scholarly journals The role of the immune response in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Catalina Diana Stanica ◽  
◽  
Adrian , Neacsu ◽  
Romina Marina Sima ◽  
Raluca Gabriela Ioan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Altered Immune Response

Endometriosis is a benign, chronic, estrogen-dependent condition, present in 10% of women of reproductive age. The condition is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility that influence their quality of life, as well as married life and has important socio-economic consequences. Despite its high morbidity, its etiopathogenesis is incompletely known. A large number of studies suggest that the ability of endometrial implants to grow in ectopic locations may be correlated with the altered immune response towards the endometriotic tissue. There are enough data to show that immune system mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, are playing key roles in the onset and olso on progression of endometriosis. There are studies that prove the association between endometriosis and autoimmune diseases. The present paper aims to investigate the implications of the immune response in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The study of cellular or humoral immunity deficits, the presence of autoantibodies associated with this condition, can facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the appearance and spread of endometriosis. We hope that this information will ultimately provide the basis for the development of new effective approaches in endometriosis management.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology and Immune Dysfunction in Endometriosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Ahn ◽  
Stephany P. Monsanto ◽  
Caragh Miller ◽  
Sukhbir S. Singh ◽  
Richard Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent, chronic, proinflammatory disease prevalent in 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide. Characterized by the growth of endometrium-like tissue in aberrant locations outside of the uterus, it is responsible for symptoms including chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and subfertility that degrade quality of life of women significantly. In Canada, direct and indirect economic cost of endometriosis amounts to 1.8 billion dollars, and this is elevated to 20 billion dollars in the United States. Despite decades of research, the etiology and pathophysiology of endometriosis still remain to be elucidated. This review aims to bring together the current understanding regarding the pathogenesis of endometriosis with specific focus on mechanisms behind vascularization of the lesions and the contribution of immune factors in facilitating lesion establishment and development. The role of hormones, immune cells, and cytokine signaling is highlighted, in addition to discussing the current pharmaceutical options available for management of pain symptoms in women with endometriosis.

Endometriosis: disease pathophysiology and the role of prostaglandins

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Hsing Wu ◽  
Yutaka Shoji ◽  
Pei-Chin Chuang ◽  
Shaw-Jenq Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
High Prevalence

Endometriosis is considered to be a polygenic disease with a complex, multifactorial aetiology that affects about 10% of women in the reproductive age. Women with endometriosis have symptoms that include chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea and dyspareunia, significantly reducing their quality of life. Endometriosis is also the primary cause of infertility in women, with the prevalence rate ranging from 20% to 50%. The high prevalence and severe outcomes of this disease have made it a major public health concern in modern society. Currently, the mechanism(s) responsible for the initiation and promotion of this disease remains obscure. In this review, we focus on the expression, regulation and action of prostaglandins in the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development and/or maintenance of endometriosis.

The role of orexin A in pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep disorder in postmenopausal women

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Zukhra Kh. Ebzieva ◽  
Svetlana V. Yureneva ◽  
Tatiana Yu. Ivanets
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vasomotor Symptoms ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of serum orexin A levels in women of different age periods with and without sleep disorder and vasomotor symptoms. To evaluate the dynamics of orexin A levels under menopausal hormone therapy. Materials and methods. The study included 50 postmenopausal women and 30 women of reproductive age with a regular menstrual cycle. Using block randomization, patients are divided into 3 groups: group 1 (main group), n=25, -STRAW+ 10 (+1b and +1c), patients with sleep disorder and vasomotor symptoms; group 2 (comparison group), n=25, STRAW+ 10 (+1b and +1c), patients with vasomotor symptoms without sleep disorder; group 3 (control group), n=30, STRAW+ 10 (-4), women of reproductive age without sleep disorder. Group 1 patients were given menopausal hormone therapy. A comparative analysis was carried out using the questionnaire for assessing menopausal symptoms severity by the Greene Scale (the Greene Climacteric Scale) and Rating Scale for subjective sleep characteristics. After 12 weeks of treatment, a control examination was performed. Results. In group 1 women, the serum orexin A levels were significantly higher compared to the women without the symptoms. The link between the orexin A levels and menopause syndrome severity was established. A significant decrease in the menopausal symptoms severity after 12 weeks of menopausal hormone therapy was shown. It was accompanied by a 1,3-fold decrease in orexin A levels. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the possible role of orexin A and the orexin neuropeptide system in the pathogenesis of sleep disorder and vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Role of husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Asif ◽  
Zahid Pervaiz ◽  
Jawad Rahim Afridi ◽  
Ghulam Abid ◽  
Zohra S. Lassi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Family planning services deliver a wide range of benefits to the well-being of females and the community. It can curtail the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality through the reduction in abortions and pregnancies. The government of Pakistan has been struggling to convince people about the usefulness of family planning programs. However, different factors related to social norms, values, and culture are important to determine the success of these programs. One such factor is the patriarchal structure of Pakistani society where most of the household decisions are made by men. The objective of this research is to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for the unmet need of family planning (UMNFP) among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in Pakistan. Method The dataset of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 is utilized to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives in UMNFP among MWRA in Pakistan. Results The UMNFP was considerably lower among MWRA between 40 years and above compared to women 15–19 years. The odds of UMNFP were higher among women and men who were educated up to the primary level compared to those with no education. Odds of UMNFP were higher among women from the poor wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile; similarly, it was significantly lower among women who were from the richer and the richest wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile. The odds of UMNFP were lower among women who were employed compared to those who were not employed. Lastly, the odds of UMNFP were higher among women whose husbands opposed to using contraceptives, who perceived that there was a religious prohibition for such use and when a decision on the contraception use was solely made by the husband. Conclusions Husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives is an important predictor of UMNFP. Liaising with the community and religious leaders to persuade people particularly men about the usefulness of family planning programs and encouraging men to understand their women’s say in using contraceptives should be encouraged.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SYSTEM IMMUNITY IN WOMEN WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS AND GENITAL INFECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-910
Author(s):  
L. F. Zaynetdinova ◽  
L. F. Telesheva ◽  
A. V. Koryaushkina ◽  
S. V. Kvyatkovskaya ◽  
E. A. Mezenceva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Systemic Immunity

External genital endometriosis is an inflammatory, estrogen-dependent disease that develops predominantly in women of reproductive age and is characterized by the presence of pain syndrome and infertility. Today, endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age, however, the etiology and pathogenesis of it are not completely clear. Violations of systemic immunity are most important in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The literature data on the features of the immune response in endometriosis in combination with genital infection are few and contradictory. Purpose – to study the features of systemic immunity in women with external genital endometriosis and pathogens of genital infection.A total of 159 women with external genital endometriosis were examined. The main lymphocyte subpopulations, the functional activity of neutrophils and peripheral blood monocytes, and the content of cytokines in the blood serum were studied. A study of systemic immunity was performed in women with 1-2 and 3-4 stages of endometriosis, as well as depending on the presence of pathogens of genital infection. The presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma genitalium, HSV1, 2/CMV, HPV in the endometrium, peritoneal fluid, and endometrioid heterotopies was determined. Statistical processing was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22.2 statistical analysis software package.According to the results of the study, it was found that women with endometriosis of stages 1-2 show signs of systemic inflammation with a predominance of the Th2 type of immune response and inhibition of cellular immunity. A particular feature of HPV was an increase in T-NK lymphocytes, a decrease in IL-2 and neutrophil functional activity. The presence of Ureaplasma spp./Mycoplasma genitalium was characterized by a decrease in cellular immunity and an increase in T-NK cells. Only with HPV and Ureaplasma spp./Mycoplasma genitalium decreased synthesis of IL-2, IL-6. With 3-4 stages, the most significant changes in immunity were found in groups of women with genital infection. When HPV – a high level of IgA, increased IgM, IL-8. With Ureaplasma spp./Mycoplasma genitalium – inhibition of cellular immunity, high levels of IgA, reduction of neutrophil phagocytic activity.Thus, in women with endometriosis in the presence of pathogens of genital infection revealed features that may contribute to the development and progression of the disease. 

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes in women of reproductive age

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Williams ◽  
Kathryn Evans Kreider
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of reproductive age ranges from 3% to 7%. Due to the common nature of this condition, it is imperative for nurse practitioners who care for women to understand evidence-based methods of diabetes management. The aim of this article is to describe current screening and diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes, discuss current evidence-based management and patient education necessary to prevent long-term complications, and provide the tools for a healthy reproductive plan in women with type 2 diabetes from puberty until menopause. Diabetes management extends well beyond glucose control, and nurse practitioners should be attuned to all factors that can impact cardiovascular risk and quality of life.

scholarly journals Specifics of Hormonal Status in Combined Dishormonal Pathology of the Uterus and Mammary Glands in Reproductive Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Shelygin ◽  
Nadezhda S. Guziy ◽  
Viktoria S. Kaplitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Hormonal Dysfunction ◽  
Endocrine Status

The combined dyshormonal pathology of the uterus and mammary glands represents a great danger to the health of a woman, as well as impairs the quality of life, reduces the reproductive capacity of a woman and leads to premature loss of reproductive function. Steroid hormones play a large role in the regulation of proliferative changes in the uterus and mammary glands. Regulation of target organs, uterus and mammary glands, due to the presence of common mechanisms associated with the presence of the receptor apparatus in the tissues of these organs to sex hormones. The general links of pathogenesis and the high frequency of combined pathology of the uterus and mammary glands are of interest to study not only isolated forms of proliferation, but also the development of a unified systematic approach to the study of this pathology. In recent times, there are opposing views on the role of hormonal dysfunction as a factor in proliferative processes. The management tactics of patients with pathological changes in the mammary gland in various gynecological diseases is an assessment of endocrine status, normalization of hormonal and metabolic disorders, especially when progesterone and cortisol are excreted, testosterone levels are increased, and hyperprolactinemia is affected. Special attention should be paid to patients with menstrual disorders, reproductive health disorders. We believe that the problem of the hyperproliferative processes of the uterus and mammary glands should not be considered only from the perspective of gynecological or mammological practice. This pathology is polymorphic and should have broad interdisciplinary connections with such disciplines as oncology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, therapy, pathomorphology, histology, obstetrics and gynecology. Only by studying all possible links of etiopathogenesis, by combining interdisciplinary communication, it is possible to effectively fight for the quality of patients with a combined pathology of the uterus and mammary glands. Family planning, prevention of unplanned pregnancy, timely implementation of maternity, prevention of miscarriage, the use of modern contraceptives, support for breastfeeding is also of high importance for the prevention of disorders and the preservation, extension of reproductive capabilities, and the prevention of combined dyshormonal pathology of the uterus and breast.

scholarly journals Relationship between hormonal contraceptives and sleep among women of reproductive age: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e045819
Author(s):  
Jinhui Ma ◽  
Megan Cheng ◽  
Lehana Thabane ◽  
Caihong Ma ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

IntroductionThe aetiology of sleep disruptions is unknown, but hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause have been shown to potentially affect how well a woman sleeps. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether hormonal contraceptives are associated with a decreased quality of sleep and increased sleep duration in women of reproductive age.MethodsThis review will analyse data from randomised controlled trials or non-randomised comparative studies investigating the association between hormonal contraceptives and sleep outcomes among women of reproductive age. Reviews addressing the same research question with similar eligibility criteria will be included. A literature search will be performed using the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception to 7 March 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias for Randomised Trials V.2.0 and The Risk of Bias for Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool will be used to assess risk of bias for each outcome in eligible studies. Two reviewers will independently assess eligibility of studies and risk of bias and extract the data. All extracted data will be presented in tables and narrative form. For sleep measures investigated by two or more studies with low heterogeneity, we will conduct random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of the overall effect of hormonal contraceptives. If studies included in this systematic review form a connected network, a network meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate the comparative effect of different contraceptives. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach will be used to summarise the quality of evidence. Our protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as data were sourced from previously reported studies. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020199958.

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