scholarly journals Digital Archaeological Archiving in Israel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveta Matskevich ◽  
Liat Weinblum
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Significant Data

In this article, the authors present two points of view on the preservation and dissemination of archaeological data in Israel: an official version of the policy makers (the Israel Antiquities Authority, henceforth IAA), and the view from the archaeological, especially academic, community outside the IAA. This includes an assessment of the strategies undertaken (or not) over the last 40+ years resulting in the majority of data being inaccessible, and documenting significant data loss since the 1990s. This is followed by current work to address these issues, including not only efforts to digitise but misconceptions about the problems digitisation both solves and creates, along with recommendations for how to approach the issues going forward.

Bridging the digital divide

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Vahid Aqili ◽  
Alireza Isfandyari Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Points Of View

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how the digital divide has become a common metaphor originating from now nearly obsolete phrases such as “information have and have nots” and “information rich and information poor”. The article aims to focus on several dimensions of the digital divide that pertain to service as well as the responsibilities of libraries.Design/methodology/approachThis article places emphasis on the role of librarians and information professionals in bridging the digital divide by indicating some aspects related to it as evidenced in the literature including its definition, aspects, factors affecting, and internet users.FindingsLibraries are treated as one of the major social tools which can solve the information divide rooted in the digital divide and contribute to the realization of democratic society.Research limitations/implicationsThis article revolves around the authors' points of view. So, further studies, especially comparative research between developed and developing countries which vary in terms of digital divide rate, can help to understand the real role librarians and information professionals play.Practical implicationsRethinking the digital divide, librarians must redesign and redefine their service menu for their customers through thinking functionally. They also need to review the various IT devices and information services available and examine which can be employed to present a more effective library service. In addition, policy‐makers should consider the vital role that librarians can play in the realization of knowledge‐based society and sustainable development.Originality/valueThis paper provides a theoretical basis for librarians to be more active and sedulous and policy‐makers to be vigilant and place much value for information sector and its professionals, particularly librarians working in various libraries.

scholarly journals Dissemination of the capacity building results - tools adapted to the local context

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kallel ◽  
L Zakraoui ◽  
Y Ben Othman ◽  
M Jouini ◽  
F Selaouati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Key Success Factor

Abstract Introduction The Centres for Evidence into Health Policy created by the CONFIDE project are multidisciplinary; they are dedicated not only to health professionals but also to researchers, policy makers as well as other social, environmental and economic stakeholders. Good dissemination and awareness among all stakeholders are the basis of the success and sustainability of the project results. The progress Since the start of the project in October 2017 and after developing a dissemination plan, the first and large-scale dissemination action was the creation of a communication platform and a website. Subsequently, we have setup Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn pages targeting people more involved in the project. These pages are regularly updated (progress of the project, actions carried out). Two press conferences have taken place in order to reach all targeted audiences in Tunisia. Indeed, our press conferences attracted journalists as well as representatives of NGOs, and health decision-makers in the ministry. A poster and a portfolio were designed in order to introduce the project to partner organizations that provide the students` internships and field trainings. The project also includes a policy game as a tool to bring to the same table the policymakers, researchers and other stakeholders in the community that will further contribute to the dissemination of the CONFIDE project results. Due to the dissemination activities of the Tunisian partners, the academic community in Tunisia has been exposed to a different approach and understanding of public health. The dissemination activities of the CONFIDE results have shed a new light on public health in Tunisia. Conclusions A good diffusion of the project, using tools adapted to the various audiences, will make it possible to reach a large and multidisciplinary target public and to associate them with the project. This is a key success factor for the sustainability of the Centres for Evidence into Health Policy.

The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Education Administration ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Multiple Networks ◽  
Current State ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
International Advisory

The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity constitutes an update and revision of a topic of growing academic and societal importance. Interdisciplinarity continues to be prominent both within and outside academia. Academics, policy makers, and members of public and private sectors seek approaches to help organize and integrate the vast amounts of knowledge being produced today, both within research and at all levels of education. This compendium is distinguished by its breadth of coverage, with chapters written by experts from multiple networks and organizations, on topics ranging across science and technology; social sciences, humanities, and arts; and professions. The volume is edited by respected interdisciplinary scholars and supported by an international advisory board to ensure the highest quality and breadth of coverage. The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity provides a synoptic overview of the current state of interdisciplinary research, education, administration and management, and problem solving—knowledge that spans the disciplines and interdisciplinary fields while also crossing the boundary between the academic community and society at large. Offering the most broad-based account of inter- and transdisciplinarity to date, its essays bring together many of the globe’s leading thinkers on interdisciplinary research, education, and institutional parameters as well as reflections on how knowledge can be better integrated with societal needs.

scholarly journals The Africa Platform and its awareness-raising activities. Panel discussion on the future of Rwanda (13 May 2015)

Afrika Focus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Verdoolaege
Keyword(s):  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The Future ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Way ◽  
Artistic Performance

The reactions to this event were generally very positive; a great many interesting issues were touched upon and the atmosphere of the discussion allowed sufficient room for various points of view and an optimistic view on the future of Rwanda to be expressed. This was an excellent example of an event in which academic Africa expertise is made available to inform a broad public, in conjunction with an artistic performance. Also the input provided by the Rwandan diaspora was greatly valued. In the future, this is definitely the way in which the African Platform of Ghent University Association wishes to present itself to the academic community and beyond. 

scholarly journals Error-correcting DNA barcodes for high-throughput sequencing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Hawkins ◽  
Stephen K. Jones ◽  
Ilya J. Finkelstein ◽  
William H. Press
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
Insertions And Deletions ◽  
Sequencing Errors ◽  
Significant Data

ABSTRACTMany large-scale high-throughput experiments use DNA barcodes—short DNA sequences prepended to DNA libraries—for identification of individuals in pooled biomolecule populations. However, DNA synthesis and sequencing errors confound the correct interpretation of observed barcodes and can lead to significant data loss or spurious results. Widely-used error-correcting codes borrowed from computer science (e.g., Hamming and Levenshtein codes) do not properly account for insertions and deletions in DNA barcodes, even though deletions are the most common type of synthesis error. Here, we present and experimentally validate FREE (Filled/truncated Right End Edit) barcodes, which correct substitution, insertion, and deletion errors, even when these errors alter the barcode length. FREE barcodes are designed with experimental considerations in mind, including balanced GC content, minimal homopolymer runs, and reduced internal hairpin propensity. We generate and include lists of barcodes with different lengths and error-correction levels that may be useful in diverse high-throughput applications, including >106 single-error correcting 16-mers that strike a balance between decoding accuracy, barcode length, and library size. Moreover, concatenating two or more FREE codes into a single barcode increases the available barcode space combinatorially, generating lists with > 1015 error-correcting barcodes. The included software for creating barcode libraries and decoding sequenced barcodes is efficient and designed to be user-friendly for the general biology community.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTModern high-throughput biological assays study pooled populations of individual members by labeling each member with a unique DNA sequence called a “barcode.” DNA barcodes are frequently corrupted by DNA synthesis and sequencing errors, leading to significant data loss and incorrect data interpretation. Here, we describe a novel error-correction strategy to improve the efficiency and statistical power of DNA barcodes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an error-correcting method that accurately handles insertions and deletions in DNA barcodes, the most common type of error encountered during DNA synthesis and sequencing, resulting in order-of-magnitude increases in accuracy, efficiency, and signal-to-noise. The accompanying software package makes deployment of these barcodes effortless for the broader experimental scientist community.

scholarly journals Fronts and Forms of Public Diplomacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
U. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Broadcasting ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Transnational Actors ◽  
Building Activities

Public diplomacy becomes a more and more popular area of research due to several global trends: growing interdependence of states and the rise of transnational actors that urge governments to seek ways beyond their military and economic power to achieve their political goals; technological progress that makes information more accessible to the public, enabling international communication, thus increasing the importance of a dominating narrative; the rise of a human-centric approach placing the emphasis on individual people, protection and promotion of their rights, thus making public opinion more crucial to policy-makers than ever. However, there are still a lot of lacunae in the theoretical framework analyzing public diplomacy. Among them is the lack of a clear widely accepted classification of activities that fall into the area of public diplomacy. Some researchers choose to avoid typology altogether, others provide academic community with a variety of overlapping and contradicting approaches and terms, such as “dimensions”, “types”, “media”, “frameworks”, etc. After carefully studying related publications of international and Russian researchers, analyzing them and defining most common trends, the author proposes her own way to classify public diplomacy activities via two synergetic typologies. The first one offers a division by fronts based on the principal of the final goal of each front of public diplomacy: e.g. relationship-building activities and agenda-setting to influence the news. The second one implies a division by forms based on the principal of the general shape of the main types of public diplomacy activities: e.g. cultural diplomacy, international broadcasting. The author highlights that this approach does not involve multiplication of public diplomacy types based on the instrument (e.g. gastro-diplomacy, twitter-diplomacy, sport diplomacy), since each form may incorporate several instruments and the particular toolkit may change in time. The article suggests using both typologies for comprehensive research of public diplomacy (either in a case-study or for a theoretical model). However, a front-based classification can be more useful for studies related to strategic planning, long-term and short-term political goals of government, whereas a form-based classification can be more useful for researchers who focus on measuring a country’s public diplomacy effectiveness or seek to attribute a new instrument of public diplomacy

scholarly journals Inputs of Iranian health system reform plan from health sector managers and policy-makers' points of view

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahan Mohammadi ◽  
MohammadHossein Yarmohammadian ◽  
Elahe Khorasani ◽  
MohsenGhaffari Darab ◽  
Manal Etemadi
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health System Reform ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Iranian Health System

Don’t Just Widen One Lens; Instead Use Many

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1549-1558
Author(s):  
Robert Walker ◽  
James J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Wide Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rule Compliance ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Right

This paper responds to the commentaries offered by Mulla and Hlavka, Conte, Cerulli, and Cromer and Newman. We reflect on their differing points of view, attempt clarifications, and then re-state our central concern in regard to research ethics in studies of violence against women. We think that IRB-oriented approaches suffer from too much rule adherence, too much focus on doing things the right way and too little attention to the larger ethical question of to how figure out the right things to do. We continue to raise concern about inept research as potentially damaging to a class of persons, not to the specific subjects of any particular study. Thus, we see not just a matter of poor design, mishandling of analyses, or even of clumsy inferences from the data in some research; these errors are correctible by better training and review. But these errors also have the potential for misleading the public and policy makers and thus suggest ethical dimensions to clumsy work. We conclude by proposing use of wide reflective equilibrium as a way of entering into deeper dialogue about the complex ethical issues surrounding this field of research. Hopefully, we can move beyond mere rule compliance to seriously considering the end effects of our science.

Long-distance trade in ancient India: Evidence from Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Patrick Olivelle
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
First Century ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Significant Data

Much of the significant data for long-distance and maritime trade across South Asia in the ancient period comes from archaeological sources. Nevertheless, textual sources too have some significant things to say about material culture and trade in the ancient world. In a special way, texts give insights into what people thought about trans-regional trade, the globalisation of the ancient world, both the good and the bad that came with it, insights that cannot be culled solely from archaeological data. This article’s focus is on the Arthaśāstra, which Kauṭilya wrote around middle of the first century ce, drawing on sources that predate him by a century or more. The Arthaśāstra does not have a separate section on trade, but trade data are scattered over at least four areas: (a) the treasury and its need for luxury goods: pearls, gems, diamonds, coral, sandalwood, aloe, incense, skins and furs, and cloth; (b) military needs: horses and elephants; (c) developing and guarding land and water routes and shipping; and (d) duties and taxes on imported goods. Significant data on trade are also provided in Kauṭilya’s discussion of trade routes and their protection, as well as data on duties and taxes on imported goods.

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