scholarly journals Evaluation of relation between investments and savings in Central European countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Palát
Keyword(s):  
Regression Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Central European ◽  
Regression Functions ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
The Difference

The paper is aimed at the evaluation of a relationship between the rate of investments and the rate of savings in selected Central European countries. A reference period for the analysis is 1995–2009. In all analysed Central European countries, the rate of investments permanently exceeded (but exceptions) the rate of savings in the period under investigation. Through fitting the development series of a calculated indicator as a difference of the rate of investments and the rate of savings in monitored countries by a polynomial of the second degree it was possible to compare developmental trends of this indicator in particular countries involved in this analysis. Polynomial trends of the difference indicator of the rate of investments and the rate of savings in Central European countries in the monitored period indicate similar developmental tendencies characterized (at the beginning of the reference period) by increasing the imbalance of the rate of investments and the rate of savings (on average until about 2003) and then by follow-up tendencies towards the gradual return to the balance. For the purpose of comparison, a difference was also monitored between the rate of investments and the rate of savings in EU15 countries as a whole, which permanently fluctuated around zero. The mean value of this indicator amounted to 0.11% for the period 1995–2009. Thus, in EU15 countries, the rate of investments roughly corresponded to the rate of savings (on a long-term basis). Based on this analysis, it follows that there is a correlation between the rate of investments and the rate of savings. Calculated parameters of particular regression functions are presented as Results in this paper. Indices of correlation and types of a regression function were calculated for particular countries. For the Czech Republic, these results are statistically highly significant using all three types of regression functions. In Poland, they can be indicated as statistically significant using the polynomial of the second and third degrees similarly as in Slovakia. In Hungary, already the use of a polynomial of the first degree results in statistically significant results. Using a polynomial of the third degree gives statistically highly significant results. The intertemporal analysis of investments and savings presented in this paper can be also used and developed as part of the problem of an intertemporal approach to the balance of payments.

scholarly journals Fibromuscular dysplasia with recurrence after “long-term” following percutaneous transcatheter renal angioplasty: two case reports with a review of 26 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuntaro Oribe ◽  
Takafumi Toyohara ◽  
Eikan Mishima ◽  
Takehiro Suzuki ◽  
Koichi Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Renal Angioplasty ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) often causes renal artery stenosis with renovascular hypertension. Recent clinical outcomes encourage percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) to treat FMD; however, the necessary follow-up period remains unclear. Moreover, previous studies have not revealed the difference in the period until recurrence between two major types of FMD—multifocal and focal. Case presentation We describe two patients with multifocal FMD who developed hypertension during their teenage years and had recurrence of FMD > 10 years after PTRA. We further examined the types of FMD and age of onset in 26 patients who underwent PTRA. The period until recurrence of multifocal FMD was longer than that of focal FMD. Moreover, patients with early-onset multifocal FMD are likely to have a delayed recurrence after PTRA compared to other types. Conclusions Our report suggests that patients with multifocal FMD, especially those with onset at an early age, may need long-term follow-up for at least ≥ 10 years.

scholarly journals Facial Rejuvenation with Concentrated Lipograft—A 12 Month Follow-Up Study

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Lukas Prantl ◽  
Eva Brix ◽  
Sally Kempa ◽  
Oliver Felthaus ◽  
Andreas Eigenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Facial Rejuvenation ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Resazurin Assay ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Difference

Lipofilling is a popular technique to treat volume loss in aging patients. The isolated adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction cells, which include adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). We hypothesize that the patient’s wrinkle severity scale (WSS) and patient’s satisfaction on the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) can be improved after using concentrated lipoaspirate. Fourteen patients (54 years ± 11.09 years) with volume loss in the midface area underwent waterjet-assisted liposuction (Human Med AG, Schwerin, Germany). Fat was centrifuged in an ACP Double Syringe (Arthrex GmbH, Munich, Germany) using Rotofix 32A centrifuge (Andreas Hettich, GmbH & Co.KG, Tuttlingen, Germany). Homogenization was performed using the double syringe and a 1.4 mm female–female luerlock connector. After a second centrifugation, patients received periorbital (PO) and nasolabial (NL) lipografting. ASC count was performed after enzymatical digestion. Vitality of cells was assessed using a resazurin assay. During long-term follow up (12 months, n = 10), we found a high patient’s satisfaction (GAIS 1+/−0.52) and a good improvement of the WSS during short- and long-term follow-up. The ASC count of processed lipoaspirate was 2.1-fold higher than of unprocessed lipoaspirate (p < 0.001). The difference of ASC in sedimented and simply centrifuged lipoaspirate was also significant (p < 0.05). Facial rejuvenation with concentrated fat graft offers good results concerning objective aesthetic outcome and patient’s satisfaction.

scholarly journals Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve as a Donor Source for Digital Nerve Grafting: A Concept Revisited

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bekir Unal ◽  
Kemal Gokkus ◽  
Evrim Sirin ◽  
Eren Cansü
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
Digital Nerve ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Time

Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the availability of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) autograft for acute or delayed repair of segmented digital nerve injuries. Patients and Methods: 13 digital nerve defects of 11 patients; treated with interposition of LACN graft that harvested from ipsilateral extremity were included in the study. Mean follow up period was 35, 7 months. The mean time from injury to grafting is 53, 3 days. The results of the mean 2PDT and SWMT values of injured /uninjured finger at the end of follow up period were evaluated with Paired T test. The correlation between the defect length and the difference of 2PDT, SWMT values between the uninjured and injured finger at the end of follow up period; were evaluated with Pearson - correlation analysis. Results: The mean value of our 2PDT and SWMT results are ~5,923, ~3, 52, respectively in which can be interpreted between the normal and diminished light touch. The defect length and difference percentage of SWMT values is positively and significantly correlated statistically. Mean length of interposed nerve grafts was 18.5 mm. The age of the patient and the mean values of 2PDT and SWMT with the difference % of 2PDT and % of SWMT are not statistically correlated. Conclusion: Based on results regarding sensory regaining at recipient side and negligible sensory deficit at harvesting side, we suggest that lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve might be a valuable graft option for digital nerve defects.

scholarly journals Contribution of avoidable causes of death to premature mortality in Poland and selected European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Wojtyniak ◽  
Jakub Stokwiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Difference

Our study, availing the new, agreed by the OECD and Eurostat, lists of preventable and treatable causes of death, seeks to quantify the contribution of avoidable causes to premature mortality and its dynamics in Poland and Central European countries – Czechia, Hungary, Lithuania and Slovenia, in comparison with Sweden serving as a benchmark country in 1999–2017. We calculated age standardised death rates for the broad groups of avoidable causes and more specific ones, which comprised preventable and treatable cancer and diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), preventable injuries and alcohol-related diseases. Deaths from not avoidable causes were also analysed. The analysis of time trends in the death rates and calculation of the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for the overall trend were performed with joint-point models. The contribution of changes in mortality from avoidable causes to increase life expectancy during 1999–2017 and contribution of the difference in mortality from these causes to the difference in life expectancy between five countries and Sweden were based on the decomposition of temporary life expectancy between birth and age 75 [e(0-75)]. For the calculation of life expectancy, we used the classic Chiang method and the decomposition of life expectancy by the death causes and age was conducted with the Arriaga method. The AAPC of death rates from avoidable causes in 1999–2017 was similar in all the countries but Lithuania, where the decline started later. The decline in the death rates from not avoidable causes is much slower than the rates from avoidable causes. Mortality from treatable causes was decreasing faster than from preventable causes in most populations. In 1999–2017, the average rate of mortality decline for preventable cancer was greater among men than among women, while for treatable cancer the sex-related differences were much smaller and in favour of women. As for preventable and treatable death from DCS, their decrease was faster among women than men in all the countries but Sweden. Improvements in mortality from causes that could be avoided through prevention or treatment made substantial positive contributions to the overall change in life expectancy in all the countries. The differences in temporary life expectancy e(0-75) between the analysed Central European countries and Sweden were much smaller in 2017 than in 1999, due to the reduction of the gap in mortality from avoidable causes. Our results show that among men, and to a lesser extent among women, mortality from preventable causes contributes more than mortality from causes that can be effectively treated to shorter life expectancy in the countries of Central Europe than in Sweden. This indicates that in reducing the health gap between the inhabitants of Central Europe and Western Europe, the healthcare system should consider disease prevention even to a greater extent than just treating them.

Foot Macrodactyly Associated with Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
Maurizio De Pellegrin ◽  
Désirée Moharamzadeh ◽  
Giacomo Placella ◽  
Vincenzo Salini
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Length Difference ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare congenital malformation which may be associated with macrodactyly. The main problem is the need for custom-made shoes. We describe the case of a female newborn affected by Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, with a larger and longer right foot; the difference increased progressively and, at 5 years of age, the right foot was 50% larger and 38% longer than the left one. Due to the progression of the deformity, reduction surgery was advised to reduce the foot’s width. Resection of the second ray and 2nd cuneiform was performed. The result was excellent and there were no complications during a 10-year follow-up period with a decrease of width and length difference to 10% and 4%, respectively, in comparison to the contralateral foot. There were no gait anomalies. Abnormal foot width and length represented the main problems and guided the surgical strategy. Second ray resection was effective, without complications and with a good long-term functional outcome. Possibility of wearing fashionable conventional shoes without insoles was achieved to the patient’s satisfaction

The Evaluation of Aortic Diameter Changes During Long-Term Follow-Up After Endovascular Treatment of Acute Blunt Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Injuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Fontana ◽  
Edoardo Macchi ◽  
Filippo Piacentino ◽  
Larissa Nocchi Cardim ◽  
Giuseppe De Marchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Stent Graft ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Technical Success ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Aortic Injuries

Purpose: To evaluate the variations in aortic diameters and long-term results in patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for acute blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injuries (BTTAIs). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 23 patients with a mean age of 39 years (range: 17-74 years) who underwent TEVAR for BTTAI between October 2000 and November 2014. All of the patients underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) before hospital discharge as a baseline imaging for the subsequent follow-up examinations. The technical success, overall survival, and complications were evaluated. Furthermore, the aortic diameters outside of the stent-graft (1 cm proximal and 1 cm distal to the stent-graft) and the aortic diameters within the stent-graft (2 cm distal to the proximal end and 2 cm proximal to the distal end) were assessed. The diameters at baseline on CTA were compared with those of the latest available follow-up examination. Results: Technical success was 100% with a mean follow-up of 65.4 months (range: 12-171 months). No death was registered, and 2 (8.7%) of 23 endograft-related complications (1 stent-graft distal infolding and 1 endoleak 2 and 4 months after the procedure, respectively) were observed. An increase in aortic diameter either proximal or distal to the stent-graft (mean value 0.7 and 0.5 mm, respectively) or within the stent-graft (mean value of 0.5 mm for both proximal and distal diameters) was registered (mean follow-up at 65.4 months, range: 12-171 months). Conclusion: Aortic dilatation following TEVAR for BTTAI is minimal during long-term follow-up. Endovascular treatment represents a durable and safe option in acute BTTAIs.

Identifying Effectors of Outcomes in Patients with Large Umbilical Hernias

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Groene ◽  
Davis W. Heniford ◽  
Tanushree Prasad ◽  
Amy E. Lincourt ◽  
Vedra A. Augenstein
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Hernia ◽  
Defect Size ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Preoperative Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

Quality of life (QOL) has become an important focus of hernia repair outcomes. This study aims to identify factors which lead to ideal outcomes (asymptomatic and without recurrence) in large umbilical hernias (defect size ≥9 cm2). Review of the prospective International Hernia Mesh Registry was performed. The Carolinas Comfort Scale was used to measure QOL at 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Demographics, operative details, complications, and QOL data were evaluated using standard statistical methods. Forty-four large umbilical hernia repairs were analyzed. Demographics included: average age 53.6 ± 12.0 and body mass index 34.9 ± 7.2 kg/m2. The mean defect size was 21.7 ± 16.9 cm2, and 72.7 per cent were performed laparoscopically. Complications included hematoma (2.3%), seroma (12.6%), and recurrence (9.1%). Follow-up and ideal outcomes were one month = 28.2 per cent, six months = 42.9 per cent, one year = 55.6 per cent. All patients who remained symptomatic at one and two years were significantly symptomatic before surgery. Symptomatic preoperative activity limitation was a significant predictor of nonideal outcomes at one year ( P = 0.02). Symptomatic preoperative pain was associated with nonideal outcomes at one year, though the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.06). Operative technique, mesh choice, and fixation technique did not impact recurrence or QOL. Repair of umbilical hernia with defects ≥9 cm2 had a surprising low rate of ideal outcomes (asymptomatic and no recurrence). All patients with nonideal long-term outcomes had preoperative pain and activity limitations. These data may suggest that umbilical hernia should be repaired when they are small and asymptomatic.

Changes in Visual Acuity and Refraction in the Exfoliation Syndrome. A Five-Year Follow-up Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Puska ◽  
A.H.A. Tarkkanen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Exfoliation Syndrome ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Exfoliative Glaucoma ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Purpose To examine changes in visual acuity (VA) and refraction in non-glaucomatous patients with unilateral exfoliation syndrome (EXS). Methods The best corrected values for VA (Snellen acuity cards) subjectively adjusted for refraction, and IOP were measured, and the development of lens opacities was examined in 46 non-glaucomatous patients with unilateral EXS. Results After five years the rate of conversion to bilateral exfoliation was 22% and to exfoliative glaucoma 30%. There was a significant decrease in VA in the exfoliative (E) eyes (median; QI, QIII, range: 1; 0.8, 1, 0.4-1.3 vs. 0.55; 0.4, 1, 0.05-1.4, p<0.0001) and the fellow, initially non-exfoliative (NE), eyes (1; 0.9, 1, 0.3–1.3 vs. 0.7; 0.5, 0.9, 0.1–1.4, p<0.0001) and a significant myopic change in refraction in the E eyes (+1.02 ± 2.48 vs. +0.11 ± 3.06, p=0.0001) and the NE eyes (+0.99 ± 2.25 vs. +0.43 ± 2.55 D, p<0.01). At study entry the difference in refraction between the fellow eyes (refraction in the NE eye – refraction in the E eye) was −0.27 ± 1.00D. After five years it was +0.32 ± 1.44 (p 0.016), reflecting greater myopic changes in the E eyes. The main type of lens opacification was nuclear sclerosis. Conclusions In five years, significant decreases in VA and myopic shifts in refraction occurred in the E and fellow eyes. The E eyes showed significantly greater myopic changes than the fellow eyes; the cause was clearly nuclear sclerosis, which must be taken into account in the long-term management of patients with EXS.

scholarly journals The impact of adopting the euro on the Croatian economy

Notitia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Zlatko Čehulić ◽  
Rajka Hrbić
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In this paper the impact of adopting the euro in Croatia is analysed using experiences of other countries which have passed through this process in the last decade and which are comparable with Croatia in many aspects. The process of adopting a currency different from the one that has been used for more than twenty years presents a very important economic question for each country. In this period preceding to adopting the euro, there is an opportunity to analyse this process in the countries which went through it in the past. The result of this paper shows the impacts of adopting the euro in the European countries. The selected countries, which are adequate for analysing the effects of adopting the euro, are: Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. These countries have been selected for different reasons. The majority of these countries have some similarities with Croatia, which are shown in this paper via relevant economic indicators. These results are significant for Croatia and show a positive influence on the Croatian market on a long-term basis. This paper is relevant and has a practical basis both for Croatia and other countries which will go through this process in the future.

Medium- and long-term prognostic validity of competing classification proposals for the former somatoform disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1719-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schumacher ◽  
W. Rief ◽  
K. Klaus ◽  
E. Brähler ◽  
R. Mewes
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Baseline Sample ◽  
Relevant Factors

BackgroundDSM-5 introduced a fundamental revision of the category of somatoform disorders, which resulted in the new somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and related disorders. However, prognostic validity of SSD remains unclear, while other classification proposals, such as bodily distress disorder (BDD) or polysymptomatic distress disorder (PSDD), might be promising alternatives for the new ICD-11. Therefore, the comparison of the different approaches concerning long-term prognosis of disorder-relevant factors is of special interest.MethodIn a longitudinal design (baseline, 1-year, and 4-year follow-up), the three proposals (SSD, BDD, PSDD) were compared in an age-representative sample of the German general population (N = 321). To this end, the baseline sample was divided into three independent pairs of groups (with/without SSD, with/without BDD, with/without PSDD). It was tested how well each approach differentiated with regard to medium- and long-term healthcare utilization, number of symptoms, and impairment.ResultsCriteria for BDD distinguished best with regard to future healthcare utilization resulting in a large-sized effect (f = 0.44) for the difference between persons with and without BDD, while SSD and PSDD revealed only medium-sized effects (f = 0.28 and f = 0.32) between subjects with and without diagnosis. The three proposals distinguished equally well with regard to future subjective impairment (between f = 0.39 and f = 0.41) and the number of reported symptoms (between f = 0.77 and f = 0.83).ConclusionIn accordance with our data regarding prognostic validity, the current draft of the WHO group is based on the BDD proposal. However, existing limitations and weaknesses of the present proposal for the ICD-11 are further discussed.

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