scholarly journals Effects of simulated microgravity on rice (MR219) growth and yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Athirah Zulkifli ◽  
Teoh Chin Chuang ◽  
Ong Keat Khim ◽  
Ummul Fahri Abdul Rauf ◽  
Norliza Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Rice Tungro Disease ◽  
Rice Seeds

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food in many Asian countries with an ever increasing demand. However, the production of high quality rice seeds is insufficient to meet this demand. Research on plant growth in space related to the exposure of a microgravity environment are rare, costly and time-limited. Similar experiments can be conducted on the ground to simulate the microgravity condition using a 2-D clinostat which compensates for the unilateral influence of gravity. This study was conducted to establish a simple and cost effective technique to enhance the quality of the Malaysian rice seed variety MR 219 by using a 2-D clinostat and to determine the effects of simulated microgravity on the growth and yield of the rice seeds. The experiments were performed at different rotation speeds (2 rpm and 10 rpm) for 10 days at room temperature. The rice growth and yield parameters were measured every 2 weeks and at harvest time (day 110), respectively.  The data were analysed using the MINITAB statistical software package. The mean value estimates of the parameters obtained under different conditions were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey test for multiple comparisons using a 0.05 significance level. Significant differences in the number of tiller, stem width , chlorophyll content , weight of grains and panicles and total grain weight per plant were identified at rotation speed 10 rpm  when compared to rotation speed 2 rpm and control. The highest means were mainly obtained under 10 rpm clinorotated rice seeds. In general, plants grown from 10 rpm clinorotated seeds are also more resistant to rice diseases (rice blast disease, rice tungro disease and hopper burn). These results suggest that simulated microgravity using a 2-D clinostat affected several rice (MR219) growth and yield parameters significantly. 

scholarly journals Decreased biofilm formation in Proteus mirabilis after short-term exposure to a simulated microgravity environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Wang ◽  
Po Bai ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Xiaolei Su ◽  
Xuege Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Constructive Method ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Background Microbes threaten human health in space exploration. Studies have shown that Proteus mirabilis has been found in human space habitats. In addition, the biological characteristics of P. mirabilis in space have been studied unconditionally. The simulated microgravity environment provides a platform for understanding the changes in the biological characteristics of P. mirabilis. Objective This study intends to explore the effect of simulated microgravity on P. mirabilis, the formation of P. mirabilis biofilm, and its related mechanism. Methods The strange deformable rods were cultured continuously for 14 days under microgravity simulated in high-aspect rotating vessels (HARVs). The morphology, growth rate, metabolism, and biofilm formation of the strain were measured, and the phenotypic changes of P. mirabilis were evaluated. Transcriptome sequencing was used to detect differentially expressed genes under simulated microgravity and compared with phenotype. Results The growth rate, metabolic ability, and biofilm forming ability of P. mirabilis were lower than those of normal gravity culture under the condition of simulated microgravity. Further analysis showed that the decrease of growth rate, metabolic ability, and biofilm forming ability may be caused by the downregulation of related genes (pstS, sodB, and fumC). Conclusion The simulated microgravity condition enables us to explore the potential relationship between bacterial phenotype and molecular biology, thus opening up a suitable and constructive method for medical fields that have not been explored before. It provides a certain strategy for the treatment of P. mirabilis infectious diseases in space environment by exploring the microgravity of P. mirabilis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pathogenesis and biofilm formation ability of Yersinia pestis after 40-day exposure to simulated microgravity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Li ◽  
Yulu Chen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ruifu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Normal Gravity ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Crystal Violet Staining ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Manned Space Missions

Abstract Background: With the increase of manned space missions and the rise of space microbiology, the research of microbes grown under microgravity environment attracts more attentions. The research scope in space microbiology has been extended beyond pathogens directly related to spaceflight Y. pestis, the causative agent of plague, is also of interest to researchers. Results: After Y. pestis strain 201 cultivated for 40 consecutive passages in either simulated microgravity and normal gravity (NG) conditions, the cultures were used to observe the main phenotypic features of Y. pestis. By using crystal violet staining assays, increased biofilm amount was detected in Y. pestis grown under SMG condition. Besides that, the damage degrees of Hela cell caused by SMG-grown Y. pestis were found diminished in relative to those NG condition. Consistent with this observation, death course was delayed in mice infected with SMG-grown Y. pestis, suggesting that microgravity condition could contribute the attenuated virulence. RNA-seq-based transcriptomics analysis showed a total of 219 genes were differentially regulated, of which 92 upregulated and 127 downregulated. We found dozens of virulence-associated genes were downregulated, which partially explained the reduced virulence of Y. pestis under SMG condition. Our study demonstrated that long-term exposure to simulated microgravity influence the pathogenesis and biofilm formation ability of Y. pestis in a different way, which provides a novel avenue to study the mechanism of physiology and virulence in this pathogen.Conclusions: Microgravity enhanced the ability of biofilm formation of Y. pestis. The virulence and cytotoxicity of Y. pestis were reduced under the microgravity environment. The expressions of many virulence-associated genes of Y. pestis were differentially regulated in response to the stimulated microgravity.

Effects of different cadmium levels on the growth and yield parameters of wild Vigna

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Beckley Ikhajiagbe ◽  
◽  
Geoffery O. Anoliefo ◽  
Edokpolor O. Ohanmu ◽  
Ephraim Aliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Parameters

scholarly journals LAMP-based foldable microdevice platform for the rapid detection of Magnaporthe oryzae and Sarocladium oryzae in rice seed

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Prasannakumar ◽  
P. Buela Parivallal ◽  
Devanna Pramesh ◽  
H. B. Mahesh ◽  
Edwin Raj
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Template Dna ◽  
Assay Conditions

AbstractRice blast (caused by Magnaporthe oryzae) and sheath rot diseases (caused by Sarocladium oryzae) are the most predominant seed-borne pathogens of rice. The detection of both pathogens in rice seed is essential to avoid production losses. In the present study, a microdevice platform was designed, which works on the principles of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect M. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seeds. Initially, a LAMP, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and helicase dependent amplification (HDA) assays were developed with primers, specifically targeting M. oryzae and S. oryzae genome. The LAMP assay was highly efficient and could detect the presence of M. oryzae and S. oryzae genome at a concentration down to 100 fg within 20 min at 60 °C. Further, the sensitivity of the LAMP, HDA, PCR, and qPCR assays were compared wherein; the LAMP assay was highly sensitive up to 100 fg of template DNA. Using the optimized LAMP assay conditions, a portable foldable microdevice platform was developed to detect M. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seeds. The foldable microdevice assay was similar to that of conventional LAMP assay with respect to its sensitivity (up to 100 fg), rapidity (30 min), and specificity. This platform could serve as a prototype for developing on-field diagnostic kits to be used at the point of care centers for the rapid diagnosis of M. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seeds. This is the first study to report a LAMP-based foldable microdevice platform to detect any plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Squash Influenced by Leaf Pruning and Gibberellic Acid (GA3)

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Tanzina Baby ◽  
Banalata Das ◽  
Anjuman Ara ◽  
Shormin Choudhury ◽  
Jasim Uddain
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University's Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, to determine the effect of pruning and GA3 on squash growth and yield over the period from November 2017 to February 2018 Three levels of pruning as P0 = No pruning (control), P1 = 1st pruning at 20 DAT (1st and 2nd leaves) and P2 = 2nd pruning at 30 DAT (3rd and 4th leaves) and four levels of GA3foliar application as G0 = No GA3 (control), G1 = 100 ppm GA3, G2 = 200 ppm GA3 and G3 = 400 ppm GA3 considered for the present study. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Considering growth parameters, pruning treatment had a significant effect on growth, yield contributing parameters and yield of squash except for stem base diameter and individual fruit weight. Regarding GA3 treatments, growth and yield parameters were significantly influenced except fruit diameter. In terms of the combined effect of pruning and GA3 treatments, all the studied growth and yield parameters were significantly influenced. The highest stem length (64.73 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (23.59), stem base diameter (2.09 cm), number of male flower plant-1 (8.69), number of female flower plant-1 (7.52), total number of fruits plant-1 (5.74), fruit length (22.42 cm), fruit diameter (6.15 cm), individual fruit weight (507.66 g), dry weight of fruit (6.61%), weight of fruits plant-1 (2914.33 g) and fruit yield ha-1 (29.14 t) were also found from the treatment combination of P1G1 compared to the other treatment combination. Hence, we can summarize that 1st pruning at 20 DAT (1st and 2nd leaves) with 100 ppm GA3 given the maximum output in terms of yield compared to other treatments.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Produksi Padi Melalui Penguatan Kelembagaan Perbenihan Padi Di Nagari Lubuk Pandan, Kecamatan 2 X 11 Enam Lingkung

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ivonne Ayesha
Keyword(s):  
Community Leaders ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Informal Institution ◽  
Institutional Strengthening ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
The Government

This study aims to identify the institutions that play a role in the procurement of rice seeds, describe the role of each institution, and develop policy recommendations for institutional strengthening of rice seed. The research was conducted in Nagari Lubuk Pandan, District 2x11 Six Lingkung, Padang Pariaman District, West Sumatera Province. The respondents' farmers were deliberately determined by 35 people based on the guidance of Wali Nagari and community leaders. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in table and diagram. The results showed that 1) Institutional of rice seed in Nagari Lubuk Pandan consist of formal and informal institution. The formal institutions are Gapoktan "Lubuk Pandan Sejahtera" and Saprodi Kiosk. Informal institutions are groups of other farmers who lend rice seeds. More than half of the farmers of the respondents obtained rice seed from other farmers, because it was more efficient, 2) Gapoktan "Lubuk Pandan Sejahtera", played a role in channeling seeds to its members if there is a seed assistance program from the government. Saprodi Kiosk provides high quality rice seeds at all times, but very few farmers can afford them, and 3) Farmers' structural weaknesses (low education and knowledge, narrow land, technological mastery and low group manageability), cause they are unable to integrate the provision of seed input with the farm, so that production tends to decrease. This condition needs to be improved through institutional strengthening and empowerment of farmers through concepts acceptable to farmers

scholarly journals BIOEFFICACY OF NANO NUTRIENTS (N, Zn & Cu) ON YIELD OF CAPSICUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sam Ruban ◽  
B. Gayathri ◽  
C. Jeyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Prime Source

Vegetables are the prime source of vitamins and minerals. As the population increases there is also increase in demand for nutritional vegetables, but in the conventional method of horticulture the production and productivity is considerably less. Thus to increase the productivity and to feed the over burgeoning population there is a need for novel fertilizers such as Nano fertilizers. An experiment was hence conducted in Chinapettai village, Panruti to investigate the Bio-efficacy of Nano nutrients (Nano Nitrogen, Zinc and Copper) on growth and yield of Capsicum. The experiment was carried out in RBD design (Randomized block design) with three replications and ten treatments. Results showed that the treatment with 100% RD-N+100% RD-P + 100 % RD-K + Nano N + Nano Cu + Nano Zn followed by 100% RD-N +100% RD-P + 100 % RD-K + Nano N and 75% RD-N+100% RD-P + 100 % RD-K + Nano N + Nano Cu + Nano Zn recorded maximum growth and yield parameters. In contrast 50% RD-N + 100% RDP + 100 % RD-K + Nano N showed increase in yield than the control (100% RDF (-N: -P: -K)(250:150:150kg/ha)) to conclude that Nano nitrogen could have compensated the 50% urea recommendation in conventional fertilizer and also had enhanced effect than control.

scholarly journals Combined Influence of Grafting and Type of Protected Environment Structure on Agronomic and Physiological Traits of Single- and Cluster-Fruit-Bearing Cucumber Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Pratapsingh Suresh Khapte ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Nav Raten Panwar ◽  
Uday Burman ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Plant Water Potential ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation

Protected vegetable cultivation is a fast-growing sector in which grafting plays a crucial role for success. Cucumber is predominantly grown under protected conditions. The popular slicing (mini) cucumber comprises two segments, single- and cluster-fruit-bearing. In the present study, the performance of select fruit-bearing hybrids grafted as scions onto commercial Cucurbita hybrid rootstock ‘NS-55’ was evaluated under three different low-cost protected structures in arid regions. With respect to type of protected structure, cucumber performance was superior under a naturally ventilated polyhouse (NVP) than an insect net house (INH) or a shade net house (SNH). Micro-climate parameters inside NVP (air temperature, RH and PAR) were more congenial for cucumber than those in net houses, thereby facilitating improved physiology (chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll and plant water potential) and leaf mineral status. Grafting invariably improved growth and yield parameters under all protected structures. Overall plant performance was better in the grafted cluster-fruit-bearing hybrid ‘Terminator’ than the single-fruit-bearing hybrid ‘Nefer’ or their non-grafted counterparts. Furthermore, NVP was found to be superior to net houses for water productivity, and grafted plants were more water use efficient than their counterpart non-grafted plants. Thus, NVP can be considered a suitable low-cost protected structure in conjunction with grafting to boost cucumber crop and water productivity in arid regions.

scholarly journals Planting Materials Seed Systems of Finger Millet, Rice and Taro in Jumla, Kaski and Bara Districts of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal K Baniya ◽  
Radha K Tiwari ◽  
Pashupati Chaudhary ◽  
Surendra K Shrestha ◽  
Pushpa R Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Millet Seed ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Informal Seed Supply

Formal and informal seed supply systems of rice (Jumla, Bara and Kaski), finger millet and taro(Kaski) were studied in three ecosites of Nepal during 1999-2001 to understand the processes ofseed flow, seed production, seed selection and storage systems. A survey was conducted at 48 to96 households. Informal seed supply was the only system in Jumla and Kaski and formal systemexisted only in Bara. The main sources of seed were farmer's own saved seed (67-91%), seedfrom neighbors and relatives. Exchange of germplasm was the main basis of fulfillment fromother sources. All farmers obtained seed from their own village, while farmers introducedmaterials occasionally from outside village. Most of the farmers followed seed selection beforeor after crop harvest. Rice field selection and plant selection based on a fixed set of criteria wasthe common practice. Non lodged plants with more grain per panicle, bold grains, well-maturedand uniform plants, long panicle, true to type, good looking grains, free from diseases andinsects were the main rice seed selection criteria. All farmers from both sites stored rice seeds bylocal methods in the locally available containers. Mor and Mudkothi are the special strawcontainers to store rice seed in Bara. Dhara is a special mud structure used to store rice seeds inJumla. Finger millet seed supply system was mostly similar to that of rice seed system. Ninetyone percent farmers saved seed for their own use; however, many of them changed finger milletseeds lots or varieties regularly for their particular plot. Ears selection during harvest by setcriteria for seed purpose was the common practice. Farmers stored finger millet seed carefully insmall locally available containers and tried their best to maintain the quality of seed duringdifferent stage of seed production. Taro has diverse planting materials: cormels, corms witheyes, suckers and corm with small cormels. Taro planting materials management is totallyinformal and almost 89% farmers saved these materials for their use and replaced them mostlyafter 3 years. Farmers had fixed criteria of corms and cormels selection for planting purpose andfocus and more on disease free. Storage of planting materials was locally by using localmaterials and methods. Understanding of seed system in various crops helps to developconservation strategy.Key words: Seed flow; seed production; seed selection; seed storage; seed systemDOI: 10.3126/narj.v6i0.3343Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.6 2005 pp.39-48

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