MASA MENUNGGU KERANA MASA LENGAH BAS DI PUTRAJAYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslawati Abdul Wahab ◽  
Muhamad Nazri Borhan ◽  
Riza Atiq Abdullah O.K. Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Saturated Traffic

Passenger waiting time is included in the estimated travel time. Waiting time will be unstable and unpredictable in estimation because of inconsistencies of bus arrival times at stops. These can result an unreliable of bus service. This paper examines the waiting time due to three factors; delay resulting from inaccuracies of bus departure time, delay during the process of boarding and alighting passengers and delay when the bus unable to maintain constant velocity because of saturated traffic flow. The research used the combination of mathematical model and Design Expert Research Methodology Surface (RSM) applications which has pivotal role in acquire optimum waiting time based on constraints delay between two arrival times at stop. The optimum waiting time obtained from the output design target in range 0-15 minutes were 4 minutes for route L01 and 5.87 minutes for L05. The estimated waiting time obtained from this research can be used as a key feature in the design of buses operating to minimize the delay and at the same time get the reliability of passengers.

Investigation on Evaluation of Terminal Departure Capacity Based on Route Intersection

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 2262-2265
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Kong
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Air Traffic Flow Management ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Traffic Flow Management ◽  
Airport Terminal

Air traffic flow management is the key to evaluate airspace capacity reasonably and accurately. Based on the flight features of terminal route intersection, this paper builds a mathematical model for scattered flight of departure aircraft, and then evaluates the terminal capacity based on this model. By combining data from Flight Data Recorder (FDR) and flight schedule with the model, an example-runway 02R of Guangzhou Baiyun airport terminal was given to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Dynamics Analysis of a Mathematical Model for New Product Innovation Diffusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chunru Li ◽  
Zujun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
New Product ◽  
Normal Form Theory ◽  
Center Manifold Theorem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Form Theory ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

In this paper, a mathematical model with time-delay-related parameters and media coverage to describe the diffusion process of new products is proposed, in which the time-delay-related parameters denote the stage in which potential customers decide whether to adopt a new product. Then, the stability and the Hopf bifurcation of the proposed model are analyzed in detail. The center manifold theorem and the normal form theory are used to investigate the stability of the bifurcating periodic solution. Moreover, a numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the difference between the model with delay-dependent parameters and that with delay-independent parameters. The results show that there is significant difference between the two models.

scholarly journals Assessment of patients waiting and service times in the ophthalmology clinic of a public tertiary hospital in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Lateefat B. Olokoba ◽  
Kabir A. Durowade ◽  
Feyi G. Adepoju ◽  
Abdulfatai B. Olokoba
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Service Times

Introduction: Long waiting time in the out-patient clinic is a major cause of dissatisfaction in Eye care services. This study aimed to assess patients’ waiting and service times in the out-patient Ophthalmology clinic of UITH. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in March and April 2019. A multi-staged sampling technique was used. A timing chart was used to record the time in and out of each service station. An experience based exit survey form was used to assess patients’ experience at the clinic. The frequency and mean of variables were generated. Student t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to establish the association and relationship between the total clinic, service, waiting, and clinic arrival times. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethical Review Board of the UITH. Result: Two hundred and twenty-six patients were sampled. The mean total waiting time was 180.3± 84.3 minutes, while the mean total service time was 63.3±52.0 minutes. Patient’s average total clinic time was 243.7±93.6 minutes. Patients’ total clinic time was determined by the patients’ clinic status and clinic arrival time. Majority of the patients (46.5%) described the time spent in the clinic as long but more than half (53.0%) expressed satisfaction at the total time spent at the clinic. Conclusion: Patients’ clinic and waiting times were long, however, patients expressed satisfaction with the clinic times.

scholarly journals Formulated Mathematical Model for Delayed Particle Flow in Cascaded Sub-Surface Water Reservoirs with Validation on River Flow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ombaki Richard ◽  
Kerongo Joash ◽  
Okwoyo M. James
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Discrete Time Delay ◽  
Mixing Problem

Pollution of sub-surface water reservoirs mainly rivers and streams through contaminated water point sources (CWPS) was studied. The objective was to formulate a discrete time delay mathematical model which describes the dynamics of reservoir pollution using mixing-problem processes that involve single species contaminants such as nitrates, phosphorous and detergents. The concentration  of pollutants was expressed as a function of the inflow and outflow rates using the principle for the conservation of mass. Systems of ODEs generated from principles of mixing problems were refined into a system of DDEs so that the concentration of pollutant leaving the reservoir at time would be determined at some earlier instant, for the delay. The formulated model is a mathematical discrete time delay model which would be used to describe the dynamics of sub-surface water reservoir pollution. The results from the validation of the model were analyzed   to determine how time delays in the mixing processes affect the rate of particle movement in water reservoirs.

scholarly journals Development, calibration and verification of mathematical model for multilane urban road traffic flow. Part I

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Evgen'evich Alekseenko ◽  
Yaroslav Aleksandrovich Kholodov ◽  
Alexander Sergeevich Kholodov ◽  
Anna Igorevna Goreva ◽  
Mikhail Olegovich Vasilev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Flow Part ◽  
Calibration And Verification

Routing Solutions for the Service Industry

2011 ◽  
pp. 46-78
Author(s):  
Burcin Bozkaya ◽  
Buyang Cao ◽  
Kaan Aktolug
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Vehicle Routing Problems ◽  
Wide Applicability ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Bus Service

First introduced by Dantzig and Ramser over 50 years ago, vehicle routing problems (VRP) have drawn the attention of both academic researchers and practitioners due to its difficult-to-solve nature and hence its attractiveness in theoretical research as well as wide applicability in real-world settings. Today VRP is probably one of the most widely encountered types of problems for routing and distribution in the service industry. Examples include furniture delivery to a customer’s address, scheduling of bus service pick-up/drop-off for students or company personnel, or service technician routing. The goal of this chapter is to provide a background, mathematical model and various solution approaches on a more commonly encountered variant of the problem, namely the VRP with Time Windows (VRPTW). The authors also present three case studies from their experience in the service industry that are real applications of VRPTW. For each study, they describe the overall approach and methodology, and the positive contributions to the respective company which has implemented enterprise-scale GIS-based systems around the distribution problem of interest.

A mathematical model for preventing HIV virus from proliferating inside CD4 T brownian cell using Gaussian jump nanorobot

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abd Allah El-Hadidy ◽  
Alaa A. Alzulaibani
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Nonlinear Flow ◽  
Stat Phys ◽  
Jump Length ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf

We present a statistical distribution of a nanorobot motion inside the blood. This distribution is like the distribution of A and B particles in continuous time random walk scheme inside the fluid reactive anomalous transport with stochastic waiting time depending on the Gaussian distribution and a Gaussian jump length which is detailed in Zhang and Li [J. Stat. Phys., Published Online with https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-018-2185-8 , 2018]. Rather than estimating the length parameter of the jumping distance of the nanorobot, we normalize the Probability Density Function (PDF) and present some reliability properties for this distribution. In addition, we discuss the truncated version of this distribution and its statistical properties, and estimate its length parameter. We use the estimated distance to study the conditions that give a finite expected value of the first meeting time between this nanorobot in the case of nonlinear flow with independent [Formula: see text]-dimensional Gaussian jumps and an independent [Formula: see text]-dimensional CD4 T Brownian cell in the blood ([Formula: see text]-space) to prevent the HIV virus from proliferating within this cell.

scholarly journals Decoupling Adaptive Smith Prediction Model of Flatness Closed-Loop Control and Its Application

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Mingming Song ◽  
Hongmin Liu ◽  
Yanghuan Xu ◽  
Dongcheng Wang ◽  
Yangyang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Control System ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Delay System ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Time Delay System ◽  
Single Loop ◽  
Flatness Control ◽  
Pure Time Delay

Flatness control system is characterized by multi-parameters, strong coupling, pure time delay, which complicate the establishment of an accurate mathematical model. Therefore, a control scheme that combines dynamic decoupling, PI (Proportion and Integral) control and adaptive Smith predictive compensation is proposed. To this end, a dynamic matrix is used to decouple the control system. A multivariable coupled pure time-delay system is transformed into several independent generalized single-loop pure time-delay systems. Then, a PI-adaptive Smith predictive controller is constructed for the decoupled generalized single-loop pure time-delay system. Simulations show that the scheme has a simple and feasible structure, and good control performance. When the mathematical model of the control system is inaccurate, the control performance of adaptive Smith control method is evidently better than that of the ordinary Smith control method. The model is successfully applied to the cold rolling production site through LabVIEW, and the control accuracy is within 5I. This study reveals a new solution to the problem of coupled pure time-delay in flatness control system.

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