scholarly journals The exercise timing hypothesis: can exercise training compensate for the reduction in blood vessel function after menopause if timed right?

2019 ◽  
Vol 597 (19) ◽  
pp. 4915-4925 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gliemann ◽  
Y. Hellsten
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Exercise Timing ◽  
Timing Hypothesis

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism Links Nutrient-Exercise Timing to Insulin Sensitivity in Men Classified as Overweight or Obese

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 660-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Edinburgh ◽  
Helen E Bradley ◽  
Nurul-Fadhilah Abdullah ◽  
Scott L Robinson ◽  
Oliver J Chrzanowski-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Training Study ◽  
Exercise Timing ◽  
Lipid Utilization ◽  
Acute Study ◽  
Intramuscular Lipid

Abstract Context Pre-exercise nutrient availability alters acute metabolic responses to exercise, which could modulate training responsiveness. Objective To assess acute and chronic effects of exercise performed before versus after nutrient ingestion on whole-body and intramuscular lipid utilization and postprandial glucose metabolism. Design (1) Acute, randomized, crossover design (Acute Study); (2) 6-week, randomized, controlled design (Training Study). Setting General community. Participants Men with overweight/obesity (mean ± standard deviation, body mass index: 30.2 ± 3.5 kg⋅m-2 for Acute Study, 30.9 ± 4.5 kg⋅m-2 for Training Study). Interventions Moderate-intensity cycling performed before versus after mixed-macronutrient breakfast (Acute Study) or carbohydrate (Training Study) ingestion. Results Acute Study—exercise before versus after breakfast consumption increased net intramuscular lipid utilization in type I (net change: –3.44 ± 2.63% versus 1.44 ± 4.18% area lipid staining, P < 0.01) and type II fibers (–1.89 ± 2.48% versus 1.83 ± 1.92% area lipid staining, P < 0.05). Training Study—postprandial glycemia was not differentially affected by 6 weeks of exercise training performed before versus after carbohydrate intake (P > 0.05). However, postprandial insulinemia was reduced with exercise training performed before but not after carbohydrate ingestion (P = 0.03). This resulted in increased oral glucose insulin sensitivity (25 ± 38 vs –21 ± 32 mL⋅min-1⋅m-2; P = 0.01), associated with increased lipid utilization during exercise (r = 0.50, P = 0.02). Regular exercise before nutrient provision also augmented remodeling of skeletal muscle phospholipids and protein content of the glucose transport protein GLUT4 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Experiments investigating exercise training and metabolic health should consider nutrient-exercise timing, and exercise performed before versus after nutrient intake (ie, in the fasted state) may exert beneficial effects on lipid utilization and reduce postprandial insulinemia.

scholarly journals Lipid metabolism links nutrient-exercise timing to insulin sensitivity in men classified as overweight or obese

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Edinburgh ◽  
H.E Bradley ◽  
N-F. Abdullah ◽  
S.L. Robinson ◽  
O.J. Chrzanowski-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Type I ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Exercise Timing

AbstractContextPre-exercise nutrient availability alters acute metabolic responses to exercise, which could modulate training responsiveness. We hypothesised that in men with overweight/obesity, acute exercise before versus after nutrient ingestion would increase whole-body and intramuscular lipid utilization, translating into greater increases in oral glucose insulin sensitivity over 6-weeks of training.Design and ParticipantsWe showed in men with overweight/obesity (mean±SD for BMI: 30.2±3.5 kg×m-2 for acute, crossover study, 30.9±4.5 kg×m-2 for randomized, controlled, training study) a single exercise bout before versus after nutrient provision increased lipid utilisation at the whole-body level, but also in both type I (p<0.01) and type II muscle fibres (p=0.02). We then used a 6-week training intervention to show sustained, 2-fold increases in lipid utilisation with exercise before versus after nutrient provision (p<0.01).Main Outcome MeasuresPostprandial glycemia was not differentially affected by exercise training before vs after nutrient provision (p>0.05), yet plasma was reduced with exercise training before, but not after nutrient provision (p=0.03), resulting in increased oral glucose insulin sensitivity when training was performed before versus after nutrient provision (25±38 vs −21±32 mL×min-1×m-2; p=0.01) and this was associated with increased lipid utilisation during exercise (r=0.50, p=0.02). Regular exercise prior to nutrient provision augmented remodelling of skeletal muscle phospholipids and protein content of the glucose transport protein GLUT4 (p<0.05).ConclusionsExperiments investigating exercise training and metabolic health should consider nutrient-exercise timing, and exercise performed before versus after nutrient intake (i.e., in the fasted state) may exert beneficial effects on lipid utilisation and reduce postprandial insulinemia.PrécisExercise in the fasted-versus fed-state increased intramuscular and whole-body lipid use, translating into increased muscle adaptation and insulin sensitivity when regularly performed over 6 weeks.

scholarly journals The association between time-of-day of habitual exercise training and changes in relevant cancer health outcomes among cancer survivors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258135
Author(s):  
Adriana M. Coletta ◽  
Mary C. Playdon ◽  
Kelly G. Baron ◽  
Mei Wei ◽  
Kristen Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Exercise Timing

Objective To assess the relationship between time-of-day of exercise training and changes in relevant cancer health outcomes among cancer survivors. Methods Retrospective analysis of data collected from 2016–2019 from a hospital-based exercise oncology program. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic, clinical, and exercise timing characteristics (e.g. AM, PM, or mix) among survivors with available data for exercise training time (n = 233). For the total sample and a breast cancer sub-analysis, univariate analysis of covariance, adjusted for age, was carried out by exercise training time, for change in the following outcomes collected during the program’s assessment sessions: cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular endurance (human performance variables), physical function, anthropometrics, self-reported fatigue, and quality of life (QoL). Change in body mass index (BMI) and body weight was included in the breast cancer analysis. Results Overall, 37.3% of survivors habitually engaged in AM exercise (e.g. ≥ 75% AM training), 34.3% in PM exercise, and 28.3% in a mix of AM and PM exercise training throughout the program. Median time in the program was 17 weeks. Significant improvements in most human performance and physical function variables were observed in the total sample regardless of exercise training time-of-day. Among breast cancer survivors, PM but not AM or mixed was associated with improvements in fitness, and lower-body muscular endurance and function. Mixed exercise timing was linked with greater increase in waist circumference (total sample: 3.02cm, 95%CI 1.55, 4.49; breast cancer: 3.57cm 95%CI 0.96, 6.18), body weight (breast cancer: 1.6kg, 95%CI 0.3, 2.8) and BMI (breast cancer: 0.6kg/m2, 95%CI 0.1, 1.0). AM and PM exercise, but not mixed, was associated with improvements in fatigue and QoL. Conclusion Time-of-day of exercise training may differentially impact changes in human performance and physical function variables. Mixed exercise training time may result in less favorable outcomes related of weight management variables among cancer survivors.

An Ultrastructural Study of Pericytes

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
E. von Haam
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Capillary Blood Vessel ◽  
Outer Plasma Membrane

Pericytes are vascular satellites present around capillary blood vessels and small venules. They have been observed in almost every tissue of the body and are thought to be related to vascular smooth muscle cells. Morphologically pericytes have great similarity to vascular endothelial cells and also slightly resemble myoepithelial cells.The present study describes the ultrastructural morphology of pericytes in normal breast tissue and in benign tumor of the breast. The study showed that pericytes are ovoid or elongated cells separated from the endothelial cell of the capillary blood vessel by the basement membrane of endothelial cell. The nuclei of pericytes are often very distinctive. Although some are round, oval, or elongated, others show marked irregularity and infolding of the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm shows mono-or bipolar extension in which the cytoplasmic organelles are located (Fig. 1). These cytoplasmic extensions embrace the capillary blood vessel incompletely. The plasma membrane exhibits multiple areas of focal condensation called hemidesmosomes (Fig. 2, arrow). A variable number of pinocytotic vesicles are frequently seen lining the outer plasma membrane. Normally pericytes are surrounded by a basement membrane which is found more consistently on the outer plasma membrane separating the pericytes from the stromal connective tissue.

624 Improved ventilatory performance at submaximal effort following exercise training in severe CHF patients is independent of improvement in maximal aerobic capacity

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
R REUVENI ◽  
A PINCHAS ◽  
Z IAKOBISHVILI ◽  
R STEIN ◽  
A BATTLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Submaximal Effort

383 Exercise training in stable heart failure: conditioning of skeletal muscle but damage of heart muscle

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
O SCHULZ ◽  
A KROMER ◽  
H RUEBSAM ◽  
S SCHERF
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Heart Muscle

783 Effect of physical and mental stress on HR and HRV before and after exercise training among patients with cardiac diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-179
Author(s):  
S CARLES ◽  
D CURNIER ◽  
A PATHAK ◽  
J RONCALLI ◽  
M BOUSQUET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Before And After
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