Optimizing Rice Distribution Model Using Linear Programming at West Java Bulog

Good distribution network management is a very important competitive advantage for a company. West Java Bulog is the representative of the government in distributing and distributing rice, which is a staple food commodity for the Indonesian people in general, of course, must pay attention to the optimal distribution pattern. In carrying out its operational processes, West Java Bulog will be assisted by 7 regional subdivisions spread throughout the West Java region who will handle rice in their respective working areas. This study aims to determine the planning path and the optimum amount of rice distribution from the West Java Bulog to districts and cities that can minimize distribution costs so that the costs incurred will reach the lowest point using the Linear Programming method. The analysis of this research was assisted by LINDO Software version 7.0 for Windows 10.0. From the results of this study, the optimization of rice distribution at the West Java Bulog, with the optimum total distribution cost of USD 124,272.

Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Acacia Nilotica Gum

The rapidly growing civilization and economy need the judicious usage of floral and faunal heritage. Acacia nilotica (Family: Fabaceae) is a beneficial plant species and each part of it exhibits numerous biological and pharmacological effects. The gum exudates of Acacia nilotica trees are underutilized plant products that can be explored for their potential as a therapeutic and curative agent. Its nutritional composition, interaction with anti-nutritional factors and antioxidants can determine its utility as a food. The present investigation was aimed to estimate the anti-nutritional factors and antioxidant activity of Acacia nilotica gum. It also focused on establishing a relationship of the obtained data with the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological properties claimed in the literature. The analysis was carried out using standard methods and protocols involving spectrophotometric and gravimetric principles. The anti-nutritional components like tannin, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oxalate, total saponin, steroidal saponins, alkaloid content of Acacia nilotica gum was found to be 0.2369±0.0354 g tannic acid equivalent/100 g, 0.0108±0.0037 TIU/mg, 156.3333±9.4516 mg/100 g, 132.5±28.3152mg/100 g, 12.7183±6.7788 mg diosgenin equivalent /g, 0.0705±0.01 mg diosgenin equivalent /g, 0.1333±0.0577 g/100 g respectively. The amounts of total phenols and flavonoids was determined to be 8.0033±2.7211 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g sample, 0.0458±0.0186 mg quercetin equivalent /g sample respectively with a significant DPPH Scavenging activity. The results indicate that the quantity of anti-nutritional factors in gum is within the range of the contents of anti-nutritional factors found in commonly consumed foods. The substantial presence of phenol, flavonoids and DPPH activity in the gum indicates the presence of high antioxidant properties. The presence of anti-nutritional factors and antioxidants in favourable levels can impart diverse physiological responses. The present study concluded that Acacia nilotica gum can be used as a nutritious food commodity with a plethora of recuperative activities.

Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Acacia Nilotica Gum

The rapidly growing civilization and economy need the judicious usage of floral and faunal heritage. Acacia nilotica (Family: Fabaceae) is a beneficial plant species and each part of it exhibits numerous biological and pharmacological effects. The gum exudates of Acacia nilotica trees are underutilized plant products that can be explored for their potential as a therapeutic and curative agent. Its nutritional composition, interaction with anti-nutritional factors and antioxidants can determine its utility as a food. The present investigation was aimed to estimate the anti-nutritional factors and antioxidant activity of Acacia nilotica gum. It also focused on establishing a relationship of the obtained data with the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological properties claimed in the literature. The analysis was carried out using standard methods and protocols involving spectrophotometric and gravimetric principles. The anti-nutritional components like tannin, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oxalate, total saponin, steroidal saponins, alkaloid content of Acacia nilotica gum was found to be 0.2369±0.0354 g tannic acid equivalent/100 g, 0.0108±0.0037 TIU/mg, 156.3333±9.4516 mg/100 g, 132.5±28.3152mg/100 g, 12.7183±6.7788 mg diosgenin equivalent /g, 0.0705±0.01 mg diosgenin equivalent /g, 0.1333±0.0577 g/100 g respectively. The amounts of total phenols and flavonoids was determined to be 8.0033±2.7211 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g sample, 0.0458±0.0186 mg quercetin equivalent /g sample respectively with a significant DPPH Scavenging activity. The results indicate that the quantity of anti-nutritional factors in gum is within the range of the contents of anti-nutritional factors found in commonly consumed foods. The substantial presence of phenol, flavonoids and DPPH activity in the gum indicates the presence of high antioxidant properties. The presence of anti-nutritional factors and antioxidants in favourable levels can impart diverse physiological responses. The present study concluded that Acacia nilotica gum can be used as a nutritious food commodity with a plethora of recuperative activities.

A freshwater crab (Barytelphusa sp.) feeding on a catfish (Pterocryptis sp.)

The freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis (Westwood, 1836), is a common and widespread crustacean species inhabiting freshwater streams throughout India except the northeast. It is an omnivore that feeds on small crustaceans, gastropods, insects and aquatic vegetation. This species is commonly collected as a food commodity and is also often reared in captivity for the same purpose. In captivity, these crabs seem to prefer animal-based food and are generally fed about 10% of their total biomass in prawn and rice flakes daily. Observations of B. cunicularis feeding in nature are scant in the literature, and to the best of my knowledge there have not been any reports of the species feeding on fish. Herein I report the first observation of B. cunicularis feeding on a Malabar silurus, Pterocryptis wynaadensis, a type of catfish.

Analysis of financial feasibility of cultivation of bambu ampel kuning (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata) as a bamboo shoot resource

Bamboo shoots are buds in the root system of bamboo that grow and develop into young bamboo culm. The root system of bamboo, which has many internodes and buds produces many shoots but not all of them can grow and develop into bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots can be used as a horticultural food commodity because they are usually harvested and consumed as a vegetable for several dishes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial feasibility of bambu ampel kuning (Bambusa vulgaris var striata) cultivation as a producer of bamboo shoots based on indicator criteria NPV, Net B/C, IRR, and payback period. Data are collected using field observations, interviews, and discussions with bamboo garden owners covering cultivation techniques, production facilities, and labor. The results show that the NPV value of Rp. 137,097,914.5 is greater than zero, the Net B/C of 2.309 is greater than one, the IRR value of 42% is greater than the interest rate used by 12%, and the payback period in the 5th year of the age of the bamboo shoot-producing business of 15 years. Based on the criteria for financial feasibility indicators, the cultivation of bambu ampel kuning (Bambusa vulgaris var striata) as a producer of bamboo shoots is feasible. We recommended cultivating bamboo shoots in marginal areas.

Implementation of Klassen Typology in Mapping of Superior Commodities of Food Crops in The Malolo Agropolitan Area

The Malolo agropolitan area is a strategic food crop production center in Takalar. The implementation of klassen tipology is used to identify superior commodities with export value from food plants cultivated by farmers in the area. This study aims to determine the superior commodities of food crops using klassen typology and to map these superior commodities in the Malolo Agropolitan Area. The analytical methods used were klassen typology and Ar-GIS mapping. The results showed that the implementation of klassen typology on food commodities in the Agropolitan Malolo area resulted in maize as the only superior commodity out of 4 other food commodities. Maize is a leading commodity in 4 areas, that is Massamaturu, Timbuseng, Barugaya, and Towata. Mapping results show that 4 areas are superior commodity development, 11 areas for mainstay commodity development, 37 areas for prospective commodity development, and 38 areas for slow commodity development. The number of areas for slow commodity development shows that the production of food commodities in the Malolo agropolitan area is less able to compete with food commodity production in other areas in a larger area.

Struktur Biaya Produksi Padi pada Program UPSUS Pajale di Kabupaten Demak

In the agricultural sector, the cost production structure determines the income level of the farmers as well as the industry competitiveness in the world market. Considering the position of rice as the main food commodity for Indonesian people, the government has set up a program namely UPSUS PAJALE which delivers subsidies for inputs such as seeds, fertilizer, and agricultural tools. This study aims to describe the paddy farming activities in Demak Regency and to analyze the cost structure of paddy production in the UPSUS PAJALE program in Demak Regency. A survey was conducted in five production centre areas involving 100 farmers. The results showed that modern technology is used in rice farming. Land costs and labour costs dominate the cost structure of rice production. Meanwhile, the total production cost has reached 22.518.314,86 IDR per hectare with the cash cost percentage is 72,17 % and the non-cash cost percentage is 27,83 %.

PERMINTAAN DAGING SAPI DI PROVINSI RIAU

The husbandry sub-sector is a source of supporting energy for human needs, especially beef. Beef is a food commodity that has had an impact on improving public nutrition, especially animal protein. This study aims to analyze the development of beef demand and variables that influence it in Riau, the factors that influence beef demand in Riau Province, and the price elasticity, income elasticity, and cross elasticity of factors affecting meat demand beef in Riau Province. This research used the literature study. The data used in this research was data time series from 1999 to 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and elasticity. The results showed that the overall average development of beef demand, beef prices, chicken meat prices, rice prices, population income, and the population increased during the period. The factors that significantly influence the demand for beef were the price of beef and the price of rice. Meanwhile, the price of chicken meat, the income of the population, and the population had no significant to the demand for beef. The results of the elasticity calculation of demand showed that beef prices, rice prices, and population income were responsive to beef demand. This indicates that changes in beef prices, rice prices, and population income had a major impact on changes in demand for beef.