scholarly journals Damage of the Remaining Stands Caused by Various Types of Logging Technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Allman ◽  
Zuzana Allmanová ◽  
Martin Jankovský ◽  
Michal Ferenčík ◽  
Valéria Messingerová
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Tree Root System ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Machine Operator

Forest harvesting causes a lot of damage, which results in damage of the remaining stand. These damages have different character. Their origin, range, and type is affected by the type of machinery, harvesting technology and the machine operator. This paper was focused on the negative impact of three types of forest harvesting technologies to the remaining stand. We considered wheeled skidder technology, and CTL technology with wheeled and tracked chassis. The harvest in stands varied between 21 and 52%, with an average concentration of felling 13.7–95.4 m3 per one skid trail. We observed that the damage rate in stands processed by CTL technology was between 7.3 and 8.03%. Skidder technologies caused damage between 17.8% and 44.6%. The average size of wound caused by CTL technologies was between 167 and 322 cm2. Skidder caused damages with area between 395 and 506 cm2. We also observed differences between damages caused by various types of chassis. CTL technology with tracked chassis caused more damages of timber and tree root system. We used multivariate regression and correlation analyses to evaluate the effect of stand density and intensity of harvest on the intensity of damage. The analyses did not confirm significant impact of these two characteristics on intensity of damage, with coefficients of correlation of 0.22 (stand density) and 0.53 (intensity of harvest).

PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PERINGKAT DAN YIELD OBLIGASI DI BEI

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sihotang Dikson Terry
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Variable Result ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Bond Rating ◽  
Bond Yield

The purpose of this study is to examine weather corporate governance impact on bond yield and rating. This study analyses sample 27 of bonds made of Indonesian Stock Exchangelisted finance firms over the period 2004-2008. Data is analysed by using multivariate logistic regression dan multivariate regression. Multivariate logistic regres-sion is used to analyse the effect of corporate governance impact on bond rating. Meanwhile, multivariateregres-sion is used to analyse the effect of corporate governance impact on bond yield. The analyses show two main findings. First, Independent board have negative impact on bond rating. How-ever, the coefficient of the variable result is not consistent with the prediction.  Second, institutional ownership have negative impact on bond yield.Keywords: Corporate Governance, Bond Rating, Bond Yield

scholarly journals Root biomass of beech as a factor influencing the wind tree stability 

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 549-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kodrík ◽  
M. Kodrík
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tree Stability ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

Beech is, thanks to its root system, in general considered to be a wind-resistant woody plant species. Nevertheless, the research on beech root systems has revealed that it is not possible to mechanically divide the woody plants into deep rooted and shallow rooted, because their root systems are modified according to various stand conditions. The root system shape, growth and development are mostly influenced by soil conditions and groundwater level. In the case of a high groundwater level beech root systems do not form tap roots and the lateral roots are rather thin and weak. Important factor for the tree static stability is number of roots with diameter 3–10 cm. The most important for the tree stability are roots with diameter over 10 cm. Wood-destroying fungi have strong negative impact on tree static stability. There are differences between beech below-ground biomass growing in soils rich in nutrients and poor in nutrients. The total below-ground biomass of the beech stands poor in nutrients is higher.

Premières données sur l'architecture comparée des systèmes racinaires et caulinaires

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Atger ◽  
Claude Edelin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Root System ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Tree Root System ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Architectural Patterns

Since 1970, the architectural analysis of woody plants has given much information about structural and functional organization of tree crowns, their development, and reiteration patterns. In this study, we have extended this method to tree root systems. We describe the whole architecture of three species and we compare their root system and crown architectural patterns. Key words: architecture, tree, root system, crown, whole plant.

scholarly journals Cytokinin functions as an asymmetric and anti-gravitropic signal in lateral roots

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Waidmann ◽  
Michel Ruiz Rosquete ◽  
Maria Schöller ◽  
Heike Lindner ◽  
Therese LaRue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Cytokinin Oxidase ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
A Genome

AbstractDirectional organ growth allows the plant root system to strategically cover its surroundings. Intercellular auxin transport is aligned with the gravity vector in the primary root tips, facilitating downward organ bending at the lower root flank. Here we show that cytokinin signaling functions as a lateral root specific anti-gravitropic component, promoting the radial distribution of the root system. We performed a genome-wide association study and revealed that signal peptide processing of Cytokinin Oxidase 2 (CKX2) affects its enzymatic activity and, thereby, determines the degradation of cytokinins in naturalArabidopsis thalianaaccessions. Cytokinin signaling interferes with growth at the upper lateral root flank and thereby prevents downward bending. Our interdisciplinary approach revealed that two phytohormonal cues at opposite organ flanks counterbalance each other’s negative impact on growth, suppressing organ growth towards gravity and allow for radial expansion of the root system.

scholarly journals How does air pollution affect urban settlement of the floating population in China? New evidence from a push-pull migration analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Zhao ◽  
Xin Lao ◽  
Hengyu Gu ◽  
Hanchen Yu ◽  
Ping Lei
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Settlement Intentions

Abstract Background Severe air pollution in China threatens human health, and its negative impact decreases the urban settlement intentions of migrants in destination cities. We establish a comprehensive framework based on the push-pull migration model to investigate this phenomenon. Methods We employ a logistic model to analyze air pollution’s impact on the settlement intentions of the floating population based on the CMDS 2017 in China, combining the city-level socioeconomic variables with the individual-level variables. Results Our results show that the annual average concentration of PM2.5 increases by 1 unit and that the probability of migrants’ settlement intentions will decrease by 8.7%. Using a heterogeneity analysis, we find that the following migrant groups are more sensitive to air pollution: males, people over 30 years old, less educated people, and migrants with nonagricultural hukou. With every 1 unit increase in PM2.5, each group’s settlement intentions decrease by 13.2, 16.7, 16.9, and 12.6%, respectively. Conclusions Our results are consistent with existing studies. This study discovers that both external environment and internal factors influence migrants’ settlement intentions. Specifically, the differences in population sizes, economic development levels, public services, infrastructure conditions, and environmental regulations between cities play a significant role in migration decisions. We also confirm heterogeneous sensitivities to air pollution of different migrant subgroups in terms of individual characteristics, family factors, migration features, social and economic attributes.

scholarly journals Changing the Hydrogeochemical Condition in the Eastern Donbass for 25 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.И. Гавришин
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Before And After

Многие десятилетия угледобывающая промышленность оказывает интенсивное негативное влияние на все компоненты окружающей среды в Восточном Донбассе. Одним из наиболее мощных факторов преобразования гидрогеохимических условий являются шахтные воды. Особенно интенсивные изменения концентраций макрокомпонентов в шахтных водах произошли в последние 25 лет поле массовой ликвидации угольных шахт в регионе. Для всех лимитируемых макрокомпонентов обнаружено превышение ПДК вод хозяйственнопитьевого и культурнобытового водопользования по средним концентрациям, а для некоторых компонентов даже по минимальным значениям. По средним концентрациям 20ти микроэлементов превышение ПДК обнаружено в 53х компонентов, по максимальным концентрациям в 73. Средние концентрации по ряду элементов в десятки раз превышают соответствующие ПДК, а по максимальным концентрациям превышение составляет сотни раз. В грунтовых и поверхностных водах произошло увеличение средних, медианных и максимальных концентраций макрокомпонентов в 1,220 раза. По средним концентрациям превышение ПДК отмечено для 67, а по максимальным для 83 100 лимитируемых компонентов. Для средних концентраций микроэлементов в грунтовых водах превышение отмечено в 40, а для максимальных значений в 67 случаев. Средние концентрации микроэлементов превышают ПДК в несколько раз, максимальные концентрации в десятки раз. После ликвидации угольных шахт, произошло резкое усилении процессов окисления сульфидов и серы, содержащихся в углях и вмещающих горных породах, и растворение сульфатов. Сравнение гидрогеохимических условий в Восточном Донбассе до и после массовой ликвидации угольных шахт (за 25 лет) выявило значительное ухудшение качества шахтных вод и усиление процессов загрязнения грунтовых и поверхностных вод в регионе. Все изложенное свидетельствует о необходимости проведения реабилитационных мер и о совершенствовании очистных технологий For decades, the coal industry has had an intense negative impact on all environmental components in Eastern Donbass. Mine water is one of the most powerful factors in the transformation of hydrogeochemical conditions. Particularly intense changes in the concentrations of macro components in mine waters have occurred in the last 25 years the field of mass liquidation of coal mines in the region. For all the limited macrocomponents, the MAC exceeded the water supply of householddrinking, cultural, and domestic water use in average concentrations, and for some components even on minimum values. For an average concentration of 20 micronutrients, excess of MAC was found in 53 of components, at a maximum concentration of 73.The average concentrations of a number of elements are ten times higher than the corresponding MAC, and at maximum concentrations the excess is hundreds of times. In groundwater and surface waters there was an increase in average, median and maximum concentrations of macro components by 1.22.0 times. On average concentrations, the excess of MAC was observed for 67, and for the maximum for 83100 of the limited components. For average concentrations of trace elements in groundwater, excess was observed in 40, and for maximum values in 67 of cases. Average concentrations of trace elements exceed MAC several times, maximum concentrations tenfold. After the liquidation of coal mines, there was a sharp increase in the oxidation processes of sulphides and sulfur contained in coals and consumable rocks, and the dissolution of sulfates. Comparison of hydrogeochemical conditions in Eastern Donbass before and after the mass liquidation of coalmines (for 25 years) revealed a significant deterioration in the quality of mine water and increased groundwater pollution processes in the region. All of this demonstrates the need for rehabilitation measures and improvements in treatment technologies

scholarly journals Humic fractions as indicators of soil organic matter responses to clear-cutting in the mountain and lowland conditions of south-western Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Jamroz ◽  
Maria Jerzykiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Semiquinone Radical ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Humic Fractions

Clear-cutting means forest removing (stem only) and is the most common type of forest harvesting but undoubtedly has a negative impact on the C budget in soils. This work aimed to describe responses of soil organic matter in the forest soils to forest removing under temperate climate conditions of lowland and mountain regions in south-western Poland. Using advanced instrumental analysis, like EPR, 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy it has been found that clear-cutting, alters C cycling and accelerates decomposition in the forest floor leading to loss of humic fractions in the investigated soils. In the mountain forests the more labile, low-molecular fulvic fraction decreased as the effect of harvesting practice. The transformation of organic matter after clear-cutting resulted in the loss of less humified organic matter containing humic substances of less polymerised molecules. Analysis of the semiquinone radical structures and concentrations showed a decrease in radical concentration observed for HA from mountain clear-cut areas compare to the undisturbed forest. Results presented in this paper have proved less aliphatic character of humic acid molecules from the lowlands, compared to the mountain forest as the effect of clear-cutting. Harvesting practices in mountain regions should be approached with particular care due to the risk of erosion of exposed surfaces and soils containing less humified and less stable organic matter than in the lowlands. Humic fractions of higher solubility, less stability and tendency to migrate through the soil profile may favour the leaching of nutrients and consequently cause the eutrophication of waters.

Crop and tree root-system dynamics.

2009 ◽  
pp. 83-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van Noordwijk ◽  
S. Rahayu ◽  
S. E. Williams ◽  
K. Hairiah ◽  
N. Khasanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Root System ◽  
Tree Root System
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