Credit, Characterization, Personification

Dead Pledges ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie McClanahan
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Conceptual Art ◽  
First Century ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Love Story ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Literary Character ◽  
Narrative Forms ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 2 addresses the relationship between debt and personhood. Practices for evaluating economic credibility in the late eighteenth century relied on subjective, qualitative, narrative forms of evaluation and thus depended on a realist model of literary character. By the early twenty-first century, however, credit scoring had become objective, quantitative, and data driven. Yet contemporary creditors still import the fictions of personhood stripped from human subjects into the scores themselves. To understand the perduring presence of the person, this chapter considers both characterization and personification. Gary Shytengart’s 2010 novel Super Sad True Love Story attests to the persistence of racial discrimination in “objective” credit scoring, while conceptual art by Cassie Thornton, Occupy Wall Street debtor-portraits, and poetry by Mathew Timmons and Timothy Donnelley register debt as a material and historical force.

Bad Credit

2014 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie McClanahan
Keyword(s):  
Credit Rating ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Qualitative Model ◽  
Credit Score ◽  
Love Story ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Character ◽  
True Love

This essay reads twenty-first-century credit scoring against eighteenth- and nineteenth-century forms of credit evaluation. While the latter famously draws its qualitative model of credibility from the novel, and the former predictably describes itself as quantitative and impersonal, in fact the credit score, the social person, and literary character remain significantly entangled. Through a reading of Gary Shteyngart’s Super Sad True Love Story, this essay shows what kinds of persons the practice of credit rating produces.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE AND PSYCHOLOGY OF THE LATE TWENTIETH-EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

Articult ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Evgenia I. Vinogradova ◽  
◽  
Evgeny V. Kilimnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
First Century ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes the work of Western and Russian scientists, conducted in the past three decades, on the relationship of psychology and architecture. It is shown that in the West, the neuropsychological aspects of the relationship of psychology and architecture are studied thanks to modern neurobiological equipment, while in Russia there is a clear gap between the representatives of neuroscience, their technical support, and the architectural scientific community. As a result of the analysis conducted in the article, it is concluded that two research blocks can be distinguished. The first of them highlights the relationship between the psyche of the viewer and architecture. This may include research, both revealing the features of the perception of objects, and the influence of an architectural object on the viewer. Another block of research is connected with the psyche of the architect: and here the features of the design process itself are examined, as well as the influence of the personality of the architect on the features of the architectural object. It is concluded that the topic of reflecting the individual or individually-typological psychological characteristics of the personality of an architect in a specific architectural work remains undeveloped both in the West and in Russia, although it is extremely relevant today.

Part III Regimes and Doctrines, Ch.28 Something to do with States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simpson Gerry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
First Century ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Law ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter suggests that the law of sovereignty and statehood tends to be practiced, organized, and theorized around two sets of argument (and a sleight of hand), and that this tendency has produced certain effects on the distribution of political resources in global politics. The first argument is structured around the material and immaterial qualities of statehood, as it maintains that the ‘infinite transition’ discussed by Peter Fitzpatrick is produced partly by the elasticity of the doctrinal ground and partly by the remarkable stability of a very particular and idealized sovereign subject. The second argument rests on an idiom of fragmentation and unity, by juxtaposing an apparent golden age of post-Charter state sovereignty with both a decentralized nineteenth-century sovereignty, and a more protean, early twenty-first century sovereignty. Finally, the ‘sleight of hand’ operates around the relationship between routine statehood and sui generis sovereignty.

Democracy, Race, and the Socialist Project in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Robert C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
American People ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Lyndon Johnson ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Franklin Roosevelt ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Poll Data

This paper examines the relationship between race, socialism, and democracy in America. It is organized into five sections and a conclusion. The first section explores how socialism has been viewed by many black leaders and intellectuals as necessary, imperative perhaps, in the black struggle for material equality, and further investigates the relationship of this black perspective on socialism to white opposition. The second section uses the most recent historical work to identify the factors that have the stalled the development of socialism in America. I also assess how these factors have changed or not in terms of making the socialist project more likely. In the third section, I analyze available poll data on American opinion about socialism from the 1930s to the present. While the data show unambiguously increased support for socialism since the 1930s, socialism does not today command the support of a majority of the American people. In the fourth section I examine the paradigmatic Franklin Roosevelt presidency on how liberal Democratic presidents have avoided the socialist label while embracing socialist programs. The fifth section is a brief examination of what socialism—really existing socialism—means in the early twenty-first century, and the idea of “socialist smuggling” as manifested in the presidencies of FDR and Lyndon Johnson. The speculative conclusion asks what are the prospects for the socialist project, and whether the white liberal cosmopolitan bourgeoisie rather than the white working class might become a mass base for the socialist project.

Paradise Lost in Dutch, 1728–2003

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frans van Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter offers a history of Dutch translations of Paradise Lost, from the early eighteenth to the early twenty-first century. The focus is on the question of how Dutch translators have grappled with two issues: the epic’s verse form, especially its lack of rhyme and syntactic idiosyncrasies; and its politico-religious dimension, its complex view of the relationship between earthly and divine authority, as well as its anti-predestinarian stance. The history of Paradise Lost in Dutch, which starts with the translation of Van Zanten in 1728, is characterized by an unresolved formal struggle with Milton’s blank verse, embraced unreservedly only in the early twentieth century, with translator Gutteling. Before 1900, the politico-religious dimension of Paradise Lost was at the fore for translators, yet this aspect of the poem has receded in prominence, with translators after 1900 presenting the poem instead as a timeless and self-contained work of literary genius.

Conclusion

For the Wild ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
First Century ◽  
Occupy Wall Street ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
The Right

In the book’s Conclusion, I explore what it means to act “for the wild” and “for the animals” throughout one’s lifespan. Radical animal rights and environmental activism can be seen in relation to other radical protests of the early twenty-first century, including Occupy Wall Street, Black Lives Matter and the Standing Rock Dakota Pipeline protest, as well as anti-government protests on the Right. I conclude by suggesting what this study has, in the end, to say about youth culture, ritual, memory, and contemporary spirituality in the contexts of radical environmental and animal rights movements and broader political and social shifts in the early twenty-first century. These movements are significant signs of changing times as human and other-than-human communities face and respond to powerful social, political and climate challenges.

Greed and the Adventures of Homo economicus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louçã Francisco ◽  
Ash Michael
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Public Views ◽  
New Evidence

A reflection on greed and culture is provided. Literature and films, from the Bible to Oliver Stone’s Wall Street, are reviewed for the ways they have both expressed and shaped public views on greed. Yet greed is only a part of the human picture. History, as well as rigorous new evidence from social psychology and behavioral economics, shows that humans juggle egoism, altruism, reciprocity, and solidarity in proportions that vary across time and space. Inequality grew sharply in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, with a special role for finance.

scholarly journals Gramofon w kręgu reinterpretacji / Gramophone Reinterpretations

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Białas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Conceptual Art ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
First Century ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Sound Recording ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conceptual Revolution

AbstractWhat is most surprising in the 150-year history of the gramophone (phonograph, record player) is that it has not ended even today. It might appear that progress in phonography which took place in the twentieth century should have made the gramophone a relic of the industrial age. Investigating the reasons why this device is still alive, the author argues that if it survived all through the twentieth century and found is place in the digital age on the eve of the new century, it was only owing to its hidden potential, which allowed creative individuals to rediscover it, find its new uses, attribute new functions and assign it new roles; in short, reinterpret it in diverse ways, the outcome being gramophone music - a new discursive practice with a varied esthetic appearance.In the first part of the study the author refers to the history of those gramophone reinterpretations and successively describes early literary impressions of the gramophone, the phonograph postulates of Lászlo Moholy-Nagy, Paul Hindemith’s and Ernst Toch’s Grammophonmusik, John Cage’s Imaginary Landscapes, the art of D.J.’s and turntablists, Christian Marclay “creative gramophony”, and experimental turntablism.The second part of the article analyzes the esthetics of gramophone music. The author distinguishes three trends in it: in the first the gramophone is subordinated to the classical concept of music, in the second it is used to create poly-style sound collages, in the third the gramophone is the tool for the implementations of the principles of conceptual art.In conclusion the author writes that it is chiefly owing to these reinterpretations which made the sound-recording and playback invention a composer’s tool, a musical instrument and finally an object of elaborate artistic experiments that the gramophone was able to carry out a historic, technological and conceptual revolution in the twentieth-century and early twenty-first century culture.

scholarly journals Exploring the politics of visibility: Technology, digital representation, and the mediated workings of power

Semiotica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (236-237) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Brian Creech
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
First Century ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Image Production ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Strategies

AbstractFor the better part of the past decade, global social movements have drawn popular attention to the power of image production and acts of representation, particularly the ways ubiquitous cameras challenge the exercise of power This essay lays out a theoretical schema for interrogating a broader “politics of visibility” at work in the early twenty-first century, most readily apparent through the activities of smartphone-enabled and visually-savvy activists. As new media technologies have opened up new strategies of representation, these modes of representation have been incorporated into existing media practices that delimit the ways in which the consequentiality of various movements and political projects can be understood. Theoretically revisiting the concept of visibility, this essay critiques the relationship between technology and the production of knowledge in media studies before arguing that the visibility of an event presages a consequentiality partially determined by the ways in which it is rendered perceptible and thus, intelligible.

Two Worlds of Unionism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Milkman
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

This chapter examines the ways in which job segregation by gender is mirrored in the structure of organized labor, by analyzing patterns of union membership by gender, occupation, and industry in the early twenty-first century. It first looks at data on workforce feminization and segregation as well as evidence of women's view of organized labor and receptivity to unionism before comparing the composition of union membership to that of the U.S. labor force as a whole. It shows that there are two separate worlds of unionism, one male and one female, each with a distinctive culture and political orientation. Finally, it considers the fact that the labor movement is highly segmented along gender lines, along with its implications for understanding the dynamics of the relationship of women workers to unions in an era of labor movement decline.

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