Development of Rigid Bio-Nanocomposite Polyurethane Foam for Load Bearing Application: Effect of Surfactant Composition

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli ◽  
Mohd Yazid Yahya ◽  
Rohah A. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Preliminary Finding ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Nanocomposite Foams ◽  
Nanoclay Content ◽  
Surfactant Composition ◽  
Mmt Clay

This paper presents the preliminary work on rigid palm oil-based polyurethane foam reinforced with nanoclay for load bearing purposes. In this work, palm oil-based polyol (POP) was reacted with polymeric 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) along with distilled water as the blowing agent, silicone surfactant, and montmorillonite (MMT) clay as filler to produce rigid bio-nanocomposite PU foam. The produced foams are varied by the amount of surfactant used in every foam formulation. The foams are characterized for their morphology and compression strength. The cells inside the bio-nanocomposite foams are indicated to be closed cells. No apparent changes in cell size at higher surfactant content. The compression strengths shows gradual decrease  as the surfactant composition increases, while gradual increase in density is observed when nanoclay content is increased, but up to 6 wt. % only. All in all, as indicated by this preliminary finding, rigid palm oil-based nanocomposite PU foam is a promising alternative for its conventional petroleum-based counterpart.

Development of Rigid Biocomposite Polyurethane Foam for Load Bearing Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Haziq Dzulkifli ◽  
Mohd Yazid Yahya ◽  
Farhana Shakira Md Akhir ◽  
Rohah Abd Majid
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Foam Production ◽  
Pu Foams

Polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used today in automotive and as insulation system. Due to environmental issues, efforts have been made to replace petrochemical polyol with natural-based polyol in PU foam production, without sacrificing any properties. This study aims as to produce palm oil-based polyurethane composite foam for load bearing purposes. Palm oil-based polyol (POP) was reacted with polymeric 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) with water as blowing agent and silicone surfactant to produce rigid PU foams. The foams obtained were varied by NCO:OH ratios and water content and characterized for their morphology and compressive strength. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) indicated the cells within the obtained foams are closed cells. Compressive strength of obtained foams shows considerable improvement but only up to NCO:OH ratio of 1:1.35. 

Crush Response of Polyurethane Foam-Filled Aluminium Tube Subjected to Axial Loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chawalit Thinvongpituk ◽  
Nirut Onsalung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Asymmetric Mode ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Collapse Mode ◽  
Empty Tube ◽  
Foam Filled

In this paper, the experimental investigation of polyurethane (PU) foam-filled into circular aluminum tubes subjected to axial crushing was presented. The purpose of this study is to improve the energy absorption of aluminium tube under axial quasi-static load. The aluminium tube was made from the AA6063-T5 aluminium alloy tubes. Each tube was filled with polyurethane foam. The density of foam was varied from 100, 150 and 200 kg/mP3P including with empty tube. The range of diameter/thickness (D/t) ratio of tube was varied from 15-55. The specimen were tested by quasi-static axial load with crush speed of 50 mm/min using the 2,000 kN universal testing machine. The load-displacement curves while testing were recorded for calculation. The mode of collapse of each specimen was analyzed concerning on foam density and the influence of D/t ratio. The results revealed that the tube with foam-filled provided significantly increment of the energy absorption than that of the empty tube. While the density of foam and D/t ratios increase, the tendency of collapse mode is transformed from asymmetric mode to concertina mode.

Uplift and Settlement Prediction Model of Marine Clay Soil e Integrated with Polyurethane Foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
D.C. Lat ◽  
I.B.M. Jais ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
B. Baharom ◽  
N.Z. Mohd Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Effective Thickness ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Uplift Pressure ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Improvement Method

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foam is a lightweight material that can be used efficiently as a ground improvement method in solving excessive and differential settlement of soil foundation mainly for infrastructures such as road, highway and parking spaces. The ground improvement method is done by excavation and removal of soft soil at shallow depth and replacement with lightweight PU foam slab. This study is done to simulate the model of marine clay soil integrated with polyurethane foam using finite element method (FEM) PLAXIS 2D for prediction of settlement behavior and uplift effect due to polyurethane foam mitigation method. Model of soft clay foundation stabilized with PU foam slab with variation in thickness and overburden loads were analyzed. Results from FEM exhibited the same trend as the results of the analytical method whereby PU foam has successfully reduced the amount of settlement significantly. With the increase in PU foam thickness, the settlement is reduced, nonetheless the uplift pressure starts to increase beyond the line of effective thickness. PU foam design chart has been produced for practical application in order to adopt the effective thickness of PU foam within tolerable settlement value and uplift pressure with respect to different overburden loads for ground improvement works.

Study on Multi-Axial Mechanical Properties of a Polyurethane Foam and Experimental Verification

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Shou Hong Han ◽  
Zhen Hua Lu ◽  
Yong Jin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Hydrostatic Compression ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Pu Foam

In order to investigate the multi-axial mechanical properties of a kind of PU (polyurethane) foam, some experiments in different loading conditions including uni-axial tension, uni-axial compression, hydrostatic compression and three-point bending were conducted. It is shown that the hydrostatic component influences yield behavior of PU foam, the yield strength and degree of strain hardening in hydrostatic compression exceed those for uni-axial compression. In terms of the differential hardening constitutive model, the evolution of PU foam yield surface and plastic hardening laws were fitted from experimental data. A finite element method was applied to analyze the quasi-static responses of the PU foam sandwich beam subjected to three-point bending, and good agreement was observed between experimental load-displacement responses and computational predictions, which validated the multi-axial loading methods and stress-strain constitutive model parameters. Moreover, effects of two foam models applied to uni-axial loading and multi-axial loading conditions were analyzed and compared with three-point bending tests and simulations. It is found that the multi-axial constitutive model can bring more accurate prediction whose parameters are obtained from the tests above mentioned.

Effects of water hyacinth fiber size on sound absorption properties of advanced recycled palm oil-based polyurethane foam composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathapong Sukhawipat ◽  
Thanathach Yingshataporn-a-nan ◽  
Tanapat Minanandana ◽  
Kitchapat Puksuwan ◽  
Laksana Saengdee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Foam Composite ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Water Hyacinth Fiber

scholarly journals Liquefaction of waste pine wood and its application in the synthesis of a flame retardant polyurethane foam

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
pp. 30334-30344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dizhu Yue ◽  
Oluwasola Oribayo ◽  
Garry L. Rempel ◽  
Qinmin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Sustainable Forestry ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Pu Foam

The utilization of sustainable forestry waste resources in the production of polyurethane (PU) foam is a promising green alternative to the use of un-sustainable resources.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunch: Yields and analysis of bio-oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachrun Sutrisno ◽  
Arif Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

The palm oil industry is currently growing rapidly and generating large amounts of biomass waste that is not utilized properly. Palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB), by product of palm oil industry is considered as a promising alternative and renewable energy source that can be converted to a liquid product by pyrolysis process. In this work, pyrolysis of PEFB was studied to produce bio-oil. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a bench scale tubular furnace reactor. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures (400–600 °C) at heating rate of 10 °C/min to optimize the pyrolysis process for maximum liquid yield were investigated. The characteristics of bio-oil were analyzed using FTIR and GC–MS. The results showed that the maximum bio-oil yield was 44.5 wt. % of the product at 450 °C. The bio-oil products were mainly composed of acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oligomers. The chemical characterization showed that the bio-oil obtained from PEFB may be potentially valuable as a fuel and chemical feedstock.

scholarly journals Recovery of Flexible Polyurethane Foam Waste for Efficient Reuse in Industrial Formulations

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Kiss ◽  
Gerlinde Rusu ◽  
Francisc Peter ◽  
Ionuț Tănase ◽  
Geza Bandur
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pu Foams ◽  
Glycolysis Process

Ester polyurethane (PU) foam waste was reacted at atmospheric pressure in an autoclave and using microwaves with diethylene glycol (DEG) at different PU/DEG ratios in the presence of diethanolamine as a catalyst to find the glycolysis conditions that allow for the improved recovery of the PU foam waste and enable the recycling of the whole glycolysis product in foam formulations suitable for industrial application. The recycled polyol was characterized by dynamic viscosity, hydroxyl number, water content, and density, while thermal stability was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis. In the PU foam formulation, 1% and 5% of the glycolyzed material was reused. The relationship between the reuse level of the recycled polyol and the physical properties of the foam was thoroughly investigated. It was observed that both hardness and air flow decreased with increasing recycled polyol content, particularly for the polyester type foam, while tensile strength and compression strength increased. Depending on the amount of recycled polyol and catalyst used, polyether-based foams could be obtained with a low air permeability, needed in special applications as sealed foams, or with higher air permeability desirable for comfort PU foams. The results open the way for further optimization studies of industrial polyurethane foam formulations using a glycolysis process without any separation stage.

scholarly journals Green Flexible Polyurethane Foam as a Potent Support for Fe-Si Adsorbent

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afiqah Ahmad ◽  
Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil ◽  
Thomas Shean Yaw Choong ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Sufri Mastuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This paper describes the preparation, characterisation, and potential application of flexible palm oil-based polyurethane foam (PUF) as a support for iron-silica (Fe-Si) adsorbent. Fe-Si/polyurethane composite (Fe-Si/PUC) was prepared by impregnating Fe-Si adsorbent onto the surface of PUF by using a novel immersion-drying method. Morphological analysis of Fe-Si/PUC proved that Fe-Si was successfully impregnated onto the surface of PUF. Compression test and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to determine the flexibility and thermal stability of Fe-Si/PUC, respectively. The Fe-Si/PUC removed 90.0% of 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution in 60 min. The reusability study showed that Fe-Si/PUC removed 55.9% of MB on the seventh cycle. Hence, the synthesis of Fe-Si/PUC opens up a new path of implementing palm oil-based PUF to assist in the recovery of an adsorbent for environmental clean-up. The mechanism of physical interaction during the impregnation of Fe-Si adsorbent onto PUF was proposed in this paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document