scholarly journals Price formation and transmission along the food commodity chain

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Blažková ◽  
Pavel Syrovátka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Commodity Chain ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Food Commodity

The article is focused on analysis of price transmission along the wheat commodity chain in the Czech Republic, with the distinction on wheat products with low value added (wheat flour), respectively high value added (wheat rolls). The degree of vertical price transmission is measured to identify potential market failures, because asymmetric price transmission can be the result of existence of market power within the food commodity chain. The data basis is made up from monthly prices on partial markets of the analyzed commodity chain published by Czech Statistical Office and Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. The monitored time period is from January 2000 till October 2009. The analysis is based on calculation of the price transmission elasticity coefficient (evaluation of price transmission along the chain) and the intensity of dependency of positive and negative inter-market price differences (evaluation whether positive or negative price changes are better transmitted among particular vertical markets). Time lag is tested as well. The assessment of price transmission along the wheat commodity chain confirmed the existence of market power especially on the retail stage and low impact of price changes of farm prices on final consumer food prices.

scholarly journals The Character of Price Transmission Within Milk Commodity Chain in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Dudová ◽  
Věra Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Commodity Chain ◽  
Commodity Chains ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Butter Price ◽  
The Impact

The article is focused on price transmission within milk commodity chain in the Czech Republic. The article distinct on milk products with low value added – cow milk/paper box milk and products with higher value added – cow milk/butter. Price transmission is measured by the coefficient of elasticity of the price transmission (EPT); price transfer is examined in demand as well as supply direction. Next part of the analysis measures price differences (by coefficient determination – R2) in supply direction. Last step in this analysis is the impact of time delay at the price transmission process (measured by R2). The price transmission is asymmetric in the supply direction on both parts of commodity chain (EPT = 0.29 and 0.62), in the demand direction is more symmetric (EPT = 0.31 and 1.02). The assumption of better transfer of positive price changes was confirmed. At the commodity chain of milk/dairy products the time delay is not so much important. With both tested commodity chains there was found higher power of downstream markets, proving demand driven behaviour of these commodity chains, and there was detected oligopsony market structure as well. The data represent monthly prices on both chosen vertical levels in the period of 1/2000–8/2013.

scholarly journals   Distribution of the increased tax burden for agricultural products and food  in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
P. David
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Reduced Rate

The article determines the transfer rate of tax burden to the buyers of agricultural products and food consumer in the most recent major change in the reduced rates of value added tax in the Czech Republic in late 2007 and 2008. At the same time, it identifies the size of the portion of the increased tax burden which agricultural producers and sellers of food carry, after the increase in the reduced rate of VAT in the Czech Republic. The possible future changes in this field are considered on the basis of determining the values of the distribution of the increased tax burden. It also includes the determination of the indicator of change in the selling prices of agricultural products and food in the increase of the reduced rate of VAT in the Czech Republic. In 2008, the buyers of agricultural products carried a considerable part of the increased tax burden and food buyers were burdened by significantly more than just b an increased tax burden of the reduced rate of the value added tax. The growth in prices of agricultural products in the given period corresponded to the growth of the tax burden. Food prices doubled compared to the increase in the tax burden. These results should be considered when planning future changes in the field of the rates of VAT in the Czech Republic.  

scholarly journals Analysis of the development of the economic account for agriculture of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
J. Klíma ◽  
M. Palát Sn
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Production Output ◽  
Net Value Added

The paper is focused on assessing the development of the economic account for agriculture of the Czech Republic in the selected reference period 1998–2003. There were evaluated effects of the particular types of the economic accounts. Methods of regression and correlation analysis and development trends were used for the mathematical-statistical analysis. The plant production output similarly as the output of agricultural industry show an increasing tendency since the period under investigation reaching a peak about 2001 and in next years decreasing in difference to the gross value added at basic prices and the net value added at basic prices which shows an increasing trend throughout the period. Both animal output and the agricultural services output show a decreasing trend reaching a minimum about 2002. 

scholarly journals A Modern Industrial Policy for the Czech Republic: Optimizing the Structure of Production

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 3095
Author(s):  
Maria Markaki ◽  
Stelios Papadakis ◽  
Anna Putnová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Restructuring Process

The decreased demand for new vehicles will put pressure on the economy of the Czech Republic, a country deeply integrated into global value chains, as part of global vehicle production. The aim of this research was to define an appropriate industrial policy for the Czech Republic that will ensure that the country maintains its competitive position in the global market. A constrained optimization model was built, based on input–output analysis, to determine the optimal value-added structure and the intersectoral structure of the Czech economy for the country to retain its exporting character. The optimization problem was solved by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results suggest that the optimal industrial policy plan for the country is the structural transformation of production, mainly targeting the development of technologically advanced sectors of manufacturing (such as: chemicals and chemical products; basic pharmaceutical products; computer, electronic, and optical products; electrical equipment; and machinery and equipment). The suggested restructuring process increased the domestic value-added in gross exports as a share of total exports by 6.77%, creating optimal production capabilities for the economy. The Czech Republic appears to have the potential for the implementation of an industrial policy, avoiding the increasingly vulnerable motor-vehicle sector.

scholarly journals Bioeconomy in the National Forest Strategy: A Comparison Study in Germany and the Czech Republic

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Chrismiari Purwestri ◽  
Miroslav Hájek ◽  
Miroslava Šodková ◽  
Mathy Sane ◽  
Jan Kašpar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
European Forest

Background and Objectives: Forest-based bioeconomies have been adopted as the national forest strategies in many European countries. However, in the Czech Republic, the bioeconomy has not been officially included in national policies. The main objective of the paper was to review the current forest policy in the Czech Republic in meeting the purposes of the European forest-based bioeconomy. To better understand the opportunities and shortcomings of the forest strategy and the implementation of a forest-based bioeconomy in the country, a comparison study in the Czech Republic and Germany was also carried out. Methods: A review of the forest strategies was done based on the following research questions: (1) How are the bioeconomy principles and priorities present in the Czech National Forest Programme (NFP) as reflected in the EU Forest Strategy, and how does the Czech forest strategy compare to that in Germany? (2) What is the situation concerning the national wood production and consumption to understand the opportunities and challenges of the bioeconomy implementation in the studied countries? Results: The Czech NFP was approved following the pan-European process for the protection of forests in Europe; therefore, it does not directly reflect the 2012 bioeconomy principles, although most of these approaches have been included in this strategy. Different national measures in two studied countries were revealed to achieve the objectives of the forest bioeconomy. The primary contribution from the Czech forestry to the bioeconomy is sustainable forest-based products. A forest bioeconomy is also targeted at mitigating climate change by providing forest biomass for bioenergy. Conclusions: The Czech Republic is in the midst of the adoption process of the bioeconomy strategy. The main challenges faced by the forest-based sector in the country is to fulfil the demand for sustainable forest biomass and high value-added products. Multisectoral collaboration, business diversification, and education for public consumers are needed to increase the growth and job opportunities of the bioeconomy sector in rural areas.

scholarly journals Modelling direct payments to agriculture in a CGE Framework – analysis of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Křístková ◽  
A. Habrychová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper deals with modelling of the direct payments subsidies to agriculture and their impact on the economy of the Czech Republic. With the use of the general equilibrium model, scenarios concerning an increase of subsidies reaching 100% of the national envelope and a complete removal of both SAPS and Top-Up payments are applied. The results show that if the full amount of subsidies is granted, the value added in agriculture and the connected sectors is stimulated, with a positive effect on the total GDP. However, if the direct payments are completely removed, negative effects on employment can be expected, suggesting that the direct payments play a positive role in the economy. The paper further points out that the effects of direct payments on the incomes of farmer households are limited, suggesting that the farmers’ living standard should be supported by other policy instruments than the direct payments

scholarly journals The impact of LFA payments on FADN farms in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Štolbová ◽  
T. Hlavsa
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Current System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Data Network ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Net Value Added

This paper analyses the impact of the LFA payments on farms economic results on the basis of the Farm Accountancy Data Network in the Czech Republic. Firstly, the approaches are compared to the structure of farms based on the LFA type. Secondly, the share of the LFA payments on economic results of farms is evaluated. The evaluation considers the LFA type, share of grassland, size of the eligible area of farms. Basic economic indicators are being monitored, such as Gross Farm Income, Farm Net Value Added, Family Farm Income, current subsidies, of which in particular the LFA payments. The share of the LFA payments in economic results of agricultural holdings is compared. As a result of the analysis, the winners and losers of the current system were defined.

scholarly journals The research and development in the engineering field in the higher education system of the Czech Republic and its international comparison

Ergo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kučera ◽  
Tomáš Vondrák
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
The World

Abstract The Czech Republic is at the forefront of the EU in the contribution of the manufacturing to the total gross value added. The Czech industry contributes significantly to the positive balance of trade of the country. The overall international competitiveness of the Czech Republic will depend upon the innovation performance of the manufacturing sector and its competitiveness on the foreign markets. A necessary condition for extending the share on the foreign markets is the effective harnessing of the national R&D capacity and a strong qualified local workforce. This contribution uses a bibliometric and a patent analysis for the assessment of the R&D carried out by the Czech higher education institutions (HEIs) oriented towards the engineering fields, and selected more general universities, and compares them with similar HEIs in a selected group of developed countries. The analysis indicates that the Czech publication activity in the field of engineering grows. The Czech publications in engineering are cited below the world average which indicates that their impact (and to some extent the quality of the underlying R&D) lags behind the world. The patent activity of the Czech HEIs is on the international scale rather weak. The patenting activity of the Czech HEIs strongly grows since the middle of the last decade. This may by a side effect of the new evaluation methodology which takes into account also the patents. The number of patents registered with the Czech Industrial Property Office increases but on the other hand the international patenting activities tend to stagnate. This gives rise to questions about the real value of the produced patents from the point of their importance for the export competitiveness of the Czech industry.

scholarly journals Differences in the perception of corporate culture as a motivational tool in the SME sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 07032
Author(s):  
Iveta Kmecova ◽  
Michal Tlusty
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Specific Calculations

Research background: The paper points out the differences in the motivation of employees in SMEs in terms of corporate culture as a motivational tool. The primary goal of the paper is to draw conclusions from hypotheses that analyse corporate culture as a motivational tool. Literary research outlines the issue of personnel activities focusing on the corporate culture as a motivational tool for SMEs in the Czech Republic. The practical part of the paper shows the whole course of specific calculations and evaluation of established hypotheses. At the end of the solution of each hypothesis, its rejection or confirmation is displayed, and this is justified by other methods that confirm this decision. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the article is to confirm or reject predetermined hypotheses concerning small and medium-sized enterprises. A specific evaluation of the hypotheses will help to raise the profile of possible problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in the areas of employee motivation. Methods: Primary data for this article were obtained using an online questionnaire. The data are evaluated using a statistical method comparing the mean values of the samples, specifically using a statistical one-sample test. The research sample consisted of a total of 220 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic. Findings & Value added: The results of the research will confirm or not confirm whether corporate culture is an important motivating tool for small and medium-sized enterprises and whether or not it differs depending on the division of enterprises according to different scales.

scholarly journals Supporting Producer Groups – Increasing Producer’s Value Aded?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kotyza ◽  
K. Tomsik ◽  
K. Elisova ◽  
A. Hornowski
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
Programming Period

Abstract Cooperation between entities can be the basis for improved competitiveness. The Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic were able to draw on EU funds to support the formation of producer groups. Main objective was to investigate whether the funds have led to an increase of value added of products placed on the market. In the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic during the reporting period the sum of 44 million EUR was provided to support the establishment of marketing organizations, 305 producer groups were supported. Many of the supported entities are no longer active. In the Czech Republic, only 15 entities are still operating, but they do not have a significant impact on the increase of value added of the agricultural sector. In the Slovak Republic, entities supported in the first programming period (2004–2006) have a higher share of the generated value added. During the second funding period (2007–2013), the supported groups showed a negative value added. Given the characteristics of supported groups, the number of successfully supported groups, the reported features and the total value of generated value added, it can be suggested that most of the entities were established due to the relative ease of fundraising.

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