scholarly journals Assessment of environmental quality, degree of optimism, and the assignment of responsibility regarding the state of the environment in Latin America

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Páramo ◽  
Marithza Sandoval-Escobar ◽  
Adriana Jakovcevic ◽  
Julian Ferreiro ◽  
Alba Mustaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Responsibility Scale

This study explores the assessments made by the inhabitants of eight Latin American countries regarding the current state of the environment, at a local, national and global scale, and how it is perceived looking ahead to the future. It also examines the assignment of responsibility in the future management of the environment. A total of 944 people took part in the study from the eight participating countries, men and women over the age of 18 with different levels of education. The study uses the Environmental Futures Scale to which two relevant items have been added to assess the environment in the region, as well as the Assignment of Environmental Responsibility Scale. The results show differences between the countries, although in general they are pessimistic regarding the current and future state of the environment at the local, national and global level, with the exception of Brazil. In general, and with the exception of Brazil, in the countries surveyed, people assign a high level of responsibility to external social agents at the different levels, increasing their judgement of external responsibility at the national and global levels of analysis. The implications of these findings for environmental policy and education in the countries of this region are also discussed.

Direct Foreign Investment and Economic Development in Latin America: Perspectives for the Future

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 221-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Paus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
International Bank ◽  
The Future ◽  
Latin American Countries

Since 1982, most Latin American countries have witnessed slow economic growth and a persistent net transfer of funds to the rest of the world as a result of sharply reduced inflows of private international bank lending and large debt payment obligations. Against this background direct foreign investment (DFI) has received increasing attention as one important element in overcoming the present stagnation-cum-debt crisis as well as in contributing to renewed economic growth. This article explores the possible contributions of DFI to the future economic growth and development of the region.1

scholarly journals Can the Subaltern Speak in Criminology? Analysing the Production of Knowledge on Crimes of the Powerful in the 21st Century through Latin American Postcolonial Lenses

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Valdés-Riesco
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Latin American Studies ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Latin American Countries

Through postcolonial criminological lens, this article attempts to evidence the domination of knowledge in criminology of Crimes of the powerful in the Global North and Anglo-language countries, and whether this domination translates into an influence of knowledge in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 21st century. To address this, a scoping review search was developed to find research articles focused on Crimes of the powerful both globally and in Latin American countries, and a citation analysis performed on specific studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied as a search strategy. The results demonstrate that a high level of concentration exists in the production of knowledge of Crimes of the powerful studies in the Global North and Anglo-language countries compared to the Global South and non-Anglo-language countries, and also evidence the high level of influence of knowledge that Global North countries have on Latin American studies.

Green Growth in Mexico, Brazil, and Chile

2016 ◽  
pp. 203-237
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso ◽  
Nicole Grunewald
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Growth Indicators

This research focuses on identifying the main policy strategies that could potentially contribute to the advance of three Latin American economies, namely Brazil, Chile and Mexico towards a green growth model that is social and inclusive, given the actual patterns of development of those economies. With this aim, we first identify and describe past and current policies in each country in terms of economic, social and environmental indicators. A detailed analysis follows for Brazil, Chile and Mexico, in which we propose a series of green growth indicators and choose a definition and classification of green growth sectors. We estimate an empirical model to explain the determinants of greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation in Latin American countries. We broadly identify the sectors that contribute to its increase and describe the main green policies applied in each country. In turn we identify the sectors with higher potential for the future. Finally, we present policy recommendations and reflections for the future.

scholarly journals Automation in Latin America: Are Women at Higher Risk of Losing Their Jobs?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monserrat Bustelo ◽  
Pablo Egana-delSol ◽  
Laura Ripani ◽  
Nicolas Soler ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
And Robotics

New technological trends, such as digitization, artificial intelligence and robotics, have the power to drastically increase economic output but may also displace workers. In this paper we assess the risk of automation for female and male workers in four Latin American countries Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and El Salvador. Our study is the first to apply a task-based approach with a gender perspective in this region. Our main findings indicate that men are more likely than women to perform tasks linked to the skills of the future, such as STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), information and communications technology, management and communication, and creative problem-solving tasks. Women thus have a higher average risk of automation, and 21% of women vs. 19% of men are at high risk (probability of automation greater than 70%). The differential impacts of the new technological trends for women and men must be assessed in order to guide the policy-making process to prepare workers for the future. Action should be taken to prevent digital transformation from worsening existing gender inequalities in the labor market.

scholarly journals The Intersection of Civic Engagement and Civic Attidues Among Latino Youth through a Factor Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Webster ◽  
Erica Sausner ◽  
Bader Alotaibi ◽  
Ashley Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Insight Into

The extent to which civic and citizenship education captures the ways Latino youth perceive their roles as social change agents is largely absent from academic literature. This article examines how youth perceptions of and interactions with civic education define the civic lens they apply to their societies. The article examines a new way of interpreting the International Civic and Citizenship Study data and how it investigates new ways to view the civic lens of youth within three Latin American countries. Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicate a three-factor structure of civic lenses and show that youth who have been exposed to particular postconflict ideologies have developed a basic national understanding of civics. Findings provide insight into the utility of a tool for assessing youths' notions of social agents of change based upon pertinent civic perspectives. Such assessment may identify factors to be addressed by organizations seeking to deepen understanding and increase meaningfulness of civic action for youth.

scholarly journals PRIVATE AND PUBLIC PENSION SYSTEMS WORLWIDE: CASE OF RUSSIA

2016 ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
A. V. Pudovkin
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
System Review ◽  
High Level ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Further Development

The article deals with the Russian pension system and make recommendations for its further development on the basis of international experience. The Russian pension system is in a state of transition. The reform of 2013-2015 is not completed, since in its current state pension system is still characterized by very low replacement rate value at a very high level of government spending. Moratorium on pension accumulation introduced in the course of recent reforms calls into question the future of the mandatory funded pension system. Review of international pension systems formation suggests that the most successful of them are not limited solely to public system, and use a combination of distribution and accumulation units. When choosing between mandatory or voluntary options they are guided by the characteristics of the national economy. Studying the successes and mistakes of world practice of voluntary and mandatory funded pension systems is of great scientific and practical interest, since it can contribute to a more accurate choice of the future path of development of the national pension system.

Co-operatives in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Giovannini ◽  
Marcelo Vieta
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Latin American ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter focuses on co-operatives in four representative Latin American countries—Argentina, Chile, Cuba, and Mexico—in order to highlight their historical trajectories, evolutionary trends, and potential for further development. These representative countries reflect the range of co-operative development in Latin America, both historically and contemporaneously. Each country, for instance, shows different paths of co-operative development related to, among other factors, different levels of support by their governments, community-based responses to neoliberal policies, and varying connections to broader social movements and other forms of grass-roots organizations. This chapter will also present a number of experiences that are of particular interest today in the region, such as worker-recuperated enterprises and other forms of workers’nself-management, indigenous co-operatives, community-owned agricultural co-operatives, co-operatives managing general-interest social services, and, most controversially, public-services and work-for-welfare co-operatives created by the state.

scholarly journals Studies about the Quality of Democracy in Brazil: The Inter-institutional Accountability Dimension

1970 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Vicente Fonseca ◽  
Carlos F. Domínguez Avila ◽  
Henry Aniagoa Kifordu
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Institutional Accountability ◽  
Independent Information ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
High Level ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Made In

The quality of democracy in Brazil can be analyzed and studied through seven dimensions based on Leornardo Morlino´s thought. It follows that the intellectual effort made in this article is centered on ‘Inter-institutional Accountability Dimension’. The studies’ objective is to describe and analyze the sub-dimensional levels of inter-institutional accountability by focusing on the Legislative relations with the Executive; the decisions of the Supreme Court; the Ombudsman and the General Audit of the Union, the Plural and Independent Information and the Bureaucratic Decentralization Models. In this context, we will examine the current political context of the country and seek to confirm the existence of a high level of inter-institutional accountability in Brazil in comparison with other Latin American Countries. Thereby, we will make proposals for improving the situation.

scholarly journals FDI and the Subprime Crisis: An Analysis for Asian and Latin American Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila G. Castro ◽  
Antônio C. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Subprime Crisis ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
International Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries

In recent decades, the inflows and stocks of foreign direct investment (FDI) have been heading increasingly towards developing countries intensifying the dynamics of international business. However, in 2008 the international financial crisis hit the world economy, decreasing FDI levels on a global scale. In this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the international financial crisis on FDI in Asian and Latin American countries, and to accomplish that, an analytical model was estimated by using dynamic panel procedures. Among the results, it was observed that the 2008 crisis had a negative impact on the multinational companies affecting the FDI stocks in the countries under consideration. However, the impact on the two regions differed, as the reduction in FDI stocks in Asia was greater than that in Latin American countries. In addition, the extension of the crisis, after 2008, was favorable to the growth of FDI in both regions.

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