Ceramic Gas Turbine Development: Need for a 10Year Plan

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark van Roode
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Electrical Efficiency

Ceramic gas turbine development that started in the 1950s has slowed considerably since most of the large-scale ceramic gas turbine development programs of the 1970s–1990s ended. While component durability still does not meet expectations, the prospect of significant energy savings and emission reductions, potentially achievable with ceramic gas turbines, continues to justify development efforts. Four gas turbine applications have been identified that could be commercially attractive: a small recuperated gas turbine (microturbine) with ∼35% electrical efficiency, a recuperated gas turbine for transportation applications with ∼40% electrical efficiency with potential applications for efficient small engine cogeneration, a ∼40% efficient midsize industrial gas turbine, and a ∼63% (combined cycle) efficient utility turbine. Key technologies have been identified to ensure performance and component durability targets can be met over the expected life cycle for these applications. These technologies include a Si3N4 or SiC with high fracture toughness, durable EBCs for Si3N4 and SiC, an effective EBC∕TBC for SiC∕SiC, a durable oxide∕oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) with thermally insulating coating, and the next generation CMCs with high strength that can be used as structural materials for turbine components for small engines and for rotating components in engines of various sizes. The programs will require integrated partnerships between government, national laboratories, universities, and industry. The overall cost of the proposed development programs is estimated at U.S. $100M over 10years, i.e., an annual average of U.S. $10M.

Ceramic Gas Turbine Development: Need for a 10-Year Plan

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark van Roode
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Electrical Efficiency

Ceramic gas turbine development that started in the 1950s has slowed considerably since most of the large-scale ceramic gas turbine development programs of the 1970s–1990s ended. While component durability still does not meet expectations, the prospect of significant energy savings and emissions reductions, potentially achievable with ceramic gas turbines, continues to justify development efforts. Four gas turbine applications have been identified that could be commercially attractive: a small recuperated gas turbine (microturbine) with ∼35% electrical efficiency, a recuperated gas turbine for transportation applications with ∼40% electrical efficiency with potential applications for efficient small engine cogeneration, a ∼40% efficient mid-size industrial gas turbine and a ∼63% (combined cycle) efficient utility turbine. Key technologies have been identified to ensure performance and component durability targets can be met over the expected life cycle for these applications. These technologies include: a Si3N4 or SiC with high fracture toughness, durable EBCs for Si3N4 and SiC, an effective EBC/TBC for SiC/SiC, a durable Oxide/Oxide CMC with thermally insulating coating, and the Next Generation CMCs with high strength that can be used as structural materials for turbine components for small engines and for rotating components in engines of various sizes. The programs will require integrated partnerships between government, national laboratories, universities and industry. The overall cost of the proposed development programs is estimated at U.S. $100M over ten-years, i.e. an annual average of U.S. $10M.

Performance Improvement Program for Kawasaki Gas Turbine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Taniguchi ◽  
Ryoji Tamai ◽  
Yoshihiko Muto ◽  
Satoshi Takami ◽  
Ryozo Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Improvement Program

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd (KHI) has started a comprehensive program to further improve performance and availability of existing Kawasaki gas turbines. In the program, one of the Kawasaki’s existing gas turbine was selected from the broad product line and various kinds of technology were investigated and adopted to further improve its thermal performance and availability. The new technologies involve novel film cooling of turbine nozzles, advanced and large-scale numerical simulations, new thermal barrier coating. The thermal performance target is combined cycle efficiency of 51.6% and the target ramp rate is 20% load per minute. The program started in 2015 and engine testing has just started. In this paper, details of the program are described, focusing on design procedure.

Development of Mitsubishi 1600°C Class J-Type Gas Turbine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Araki ◽  
J. Masada ◽  
S. Hada ◽  
E. Ito ◽  
K. Tsukagoshi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Component Technology ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
National Project ◽  
Class D ◽  
Operation Status

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) developed a 1100°C class D-type gas turbine in the 1980s and constructed the world’s first successful large-scale combined cycle power plant. Since then, MHI has developed the F and G-type gas turbines with higher turbine inlet temperature and has delivered these units worldwide accumulating successful commercial operations. MHI is currently participating in a Japanese National Project to promote the development of component technology for the next generation 1700°C class gas turbine. MHI recently developed a 1600°C class J-type gas turbine utilizing some of the technologies developed in the National Project. This paper discusses the history and evolution of MHI large frame gas turbine for power generation and the 1600°C class J-type gas turbine update, including the engine specification, verification and trial operation status.

Modern opportunities for preparation of ultra-pure water for feeding high-performance boiler plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
A.A. Filimonova ◽  
◽  
N.D. Chichirova ◽  
A.A. Chichirov ◽  
A.A. Batalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Equipment

The article provides an overview of modern high-performance combined-cycle plants and gas turbine plants with waste heat boilers. The forecast for the introduction of gas turbine equipment at TPPs in the world and in Russia is presented. The classification of gas turbines according to the degree of energy efficiency and operational characteristics is given. Waste heat boilers are characterized in terms of design and associated performance and efficiency. To achieve high operating parameters of gas turbine and boiler equipment, it is necessary to use, among other things, modern water treatment equipment. The article discusses modern effective technologies, the leading place among which is occupied by membrane, and especially baromembrane methods of preparing feed water-waste heat boilers. At the same time, the ion exchange technology remains one of the most demanded at TPPs in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Powering Ahead

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (05) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
The Military

This article explores the increasing use of natural gas in different turbine industries and in turn creating an efficient electrical system. All indications are that the aviation market will be good for gas turbine production as airlines and the military replace old equipment and expanding economies such as China and India increase their air travel. Gas turbines now account for some 22% of the electricity produced in the United States and 46% of the electricity generated in the United Kingdom. In spite of this market share, electrical power gas turbines have kept a much lower profile than competing technologies, such as coal-fired thermal plants and nuclear power. Gas turbines are also the primary device behind the modern combined power plant, about the most fuel-efficient technology we have. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is developing a new J series gas turbine for the combined cycle power plant market that could achieve thermal efficiencies of 61%. The researchers believe that if wind turbines and gas turbines team up, they can create a cleaner, more efficient electrical power system.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

Performance Analysis of a Combined Cycle Power Plant Through Exergetic and Environmental Indices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Vicente Torres González ◽  
Raúl Lugo Leyte ◽  
Martín Salazar Pereyra ◽  
Helen Denise Lugo Méndez ◽  
Miguel Toledo Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

In this paper is carried out a comparison between a gas turbine power plant and a combined cycle power plant through exergetic and environmental indices in order to determine performance and sustainability aspects of a gas turbine and combined cycle plant. First of all, an exergetic analysis of the gas turbine and the combined is carried out then the exergetic and environmental indices are calculated for the gas turbine (case A) and the combined cycle (case B). The exergetic indices are exergetic efficiency, waste exergy ratio, exergy destruction factor, recoverable exergy ratio, environmental effect factor and exergetic sustainability. Besides, the environmental indices are global warming, smog formation and acid rain indices. In the case A, the two gas turbines generate 278.4 MW; whereas 415.19 MW of electricity power is generated by the combined cycle (case B). The results show that exergetic sustainability index for cases A and B are 0.02888 and 0.1058 respectively. The steam turbine cycle improves the overall efficiency, as well as, the reviewed exergetic indexes. Besides, the environmental indices of the gas turbines (case A) are lower than the combined cycle environmental indices (case B), since the combustion gases are only generated in the combustion chamber.

Fits and Starts: A Current Look at Marine and Industrial Gas Turbine Electric Start Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn McAndrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Past History ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Production ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Electric starter development programs have been the subject of ASME technical papers for over two decades. Offering significant advantages over hydraulic or pneumatic starters, electric starters are now poised to be the preferred choice amongst gas turbine customers. That they are not now the dominant starter in the field after decades of investment and experimentation is attributable to many factors. As with any new technology, progress is often unsteady, depending on budgets, market conditions, customer buy-in, etc. Additionally, technological advances in the parent technologies, in this case electric motors, can abruptly and rapidly change, further disturbing the best laid introduction plans. It is therefore not too surprising that only recently, is the industry beginning to see the deployment of electric starters on production gas turbines. The earliest adoption occurred on smaller gas turbine units, generally less than 10 MW in power. More recently, gas turbines greater than 10 MWs are being sold with electric starters. The authors expect that regardless of their size or fuel supply, most all future gas turbine users will opt for electric starters. This may even include the “larger” frame machines with power greater than 100 MW. Starting with some past history, this paper will not only summarize past development efforts, it will attempt to examine the current deployment of electric starters throughout the marine and industrial gas turbine landscapes. The large-scale acceptance of electric start systems for both new production and retrofit will depend on the favorable cost/benefit assessment when weighing both first cost and life cycle cost. The current and intense activity in electric vehicle applications is giving rise to even more power dense motors. The paper will look at some of these exciting applications, the installed products, and the technologies behind the products. To what extent these new products may serve the needs of the gas turbine community will be the central question this paper attempts to answer.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-NOx LBG Combustor for Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Nakata ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Power Generation Systems

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low-BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program of the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, 1300°C class gas turbines will be developed. If the fuel gas cleaning system is a hot type, the coal gaseous fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel-NOx combustion technology will be one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel-NOx combustion technology for 1300°C class gas turbine combustors using coal gaseous low-BTU fuel as well as combustion characteristics and carbon monoxide emission characteristics. Combustion tests were conducted using a full-scale combustor used for the 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, high pressure combustion tests were conducted using a half-scale combustor used for the 1 50 MW gas turbine.

Virtual Gas Turbines Part I: A Top-Down Geometry Modelling Environment for Turbomachinery Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davendu Y. Kulkarni ◽  
Gan Lu ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Luca di Mare
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
System Level ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Design Intent ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Modelling Environment

Abstract The gas turbine engine design involves multi-disciplinary, multi-fidelity iterative design-analysis processes. These highly intertwined processes are nowadays incorporated in automated design frameworks to facilitate high-fidelity, fully coupled, large-scale simulations. The most tedious and time-consuming step in such simulations is the construction of a common geometry database that ensures geometry consistency at every step of the design iteration, is accessible to multi-disciplinary solvers and allows system-level analysis. This paper presents a novel design-intent-driven geometry modelling environment that is based on a top-down feature-based geometry model generation method. In the proposed object-oriented environment, each feature entity possesses a separate identity, denotes an abstract geometry, and carries a set of characteristics. These geometry features are organised in a turbomachinery feature taxonomy. The engine geometry is represented by a tree-like logical structure of geometry features, wherein abstract features outline the engine architecture, while the detailed geometry is defined by lower-level features. This top-down flexible arrangement of feature-tree enables the design intent to be preserved throughout the design process, allows the design to be modified freely and supports the design intent variations to be propagated throughout the geometry automatically. The application of the proposed feature-based geometry modelling environment is demonstrated by generating a whole-engine computational geometry. This geometry modelling environment provides an efficient means of rapidly populating complex turbomachinery assemblies. The generated engine geometry is fully scalable, easily modifiable and is re-usable for generating the geometry models of new engines or their derivatives. This capability also enables fast multi-fidelity simulation and optimisation of various gas turbine systems.

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