Development of Rigid Biocomposite Polyurethane Foam for Load Bearing Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli ◽  
Mohd Yazid Yahya ◽  
Farhana Shakira Md Akhir ◽  
Rohah Abd Majid
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Foam Production ◽  
Pu Foams

Polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used today in automotive and as insulation system. Due to environmental issues, efforts have been made to replace petrochemical polyol with natural-based polyol in PU foam production, without sacrificing any properties. This study aims as to produce palm oil-based polyurethane composite foam for load bearing purposes. Palm oil-based polyol (POP) was reacted with polymeric 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) with water as blowing agent and silicone surfactant to produce rigid PU foams. The foams obtained were varied by NCO:OH ratios and water content and characterized for their morphology and compressive strength. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) indicated the cells within the obtained foams are closed cells. Compressive strength of obtained foams shows considerable improvement but only up to NCO:OH ratio of 1:1.35. 

Compression Test and Energy Absorption of Polyurethane/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Foam Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Sinar ◽  
Zainuddin Firuz ◽  
M.A. Nur Azni ◽  
A.Z. Nur Hidayah ◽  
Md Akil Hazizan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Pu Foams

This paper describes the effect of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the properties, especially the strength properties of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams produced from palm oil based polyol (POP) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The foam composites in the ratio of 1:1.1 (wt. %) mixed at speed 2000 rpm. The addition of MWCNTs into PU foam are varies from 0 wt. % to 3 wt. %. The properties evaluated were compressive strength, density and energy absorption. Compressive strength of PU foam composites with 0.5% of MWCNTs showed the highest value 1.162 MPa of compressive strength compared to other foam composites. It was proved by modeling displacement nodal magnitude using NX Software (version 8.5). The density was increased 15.69 % with addition of 0.5 % MWCNTs into the PU foam. Increasing the amount of MWCNTs in PU foam was found to improve the energy absorption from 22.89 J for pure PU to 24.53 J for foam composites with 3 % MWCNTs.

Effects of Silicone Surfactant on the Water Absorption and Surface Morphology of Rigid Palm Oil-Based Polyurethane Foam

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakira Md. Akhir Farhana ◽  
Dzulkifli Mohd Haziq ◽  
Nik Nurfatmah Pz ◽  
Rohah A. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Rigid Foam ◽  
Silicone Surfactant ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Cell Window ◽  
Window Area ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Foam Production ◽  
Pu Foams

Polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used today in automotive and as insulation system. Due to environmental issues, efforts have been made to replace petrochemical polyol with natural-based polyol in PU foam production, without sacrificing any properties. This study aims to produce palm oil-based PU rigid foam for non-load bearing applications such as wall panel or insulation for buildings. Two parameters studied were percentage of water uptake and surface foam morphology. Palm oil-based polyol (POP) was reacted with polymeric 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) at 1:1 NCO:OH ratio. Water was used as blowing agent and silicone surfactant was added to produce stable rigid PU foam. The content of silicone surfactant was varied at 2 and 3 part by weight (pbw). The percentage of water uptake increased slightly with increasing surfactant contents due to siloxane portion of the surfactants, is thought able to reduce the surface tension of the cell, thus absorbing more water than 2 pbw surfactant content. The findings were supported with micrographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM) that showed a larger cell window area and thicker strut.

Compression Characterization of Polyurethane Foams with Different Formulations of Polyol and MDI

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Sinar Arzuria Adnan ◽  
Firuz Zainuddin ◽  
Hazizan Md. Akil ◽  
Sahrim Hj Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate ◽  
Pu Foams

Rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared with palm oil based polyols (POP) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in order to archieve rigid formulations. The effect of the different amount of MDI (1 wt.%, 1.1 wt.% and 2 wt.%) were studied in density, compressive strength and energy absorption. It was found that the higher compressive strength of the PU foams showed at 1.604 MPa whereas the amount of MDI increased to 1.1 wt. %. The increased amount of MDI to 2 wt.% showed the higher value in density (0.0531 kg/m3) and energy absorption with 46.490 J for 70 % displacement.

Energy Absorption Characteristics of Polyurethane Composite Foam-Filled Tubes Subjected to Quasi-Static Axial Loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 872-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kanna Subramaniyan ◽  
Shahruddin Mahzan ◽  
Mohd Imran Ghazali ◽  
Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi ◽  
Prasath Kesavan Prabagaran
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Recycled Material

Foam-filled enclosures are very common in structural crashworthiness to increase energy absorption. However, very less research has been targeted on potential use of natural/recycled material reinforced foam-filled tubes. Therefore, an experimental investigation was performed to quantify energy absorption capacity of polyurethane (PU) composite foam-filled circular steel tubes under quasi-static axial loading. The thickness of the tubes was varied from 1.9, 2.9 and 3.6 mm. The tubes were filled with PU composite foam. The PU composite foam was processed with addition of kenaf plant fiber and recycled rubber particles that were refined at 80 mesh particulates into PU system. The density of PU resin was varied from 100, 200 and 300 kgm-3. The PU composite foam-filled tubes were crushed axially at constant speed in a universal testing machine and their energy absorption was characterized from the resulting load-deflection data. Results indicate that PU composite foam-filled tubes exhibited better energy absorption capacity than those PU foam-filled tubes and its respective empty tubes. Interaction effect between the tube and the foam and incorporation of filler into PU system led to an increase in mean crushing load compared to that of the unfilled PU foam or tube itself. Relatively, progressively collapse modes were observed for all tested tubes. Findings suggested that composite foam-filled tubes could be used as crashworthy member.

scholarly journals The Influence of Neem Oil and Its Glyceride on the Structure and Characterization of Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Foam

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Yi-Han Liao ◽  
You-Lin Su ◽  
Yi-Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Solvent Resistance ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Pu Foams

Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil is a non-edible oil that contains azadirachtin, which can be used as a biopesticide. This study synthesizes bio-based polyurethane (PU) foam from neem and castor (Ricinus communis L.) oil at normal temperature and pressure. Neem oil can be reacted to narrow-distribution polyol by transesterification of oil and glycerol. Neem oil glyceride (NOG) can be used as polyol for bio-based PU foams and can be blended with castor oil homogeneously to reduce the cost of production. The composition of polyol was castor oil and 0 to 20% molar ratios of NOG. Hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (Desmodur N) was used as isocyanate. The molar ratios of NCO/OH were set as 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. The average hydroxyl contents of castor oil, neem oil and NOG were 2.7 mmol/g, 0.1 mmol/g and 5.1 mmol/g, respectively. The reaction time of bio-based PU foam could be adjusted between 5 to 10 min, which is acceptable for manufacturing. The densities of PU foams were between 49.7 and 116.2 kg/m3 and decreased with increasing NCO/OH and NOG ratios and decreasing neem oil. The ranges of specific compressive strength of foams were from 0.0056 to 0.0795 kPa·m3/kg. Increasing the NOG and neem oil ratio significantly enhanced the specific compressive strength in the low NCO/OH ratio. The solvent resistance and thermogravimetric (TG) results showed that the foams have high water and thermal stability. NOG can help to increase solvent resistance. Adding neem oil reduces the solvent resistance. The results indicated that increasing NCO/OH and NOG ratios increases the cross-linking density and hard segment content of PU foams. This investigation demonstrated that castor oil-based PU foams are improved by adding NOG to the polyol mixture. PU foam has excellent properties. Neem oil can be used in manufacturing processes to produce high-performance foams via a green synthesis process.

scholarly journals Dog Wool Microparticles/Polyurethane Composite for Thermal Insulation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Claudivan da Silva ◽  
Helena P. Felgueiras ◽  
Rasiah Ladchumananandasivam ◽  
José Ubiragi L. Mendes ◽  
Késia Karina de O. Souto Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact ◽  
Pu Foams ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

A polyurethane (PU)-based eco-composite foam was prepared using dog wool fibers as a filler. Fibers were acquired from pet shops and alkaline treated prior to use. The influence of their incorporation on the PU foams’ morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties was investigated. The random and disorganized presence of the microfibers along the foam influence their mechanical performance. Tensile and compression strengths were improved with the increased amount of dog wool microparticles on the eco-composites. The same occurred with the foams’ hydration capacity. The thermal capacity was also slightly enhanced with the incorporation of the fillers. The fillers also increased the thermal stability of the foams, reducing their dilatation with heating. The best structural stability was obtained using up to 120 °C with a maximum of 15% of filler. In the end, the dog wool waste was rationally valorized as a filler in PU foams, demonstrating its potential for insulation applications, with a low cost and minimal environmental impact.

Synthesis of Palm Oil Based Polyol via Glycerolysis and Transamidation Reactions for Polyurethane Foam Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Azhar Abdul Halim ◽  
Sabrina Soloi ◽  
Rohah A. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Polymeric Resins ◽  
Foam Production

s. Renewable sources like vegetable oil have been used to prepare many polymeric resins due to the awareness on environmental issue and depletion on petrochemical sources. In polyurethane (PU) production, petroleum based polyol such as polypropylene glycol (PPG) has been replaced with plant based polyol from canola oil, soybean oil and palm oil. However, prior to be used, these vegetable oil needs to be modify chemically or physically in order to increase their functionality. In this study, palm oil (PO) has been modify via glyceroylsis and transamidation before reacted with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) at 1:1 NCO:OH ratio in the presence of distilled water as blowing agent and silicone surfactant as foam stabilizer to produce palm oil based PU foam. FTIR study of polyol from both routes shows that main hydroxyl group (-OH) have been successfully introduced into palm oil molecular structure. It was also found that the hardness of two routes have nearly similar values which were shore D 33.6 and 35.4 respectively. Both foams have potential to be used in many non-load bearing applications such as insulator in building or electrical appliances.

Development of Rigid Bio-Nanocomposite Polyurethane Foam for Load Bearing Application: Effect of Surfactant Composition

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli ◽  
Mohd Yazid Yahya ◽  
Rohah A. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Preliminary Finding ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Nanocomposite Foams ◽  
Nanoclay Content ◽  
Surfactant Composition ◽  
Mmt Clay

This paper presents the preliminary work on rigid palm oil-based polyurethane foam reinforced with nanoclay for load bearing purposes. In this work, palm oil-based polyol (POP) was reacted with polymeric 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) along with distilled water as the blowing agent, silicone surfactant, and montmorillonite (MMT) clay as filler to produce rigid bio-nanocomposite PU foam. The produced foams are varied by the amount of surfactant used in every foam formulation. The foams are characterized for their morphology and compression strength. The cells inside the bio-nanocomposite foams are indicated to be closed cells. No apparent changes in cell size at higher surfactant content. The compression strengths shows gradual decrease  as the surfactant composition increases, while gradual increase in density is observed when nanoclay content is increased, but up to 6 wt. % only. All in all, as indicated by this preliminary finding, rigid palm oil-based nanocomposite PU foam is a promising alternative for its conventional petroleum-based counterpart.

scholarly journals Properties of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foams Reinforced with Fillers: Microspheres and Nanoclay

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Fan ◽  
Ali Tekeei ◽  
Galen J. Suppes ◽  
Fu-Hung Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Matrix Structure ◽  
Foam Density ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Pu Foams

The effect of incorporating 1–7% microsphere and nanoclay fillers on the physical properties of polyurethane (PU) foams containing 15% soybean oil-based polyol was investigated. Increasing filler percentage reduced the PU foam density. The compressive strength of PU foams decreased slightly when increasing the microsphere content from 1 to 3% and then increased. At 7% microsphere content, the foams displayed the same compressive strength as the control foams made from 100% petroleum polyol. For PU foams reinforced with nanoclay, their compressive strength changed little from 1 to 5%, but decreased at 7% due to a lower density and weaker matrix structure. Foams containing 5 to 7% microspheres or 3 to 7% nanoclay had density-compressive strength comparable or superior to the control. Foams reinforced with fillers had more cells and smaller cell size than foams made from 15% soy-polyol but without fillers. During the foaming process, the maximal temperatures reached by PU foams were not affected by the presence of 1 to 7% of microspheres or nanoclay, but slightly lower than the control. In addition, foams with fillers displayed roughly the same thermal conductivity as soy-polyol based foams without fillers.

Soy-Based Polyurethane Foam Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes

2009 ◽  
Vol 419-420 ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wen Liang ◽  
Sheldon Q. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Pu Foams

The objective of this research is to develop soy-based polyurethane (PU) foam product reinforced with carbon nanotubes. The shortage of petroleum and the increasing concern on environmental issues have resulted in an interest in using renewable substances as building blocks for polymer applications. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) was used in this study to reinforce the soy-based polyurethane foam. The compressive and mechanical properties of the composites were enhanced with adding carbon nanotubes. Neat polyurethane was used as a control. Soy-based polyurethane / carbon nanotubes composites with loadings of 0.5 and 1.0 wt% were fabricated. The compressive, flexural, and tensile properties of MWNTs-PU foams were improved by 24, 30 and 30 %, respectively, as compared with the neat PU foam. The greatest enhancements on compressive and flexural properties were shown at the 0.5 wt% MWNT loading, while the highest tensile stress enhancement of PU foam was shown at 1 wt% MWNT loading.

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