scholarly journals The comparative advantage of Czech agricultural trade in relation to the most important trade partner countries in the period of 2008–2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Jaroslava Burianová ◽  
Anna Belova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Important Trade Partner ◽  
Trade Partners

The objective of the presented article is to analyze Czech agricultural trade as a whole and primarily trade in relation to the six key trade partners, with an emphasis on the identification of changes in its structure and competitiveness that occurred within the period of the years 2008–2011. On the basis of the results of the conducted analyses, it may be stated that the problematic period of the years 2008–2011 did not affect the development of Czech agricultural trade in an especially negative manner (commodity and territorial structure did not change significantly), whether in relation to the analyzed partner countries (In the case of individual countries within the analyzed period, the value of export and import increased as follows: Germany: 1.5% per year and 0.1% per year respectively, Austria: 2.9% per year and −0.01% per year respectively, the Netherlands: −1.1% per year and −6.3% per year respectively, Italy: 8.7% per year and 7.3% per year respectively, Slovakia: 6.1% per year and −3.2% per year respectively, Poland: 3.5% per year and 11.1% per year respectively.), or in relation to the overall agricultural trade of the Czech Republic (Agricultural trade was able to face the stagnation of the global economy relatively very well. Only in the year 2009, there was a slight year-on-year decline in the value of agricultural export by approximately 5%, but, nevertheless, within the years 2010 and 2011, the value of agricultural trade increased year-on-year by approximately 3.6% and 14.8%, respectively.). Growth in the area of the development of the value of export as well as import remained preserved. The comparative advantage of Czech export remained preserved in the case of key aggregations. The strong aggregations of Czech agricultural export generally include CN 01, CN 04, CN 10, CN 11, CN 12, CN 13, CN 17, CN 21, CN 22 and CN 24.

scholarly journals The competitiveness of Czech agrarian trade within the context of the global crisis

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Smutka ◽  
J. Burianová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Very High

World trade underwent a significant shock within the recent years, which caused a decline in the world economy primarily in the year 2009. Within the following years (2010 and 2011), the high rate of growth from the years preceding the crisis could not be restored. The crisis had an impact on all segments of the merchandise trade, whereby the trade in agricultural and food products was affected the least by the crisis. In the case of the Czech Republic, the crisis of the global and national economy was reflected in the case of agricultural trade primarily by the way of a decline in the rate of the growth of export, which was very high in the period prior to the crisis. As far as the territorial structure and commodity structure of agricultural trade is concerned, their development in the years 2008–2011 was not affected in any largely significant manner. In relation to the main objective of this article, which was to identify the effects of the crisis on the competitiveness of Czech agricultural trade, it may be stated that the crisis itself did not worsen the competitiveness of agricultural trade in any significant manner.  

scholarly journals Development of agricultural foreign trade in the countries of Central Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svatoš ◽  
L. Smutka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the development of agricultural foreign trade in Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic with the aim of uncovering the changes that have impacted the Central European agricultural trade over the ten year period (1999–2008). It issues from the results of the analysis of agricultural trade in the aforementioned countries, which has changed dramatically in terms of the commodity structure, the territorial structure and primarily the value structure. The main changes to have caused most of the changes to the individual characteristics of agricultural foreign trade in the particular countries under analysis are the process of the EU enlargementy, the adoption of obligations to ensue from the EU membership and the concentration in the internal market of the EU countries. We can see the actual changes in the commodity and territorial structure of the trade carried out in the individual countries under analysis. The changes which have occurred resulted in a dominant share of the member countries of the EU 27 in the agricultural trade of the individual countries under analysis.

scholarly journals Economies of Scale on the Municipal Level: Fact or Fiction in the Czech Republic?

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Matějová ◽  
Juraj Nemec ◽  
Milan Křápek ◽  
Daniel Klimovský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Municipal Level

AbstractMany countries have carried out extensive amalgamation-related territorial reforms at the level of local self-government and created relatively large municipalities. The Czech Republic is one of the few remaining European countries with a fragmented territorial structure. There is a lot of discussion in the country about the need for amalgamation, but this discussion is mainly based on political arguments rather than on empirical evidence about the feasibility of amalgamation and its potential to improve local government performance. This paper analyses economies of scale on the local level as a factor that should be reflected in debates about the pros and cons of amalgamation in the Czech Republic. To add to the existing knowledge about the reality of economies of scale on the municipal level in the Czech Republic, we processed the municipal costs of three selected areas on a representative sample of municipalities in the South Moravian Region. The analysis showed that economies of scale can be identified for collecting local fees and for pre-school and elementary education, but not for local administration. Our results suggest that the existence of too small municipalities in the Czech Republic results in inefficiencies and should be addressed.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment and Reporting in Agriculture Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Kassem ◽  
Oldřich Trenz ◽  
Jiří Hřebíček ◽  
Oldřich Faldík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food And Agriculture

Sustainability assessment is a mainstream business activity that demonstrates the link between the organization’s strategy and commitment to a sustainable global economy. Sustainability indicators describe the environmental, social, economic and governance performance of Small and Medium‑sized Businesses/Enterprises (SMB/SME). Unfortunately, their implementations in the Czech Republic show a low level of engagement in sustainability assessment. The paper presents the results of the authors’ research in sustainability assessment of SMB/SMEs in the agriculture sector of the Czech Republic. An appropriate set of key performance indicators (KPIs) in four dimensions (economy, environment, social and governance) was developed to suit the SMB/SMEs sustainability assessment in the agriculture sector. A set of KPIs is proposed to help SMB/SMEs to avoid the barriers of sustainability assessment. These indicators are based mainly on Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture, Global Reporting Initiatives Frameworks and on current research state‑of‑the‑art. They have been created following the analysis of a number of agricultural enterprises over the world, particularly within European countries.

scholarly journals Animal Husbandry Export Measures Productivity: What is the Position of the Czech Republic?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Lenka Rumánková ◽  
Elena Kuzmenko ◽  
Irena Benešová ◽  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Adriana Laputková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness ◽  
The Relationship

Efficiency, productivity and competitiveness are important indicators of any production process. Speaking of agriculture and, in particular, animal husbandry in the light of sustainable development context, the values of these indicators become of special importance. Since adequate and efficient usage of disposable labour, land and capital can play a crucial role in obtaining and preserving higher efficiency and productivity levels, the natural question arises - does any relationship exist between mentioned production factors and revealed comparative advantage? The main aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship between export-measured productivity and comparative advantages in animal husbandry of selected European countries. The benchmark is provided in relation to the Czech Republic. To analyse productivity of agricultural and, more specifically, animal production in the European countries selected for the analysis (based on available balanced data incorporating the period from 2005 to 2017), a decision was made to trace export performance of these countries recalculated with regard to a unit of core productive factors, such as land, labour and capital. Based on the foreign trade indicators (Gruber Lloyd index, RCA index), cluster analysis was conducted, in which individual calculation was used as an input variable. Subsequently, hierarchical clustering and Ward´s method were used. The evidence from this study suggests that the revealed comparative advantage of the countries is not determined primarily by the level of export-based productivity. The relationship between these variables is rather weak and very often negative, which indicates that productivity indicators do not play a significant role in the overall competitiveness of the monitored countries.

scholarly journals New resources of innovation - challenges to the Czech Republic and its positioning in global economy

Ergo ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Pavla Žížalová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The Czech Republic

Nové zdroje inovací - výzvy pro českou ekonomiku a její postavení v globální ekonomiceGlobalizace v současné době, zčásti i v důsledku ekonomické krize, přechází do druhé fáze a mezi odborníky se začíná hovořit o tzv. globalizaci 2.0. Ta znamená nejen další silnější propojení světové ekonomiky, ale zejména posilování pozice rozvíjejících se zemí nejen z pohledu výroby, ale především z pohledu spotřeby. Hlavní centra nabídky a poptávky se proměňujía výroba a spotřeba se opět začínají více organizovat ve stejné lokalitě. Rychle se rozvíjející ekonomiky a jejich velmi početná populace se tak podle odborníků i manažerů některých velkých korporací stanou hlavním motorem budoucí poptávky (spotřeby). A tedy i zdrojem pro nové inovace (inovace totiž začíná i končí u zákazníka), které budou díky své jednoduchosti, snadnému použití i nižším nákladům pronikat i na vyspělé trhy. Cílem tohoto článku je jednoduše zhodnotit, jak si v tomto kontextu stojí Česko a také jaké má tato proměna důsledky pro podporu inovací a konkurenceschopnosti.

scholarly journals WTO and India’s Agricultural Trade Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934-1942
Author(s):  
Raghav Bansal, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agriculture Products

India is an agrarian economy, which contributes about 15 percent of GDP and provides livelihood to more than 50 percent of the total population of the country. WTO has shown a momentous part in the expansion of the export market for developing and developed economy. Several measures are taken by WTO in order to reduce trade restrictions and trade barriers. In this study, we have been analyzed India’s agriculture trade, composition, direction and potential. The study is dependent on secondary data which is gathered from International Trade Centre, Department of Agriculture and Co-operation. Two-digits HS code products range from 01-24 were taken for the study. Few specific two and four-digit HS code products were taken to analyze the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Data were taken for the period 2001-2018. The export potential of India in international market was identified using reckoning of Balassa’s index of RCA. Study reveals that there has been a positive agricultural trade balance since 1990-91. In some agriculture commodities like coffee, oilseeds, tea and wheat India has a comparative advantage in export and India have both developed and developing countries such as UAE, USA, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam and Iran are exporting partner. In the last, study suggest that the government of India should focus more on producing agriculture products which has a country comparative advantage in trade like tea, oilseeds, coffee and wheat. Study suggests that EXIM bank should provide adequate credit to encourage agricultural export. The farming should be export-oriented to meet international standards.

scholarly journals Agrarian foreign trade of the Czech Republic in the period of 2004–2008, competitiveness of commodities

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Burianová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Total List ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Net Export ◽  
Specific Degree

The paper deals with agrarian foreign trade (AFT) of the Czech Republic during the period of 2004–2008. Distinct changes in the trade volume, but also changes in the net export structure were observed. The export is being assisted with a much larger trading area without customs restrictions but it is also exposed to a much tougher competition. A methodology that makes it possible to evaluate the competitiveness of individual commodities is described in the first part. A sequence of individual items from a total list of basic food goods was analyzed using chosen indicators – Balass indicator RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) as well as the Michaely index MI that shows a specific degree of specialization for export. In the Results section, attention is firstly focused on the year 2004. The values of export and import for 24 items of basic food commodities are summarised, and the most important items in respect of the share in total export are selected. Analogical output was acquired for the year 2008. The values of RCA and MI indicators are then itemised, and a sequence is determined for the highest values for the commodities able to compete that shows the specific degree of specialization for export.

The effects of tariff structure changes on comparative advantage after the accession of the czech republic to the european union

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Vavrejnová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Protection Rate ◽  
Tariff Structure

Preparations for the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union involve also the analysis of changes in the level and structure of customs duty tariffs.<p> In this study, the possible tariff structure changes were calculated using the comparison of the present Czech tariffs and the German tariffs, which include only common external EU tariffs. The concept of Balassa's and Corden's effective protection rate was used to express more precisely the burden on production by customs duty tariffs, in comparison with nominal tariffs. The effect of tariff structure changes on the structure of comparative advantage and resource allocation was estimated. Here the concept of revealed comparative advantage was used. A list of sectors with reinforced comparative advantage was chosen.<p> The results of the calculations should be taken as experimental, and for the present may give only general signals of effects, due to the obsolete statistical databasis used, and also due to limitations in the sectoral break up, given by the disposable input-output table which was used in calculations. Future changes in economic situation and the updated statistical databasis will call for updating of our calculations.

scholarly journals   Development of agricultural trade and competitiveness of the commodity structures of individual countries of the Visegrad Group

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 222-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svatoš ◽  
L. Smutka
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

The paper analyzes the development of the value, commodity and territorial structure and competitiveness of agricultural trade of the countries of the Visegrad Group in 1993&ndash;2008. Over the years, there has been a sharp increase not only to the volume, but also to the value of the traded agricultural products. The territorial structure of both exports and imports has narrowed to a decisive extent, primarily to the trade with the countries of the EU27. The commodity structure of agricultural trade has adapted very strongly both to the world and especially to the European market and it has furthermore reacted to the changes in the structure of the individual national markets. In the course of the years, the commodity structure has profiled so that there has been a limitation of aggregation with a strong comparative advantage on the market of the EU countries in relation to the aggregations that did not held this advantage. The analysis that has been performed indicates that the process of the accession to the EU has been reflected positively in the results of agricultural trade especially in the case of Poland. In the case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the entry into the EU likewise has not led to a worsening of the results in the area of agricultural trade. Only in the case of Hungary, one does find serious structural problems after the entry into the EU in the case of agricultural trade. It can be assumed that these problems can be attributed for the most part to the Hungary&rsquo;s current economic problems. &nbsp; &nbsp;

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