A Newly Discovered Annotated Partimento Manuscript : "Rudimenti di Musica per Accompagnare del Sig. r Maestro Vignali" (1789)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-88
Author(s):  
Sean Curtice ◽  
Lydia Carlisi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
English Language ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unknown Manuscript

The partimento tradition of eighteenth-century Italy developed within a musical culture that prioritized oral pedagogy. While these teaching methods were successful in producing generations of great composers, they have left scholars with vexing questions concerning the precise manner in which partimenti should be realized. The recent appearance of a remarkable and previously unknown manuscript—"Rudimenti di Musica per Accompagnare del Sig. Maestro Vignali," dated 1789—promises to shed invaluable new light on the oral tradition of partimento instruction. The manuscript's likely author is Gabriele Vignali (c. 1736– 1799), a maestro di cappella active in Bologna; it is unique in the presently known canon owing to the detailed footnotes that accompany each of its twenty-four Bassi (one in each major and minor key). Vignali's annotations provide precisely the sort of commentary that was ordinarily restricted to real-time explanation, teaching the student to recognize keys, scale degrees, modulations, cadences, typical bass progressions, and significant motives. The present article and accompanying English-language edition examine this exceptional partimento collection in detail, offering modern partimentisti the opportunity for the first time to listen in, as it were, on a series of lessons between an eighteenth-century maestro and his student.

The Vernacular Alternatives Composed during the Age of Revolutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Nicholas Canny
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
English Language ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Print Form ◽  
Vernacular Culture ◽  
Political Speeches

Irish-language vernacular verse history proved adaptable throughout the eighteenth century to take account both of new reverses, and of opportunities presented by revolutionary developments in North America, in France, and in Ireland. The oral and the written records were interlinked because manuscript copyists aided memory. Themes from the Irish oral tradition also resurfaced in English-language print form or in political speeches by Daniel O’Connell. Similarly in the Protestant experience narratives composed in the seventeenth century by such as Temple entered into Protestant vernacular culture because they were regularly regurgitated in sermons. When Musgrave composed a Protestant narrative of the 1798 rebellion he could therefore allude to Catholic proclivity to rebel knowing that this was a trope in Protestant oral culture. Musgrave could also dovetail the occurrences of 1798 with Temple’s narrative on 1641 and thus make it comprehensible for his audience.

Opera Evangelica: A Lost Collection of Christian Apocrypha

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-387
Author(s):  
Tony Burke ◽  
Gregory Peter Fewster
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Material Form ◽  
Selection Of

Within the holdings of the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library at the University of Toronto there is a curious, rarely examined handwritten book entitled Opera Evangelica, containing translations of several apocryphal works in English. It opens with a lengthy Preface that provides an antiquarian account of Christian apocrypha along with a justification for translating the texts. Unfortunately, the book's title page gives little indication of its authorship or date of composition, apart from an oblique reference to the translator as ‘I. B.’ But citations in the Preface to contemporary scholarship place the volume around the turn of the eighteenth century, predating the first published English-language compendium of Christian apocrypha in print by Jeremiah Jones (1726). A second copy of the book has been found in the Cambridge University Library, though its selection of texts and material form diverges from the Toronto volume in some notable respects. This article presents Opera Evangelica to a modern audience for the first time. It examines various aspects of the work: the material features and history of the two manuscripts; the editions of apocryphal texts that lie behind its translations; the views expressed on Christian apocrypha by its mysterious author; and its place within manuscript publication and English scholarship around the turn of the eighteenth century. Scholars of Christian apocrypha delight in finding ‘lost gospels’ but in Opera Evangelica we have something truly unique: a long-lost collection of Christian apocrypha.

Old English and Old Norse Studies to the Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Timothy Graham
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Old English ◽  
English Language ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Early English ◽  
First Time ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

This chapter examines the committed scholarship that facilitated the recovery of Old English language and literature from the mid-sixteenth century and, about a hundred years later, applied itself to the study of Old Norse texts, including the Poetic and Prose Edda and the sagas. Varying impulses—religious, legal-historical, and nationalistic—motivated the initial investigation and publication of Anglo-Saxon texts. Early English interest in Old Norse coincided with a growth in correspondence with continental scholars and found full expression in explorations of the Germanic origins of the English that drew extensively upon vernacular material published in Scandinavia. The chapter concludes with an appraisal of the work of the Oxford Saxonists and their collaborative efforts on the monumental Thesaurus of George Hickes, in which, for the first time in England, Old English and Old Norse texts were analysed and discussed together, providing a rich fund of material upon which subsequent generations could draw.

scholarly journals Rhythm in Life, Rhythm in Language

enadakultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusudan Gvilava
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
English Language ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Equal Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The present article deals with rhythm which is an essential phenomenon of our life. Being rhythmical means repetition of similar actions in the same period of time. The work gives analyses of the English language in oral connected speech in the relationship with rhythm. English is a rhythmical language. The English connected speech is divided into rhythmical groups and the division is based on alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables where unstressed syllables are attached to the stressed syllable thus forming a rhythmical group. Each rhythmic unit is pronounced in equal time. For the first time similarities are identified between the English rhythmical units and the musical bars in a piece of music.

More Christian Apocrypha

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Tony Burke
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
North American ◽  
English Language ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medieval Christianity

Scholars interested in the Christian Apocrypha (CA) typically appeal to CA collections when in need of primary sources. But many of these collections limit themselves to material believed to have been written within the first to fourth centuries CE. As a result a large amount of non-canonical Christian texts important for the study of ancient and medieval Christianity have been neglected. The More Christian Apocrypha Project will address this neglect by providing a collection of new editions (some for the first time) of these texts for English readers. The project is inspired by the More Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Project headed by Richard Bauckham and Jim Davila from the University of Edinburgh. Like the MOTP, the MCAP is envisioned as a supplement to an earlier collection of texts—in this case J. K. Elliott’s The Apocryphal New Testament (Oxford 1991), the most recent English-language CA collection (but now almost two decades old). The texts to be included are either absent in Elliott or require significant revision. Many of the texts have scarcely been examined in over a century and are in dire need of new examination. One of the goals of the project is to spotlight the abilities and achievements of English (i.e., British and North American) scholars of the CA, so that English readers have access to material that has achieved some exposure in French, German, and Italian collections.

Probing the Dynamic Self-Assembly Behaviour of Photoswitchable Wormlike Micelles in Real Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Kelly ◽  
Judith E. Houston ◽  
Rachel Evans
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Wormlike Micelles ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Processes

Understanding the dynamic self-assembly behaviour of azobenzene photosurfactants (AzoPS) is crucial to advance their use in controlled release applications such as<i></i>drug delivery and micellar catalysis. Currently, their behaviour in the equilibrium <i>cis-</i>and <i>trans</i>-photostationary states is more widely understood than during the photoisomerisation process itself. Here, we investigate the time-dependent self-assembly of the different photoisomers of a model neutral AzoPS, <a>tetraethylene glycol mono(4′,4-octyloxy,octyl-azobenzene) </a>(C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>) using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We show that the incorporation of <i>in-situ</i>UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy with SANS allows the scattering profile, and hence micelle shape, to be correlated with the extent of photoisomerisation in real-time. It was observed that C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>could switch between wormlike micelles (<i>trans</i>native state) and fractal aggregates (under UV light), with changes in the self-assembled structure arising concurrently with changes in the absorption spectrum. Wormlike micelles could be recovered within 60 seconds of blue light illumination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the degree of AzoPS photoisomerisation has been tracked <i>in</i><i>-situ</i>through combined UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy-SANS measurements. This technique could be widely used to gain mechanistic and kinetic insights into light-dependent processes that are reliant on self-assembly.

THE CLASSIC GENRE OF THE ORAL TRADITION OF AZERBAIJAN IS "MUGHAM"

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Mammadov R.
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Single System ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Musical Tradition

This article is dedicated to the classical mugham genre. It analyzes the main genres of musical culture in Azerbaijan. The author studies the process of emergence of this genre, as well as its main types. Studies folk and national musical art, analyzes the classification of all genres of the oral musical tradition and combines them into a single system of genres of Azerbaijani folk music.

Reflective Teaching Methods at Schools for English Teachers’ Professional Development (International Turkish Private Schools)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterine PIPIA ◽  
Tamar SHARASHENIDZE-SOYUCOK
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Development ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Journal Writing ◽  
Reflective Teaching ◽  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Peer Observation ◽  
Muslim Countries

The aim of the study was to find out the most applicable reflective teaching methods for English language teachers in Georgia and Muslim countries.  The study tends to identify the general English language teaching tendencies and stresses the teaching discrepancies for Muslim countries. These peculiarities are analyzed to provide a clear-cut picture of reflective teaching practices, possible changes and desirable improvements, which would be different for Georgia and Muslim countries (Egypt, Turkey and Yemen). The data obtained from one survey showed that school administration supports teacher development, including via reflective teaching. Another survey, conducted in Egypt, Turkey and Yemen regarding the cultural and gender issues in designing reflective teaching practices, showed that the majority of teachers prefer to be involved in collaborative group work, rather than being observed by a peer due to Muslim cultural traditions concerning gender relations. Both genders avoid peer work, because there is a possibility to stay alone with the opposite gender for the discussions and this might cause some inconveniences. The interview conducted in Georgia showed that teachers do not like cooperative reflective activities. As Georgian teachers of English better liked journal writing and peer observation, the experiment conducted in Georgia dealt with them. It revealed the fact that the mixed model of reflective teaching (peer observation accompanied by journal writing) is more productive for Georgia more than just peer observation.

Inventing the English Massacre

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Games
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
English Language ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Violent Event ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
British Culture

This book explains how a conspiracy trial featuring English, Japanese, and Indo-Portuguese co-conspirators who allegedly plotted against the Dutch East India Company in the Indian Ocean in 1623 produced a diplomatic crisis in Europe and became known for four centuries in British culture as the Amboyna Massacre. The story of the transformation of this conspiracy into a massacre is a story of Anglo-Dutch relations in the seventeenth century and of a new word in the English language, massacre. The English East India Company drew on this new word to craft an enduring story of cruelty, violence, and ingratitude. Printed works—both pamphlets and images—were central to the East India Company’s creation of the massacre and to the story’s tenacity over four centuries as the texts and images were reproduced during conflicts with the Dutch and internal political disputes in England. By the eighteenth century, the story emerged as a familiar and shared cultural touchstone. By the nineteenth century, the Amboyna Massacre became the linchpin of the British Empire, an event that historians argued well into the twentieth century had changed the course of history and explained why the British had a stronghold in India. The broad familiarity with the incident and the Amboyna Massacre’s position as an early and formative violent event turned the episode into the first English massacre. It shaped the meaning of subsequent acts of violence, and placed intimacy, treachery, and cruelty at the center of massacres in ways that endure to the present day.

Germaine de Staël’s and the Early Usage of Improvisation in English

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
New Information

This chapter describes the emergence of the terminology of improvisation in the English language. Terms relating to improvisation began to appear in the eighteenth century and came to be used frequently in the nineteenth. Germaine de Staël’s 1807 novel Corinne ou L’Italie (published in French and translated into English the same year) was an important part of this emergence of improvisation. By attending to the content and language of Corinne, including the novel’s earliest translations, the chapter argues that the novel helped create a sense of improvisation as an Italianate artistic practice with political overtones specific to the context of the Napoleonic Wars. For the Staëlian improviser, art and history alike progress not toward pre-ordained goals but by taking new information into account and improvising new ends.

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