scholarly journals Spatial distribution of proteins and metabolites in developing wheat grain and their differential regulatory response during the grain filling process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Arindam Ghatak ◽  
Mitra Mahammad Bazargani ◽  
Prasad Bajaj ◽  
Rajeev K. Varshney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Regulatory Response

scholarly journals Relationship between grain-filling process and sink capacity in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

1989 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneo KATO
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Sink Capacity

Effect of spikelet removal on the grain filling of Akenohoshi, a rice cultivar with numerous spikelets in a panicle

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. KATO
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Sink Capacity ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Filling Characteristics

The Japanese rice cultivar, Akenohoshi, has numerous spikelets in a panicle (extra-heavy panicle type) and achieves a large yield sink capacity. However, this cultivar, as well as other extra-heavy panicle types, does not always produce higher yields because of poor grain filling of the spikelets on the secondary branches in a panicle. To determine whether the poor grain filling found in Akenohoshi was due to source-limited or sink-limited conditions, the present study examined the responses of grain-filling characteristics to several spikelet-removal treatments immediately after heading. Only when the spikelets on secondary branches remained was a significant increase in filled grain percentage in this spikelet position observed. This increase seemed to be associated with the increases in rate and duration of the grain-filling process and in single grain weight in this spikelet position. These results clearly indicate that the poor grain filling in the spikelet on secondary branches of Akenohoshi could mainly be attributed not to sink-limited conditions, but to source-limited conditions probably at specific stages of grain filling.

Spatial Distribution of Phenolic Materials in Durum Wheat Grain as Probed by Confocal Fluorescence Spectral Imaging

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saadi ◽  
I. Lempereur ◽  
S. Sharonov ◽  
J.C. Autran ◽  
M. Manfait
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Confocal Fluorescence

scholarly journals Grain-filling Process in Waxy (Glutinous) Isogenic and Non-waxy Lines of Rice

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi TAKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Process

scholarly journals Simulation of wheat yield by nitrogen and nonlinearity of environmental conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Ana P. B. Trautmann ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Manuel O. Binelo ◽  
Antonio C. Valdiero ◽  
Luana Henrichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT Fuzzy logic can simulate wheat productivity by assisting crop predictability. The objective of the study is the use of fuzzy logic to simulate wheat yield in the conditions of nitrogen use, together with the effects of air temperature and rainfall, in the main cereal succession systems in Southern Brazil. The study was conducted in the years 2014, 2015 and 2016, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four repetitions in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme for N-fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60, 120 kg ha-1) and nutrient supply forms [100% in phenological stage V3 (third expanded leaf); (70%/30%) in the phenological stage V3/V6 (third and sixth expanded leaf) and; fractionated (70%/30%) at the phenological stage V3/E (third expanded leaf and beginning of grain filling)], respectively, in the soybean/wheat and corn/wheat systems. The pertinence functions and the linguistic values established for the input and output variables are adequate for the use of fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic simulates wheat grain yield efficiently in the conditions of nitrogen use with air temperature and rainfall in crop systems.

scholarly journals Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihao Wei ◽  
Shuping Xiong ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Meng ◽  
Lulu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Endosperm Transfer Cells

Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a major role in plant nitrogen metabolism, but the roles of individual GS isoforms in grains are unknown. Here, the localization and expression of individual TaGS isozymes in wheat grain were probed with TaGS isoenzyme-specific antibodies, and the nitrogen metabolism of grain during the grain filling stage were investigated. Immunofluorescence revealed that TaGS1;1, TaGS1;3, and TaGS2 were expressed in different regions of the embryo. In grain transporting tissues, TaGS1;2 was localized in vascular bundle; TaGS1;2 and TaGS1;1 were in chalaza and placentochalaza; TaGS1;1 and TaGS1;3 were in endosperm transfer cells; and TaGS1;3 and TaGS2 were in aleurone layer. GS exhibited maximum activity and expression at 8 days after flowering (DAF) with peak glutamine content in grains; from then, NH4+ increased largely from NO3- reduction, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) aminating activity increased continuously, and the activities of GS and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) decreased, while only TaGS1;3 kept a stable expression in different TaGS isozymes. Hence, GS-GOGAT cycle and GDH play different roles in NH4+ assimilation of grain in different stages of grain development; TaGS1;3, located in aleurone layer and endosperm transfer cells, plays a key role in Gln into endosperm for gluten synthesis. At 30 DAF, grain amino acids are mainly transported from maternal phloem.

scholarly journals Determination of Wheat Spike and Spikelet Architecture and Grain Traits Using X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Zhou ◽  
William R. Whalley ◽  
Malcolm J. Hawkesford ◽  
Andrew B. Riche ◽  
Brian Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
X Ray Computed

Abstract BackgroundWheat spike architecture is a key determinant of multiple grain yield components and detailed examination of spike morphometric traits is beneficial to explain wheat grain yield and the effects of differing agronomy and genetics. However, quantification of spike morphometric traits has been very limited because it relies on time-consuming manual measurements. ResultsIn this study, using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging, we proposed a method to automatically and efficiently detect the 3D architecture of wheat spikes and component spikelets by clustering grains based on their Euclidean distance and relative positions. Morphometric characteristics of wheat spikelets and grains, e.g. number, size and spatial distribution along the spike can be automatically determined. Two commercial wheat cultivars, one old, Maris Widgeon, and one modern, Siskin, were studied as examples. The average grain volume of Maris Widgeon and Siskin did not differ, but Siskin had more grains per spike and therefore greater total grain volume per spike. The spike length and spikelet number were not statistically different between the two cultivars. However, Siskin had a higher spikelet density (number of spikelets per unit spike length), with more grains and greater grain volume per spikelet than Maris Widgeon. Spatial distribution analysis revealed the number of grains, the average grain volume and the total grain volume of individual spikelets varied along the spike. Siskin had more grains and greater grain volumes per spikelet from spikelet 6, but not spikelet 1-5, compared with Maris Widgeon. The distribution of average grain volume along the spike was similar for the two wheat cultivars. ConclusionThe proposed method can automatically and efficiently extract spike, spikelet and grain morphometric traits of different wheat cultivars, which can contribute to a more detailed understanding of the sink of wheat grain yield.

Effects of Exogenous ABA and 6-BA on Protein Content and Grain Filling Process in Different Types of Stay-Green Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Qing YANG ◽  
Yu-Ling LI ◽  
Ying-Li NI ◽  
Yan-Ping YIN ◽  
Wei-Bing YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Effect of allele combinations at Ppd‐1 loci on durum wheat grain filling at contrasting latitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Arjona ◽  
Conxita Royo ◽  
Susanne Dreisigacker ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Joan Subirà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain

scholarly journals Co-ordinated expression of amino acid metabolism in response to N and S deficiency during wheat grain filling

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (13) ◽  
pp. 3675-3689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Howarth ◽  
Saroj Parmar ◽  
Janina Jones ◽  
Caroline E. Shepherd ◽  
Delia-Irina Corol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
S Deficiency
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