Altered Immune Response in Organic Acidemia

Two hundred fifty-four infants who had received measles vaccine at <10 months of age were revaccinated at ≥15 months of age, and their immune responses were compared with 129 control infants who received their first doses of measles vaccine at ≥15 months of age. Sera were collected at the time of revaccination (study infants) or primary vaccination (control infants), 3 weeks, and 8 months later and tested for antibody by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cytopathic effect neutralization (CPEN). Of the 121 study infants who were initially HI negative, 116 (95.9%) made HI antibody 3 weeks postrevaccination compared with 126 (99.2%) of 127 control infants (P = 0.19). Of the 63 study infants with no initial detectable antibody by any of the three tests, 14 (22.2%) had a measles-specific IgM response 3 weeks postrevaccination compared with 37 of 50 (74.0%) randomly chosen control infants. By 8 months after revaccination, the 121 initially HI-negative study infants were significantly less likely to have detectable HI antibodies than control infants (52.1% v 97.6%) (P < .001). However, 96.7% of these 121 study infants had detectable neutralizing antibody 8 months postrevaccination, an antibody thought to correlate best with protection. This study confirms the altered immune response to revaccination in infants first vaccinated prior to 10 months of age; however, the data suggest that most of these infants were successfully primed and are probably protected after revaccination.

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The role of the immune response in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis

Romanian Medical Journal ◽

10.37897/rmj.2021.1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

Catalina Diana Stanica ◽

◽

Adrian , Neacsu ◽

Romina Marina Sima ◽

Raluca Gabriela Ioan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Altered Immune Response

Endometriosis is a benign, chronic, estrogen-dependent condition, present in 10% of women of reproductive age. The condition is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility that influence their quality of life, as well as married life and has important socio-economic consequences. Despite its high morbidity, its etiopathogenesis is incompletely known. A large number of studies suggest that the ability of endometrial implants to grow in ectopic locations may be correlated with the altered immune response towards the endometriotic tissue. There are enough data to show that immune system mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, are playing key roles in the onset and olso on progression of endometriosis. There are studies that prove the association between endometriosis and autoimmune diseases. The present paper aims to investigate the implications of the immune response in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The study of cellular or humoral immunity deficits, the presence of autoantibodies associated with this condition, can facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the appearance and spread of endometriosis. We hope that this information will ultimately provide the basis for the development of new effective approaches in endometriosis management.

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Abstract 3393: Altered immune response in the transcriptome of patients with lung cancer

10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-3393 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kahkeshan Hijazi ◽

Julian Lel ◽

Ehab Billatos ◽

Elizabeth Moses ◽

Christopher S. Stevenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Immune Response ◽

Altered Immune Response

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Role of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9111039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1039 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Corona

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Immune Response ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Two Factors ◽

Altered Immune Response

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. Although abnormalities in several brain regions and disturbances of the catecholaminergic pathway have been demonstrated, the pathophysiology of ADHD is not completely understood, but as a multifactorial disorder, has been associated with an increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This review presents an overview of factors that increase oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants and also the treatment with medications are two factors that can increase oxidative damage, whereas the comorbidity between ADHD and inflammatory disorders, altered immune response, genetic and environmental associations, and polymorphisms in inflammatory-related genes can increase neuroinflammation. Evidence of an association with these factors has become valuable for research on ADHD. Such evidence opens up new intervention routes for the use of natural products as antioxidants that could have potential as a treatment against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in ADHD.

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Is Immune Modulation the Mechanism Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Amniotic Cells and Their Derivatives in Regenerative Medicine?

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.3727/096368916x693699 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 531-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Antonietta R. Silini ◽

Marta Magatti ◽

Anna Cargnoni ◽

Ornella Parolini

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Amniotic Membrane ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Cell Replacement ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Repair Mechanisms ◽

Altered Immune Response ◽

Amniotic Cells

Regenerative medicine aims to repair and regenerate damaged cells, tissues, and organs in order to restore function. Regeneration can be obtained either by cell replacement or by stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms. Importantly, a favorable environment is required before any regenerative signal can stimulate resident stem/stromal cells, and regeneration is possible only after the resolution of injury-induced inflammation. An exacerbated immune response is often present in cases of degenerative, inflammatory-based diseases. Here we discuss how amniotic membrane cells, and their derivatives, can contribute to the resolution of many diseases with altered immune response by acting on different inflammatory mediators.

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Altered Immune Response Differentially Enhances Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Infection in Mice Expressing the HIV-1 Transgene

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01339-12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 1100-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kassandre Leongson ◽

Vincent Cousineau-Côté ◽

Mathieu Goupil ◽

Francine Aumont ◽

Serge Sénéchal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Transgene Expression ◽

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Cryptococcus Gattii ◽

Content Type ◽

Altered Immune Response ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACTCryptococcus neoformansvar.grubiiis the most frequent cause of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis worldwide, whileCryptococcus gattiiusually infects immunocompetent people. To understand the mechanisms which cause differential susceptibility to these cryptococcal species in HIV infection, we established and characterized a model of cryptococcosis in CD4C/HIVMutAtransgenic (Tg) mice expressing gene products of HIV-1 and developing an AIDS-like disease. Tg mice infected intranasally withC. neoformansvar.grubiistrain H99 or C23 consistently displayed reduced survival compared to non-Tg mice at three graded inocula, while shortened survival of Tg mice infected withC. gattiistrain R265 or R272 was restricted to a single high inoculum. HIV-1 transgene expression selectively augmented systemic dissemination to the liver and spleen for strains H99 and C23 but not strains R265 and R272. Histopathologic examination of lungs of Tg mice revealed large numbers of widely scattered H99 cells, with a minimal inflammatory cell response, while in the non-Tg mice H99 was almost completely embedded within extensive mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates. In contrast to H99, R265 was dispersed throughout the lung parenchyma and failed to induce a strong inflammatory response in both Tg and non-Tg mice. HIV-1 transgene expression reduced pulmonary production of CCL2 and CCL5 after infection with H99 or R265, and production of these two chemokines was lower after infection with R265. These results indicate that an altered immune response in these Tg mice markedly enhancesC. neoformansbut notC. gattiiinfection. This model therefore provides a powerful new tool to further investigate the immunopathogenesis of cryptococcosis.

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