship

The United States has become increasingly unequal. Income inequality has risen dramatically since the 1970s, yet public opinion toward redistribution has remained largely unchanged. This is puzzling, given Americans’ professed concern regarding, and knowledge of, rising inequality. I argue that trust in government can help to reconcile this. I combine data on state-level income inequality with survey data from the Cumulative American National Election Studies (CANES) from 1984 to 2016. I find that trust in government conditions the relationship between inequality and redistribution, with higher inequality prompting demand for government redistribution, but only among politically trustful individuals. This holds among conservatives and non-conservatives and among the affluent and non-affluent. These findings underscore the relevance of political trust in shaping attitudes toward inequality and economic redistribution and contribute to our understanding of why American public opinion has not turned in favor of redistribution during an era of rising income inequality.

By Popular Demand: The Effect of Public Opinion on Income Inequality

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Andersen ◽  
Anthony Heath ◽  
David Weakliem
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Reciprocal Causation ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between public support for wage differentials and actual income inequality using data from the World Values Surveys. The distribution of income is more equal in nations where public opinion is more egalitarian. There is some evidence that the opinions of people with higher incomes are more influential than those of people with low incomes. Although the estimated relationship is stronger in democracies, it is present even under non-democratic governments, and the hypothesis that effects are equal cannot be rejected. We consider the possibility of reciprocal causation by means of an instrumental variables analysis, which yields no evidence that income distribution affects opinion.

A NOTE ON INFLATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND INCOME INEQUALITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Money Growth ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Growth

This paper develops a monetary endogenous growth model with capital and skill heterogeneity to analyze the relationship among inflation, growth, and income inequality. In the model inflation, growth, and inequality are jointly determined. We show that an increase in the long-run money growth rate raises inflation and reduces growth, but its effect on income inequality depends on the relative importance of the two types of heterogeneity. Inequality shrinks with the rise of inflation when capital heterogeneity dominates and enlarges when skill heterogeneity dominates. Therefore, our model supports a negative (positive) inflation–inequality relationship and a positive (negative) growth–inequality relationship when capital (skill) heterogeneity dominates. In any event, inflation and growth are negatively related.

Interpersonal exchange and freedom for resource acquisition

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
John Adamopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Resource Theory ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Social Resource ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of climate and monetary resources to various freedoms can be enriched if the conceptual links – “psychobehavioral adaptations” – are conceptualized more broadly as reflections of a richer cultural context that involves multiple physical and psychological resources, as proposed by social resource theory and a number of models of the emergence of social meaning.

Giving Up on the Joneses? The Relationship between Income Inequality and Status-seeking

2017 ◽  
pp. jcw052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marii Paskov ◽  
Klarita Gërxhani ◽  
Herman G. van de Werfhorst
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Status Seeking ◽  
The Relationship
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