Ceramic Gas Turbine Development: Need for a 10-Year Plan

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark van Roode
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Electrical Efficiency

Ceramic gas turbine development that started in the 1950s has slowed considerably since most of the large-scale ceramic gas turbine development programs of the 1970s–1990s ended. While component durability still does not meet expectations, the prospect of significant energy savings and emissions reductions, potentially achievable with ceramic gas turbines, continues to justify development efforts. Four gas turbine applications have been identified that could be commercially attractive: a small recuperated gas turbine (microturbine) with ∼35% electrical efficiency, a recuperated gas turbine for transportation applications with ∼40% electrical efficiency with potential applications for efficient small engine cogeneration, a ∼40% efficient mid-size industrial gas turbine and a ∼63% (combined cycle) efficient utility turbine. Key technologies have been identified to ensure performance and component durability targets can be met over the expected life cycle for these applications. These technologies include: a Si3N4 or SiC with high fracture toughness, durable EBCs for Si3N4 and SiC, an effective EBC/TBC for SiC/SiC, a durable Oxide/Oxide CMC with thermally insulating coating, and the Next Generation CMCs with high strength that can be used as structural materials for turbine components for small engines and for rotating components in engines of various sizes. The programs will require integrated partnerships between government, national laboratories, universities and industry. The overall cost of the proposed development programs is estimated at U.S. $100M over ten-years, i.e. an annual average of U.S. $10M.

Ceramic Gas Turbine Development: Need for a 10Year Plan

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark van Roode
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Electrical Efficiency

Ceramic gas turbine development that started in the 1950s has slowed considerably since most of the large-scale ceramic gas turbine development programs of the 1970s–1990s ended. While component durability still does not meet expectations, the prospect of significant energy savings and emission reductions, potentially achievable with ceramic gas turbines, continues to justify development efforts. Four gas turbine applications have been identified that could be commercially attractive: a small recuperated gas turbine (microturbine) with ∼35% electrical efficiency, a recuperated gas turbine for transportation applications with ∼40% electrical efficiency with potential applications for efficient small engine cogeneration, a ∼40% efficient midsize industrial gas turbine, and a ∼63% (combined cycle) efficient utility turbine. Key technologies have been identified to ensure performance and component durability targets can be met over the expected life cycle for these applications. These technologies include a Si3N4 or SiC with high fracture toughness, durable EBCs for Si3N4 and SiC, an effective EBC∕TBC for SiC∕SiC, a durable oxide∕oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) with thermally insulating coating, and the next generation CMCs with high strength that can be used as structural materials for turbine components for small engines and for rotating components in engines of various sizes. The programs will require integrated partnerships between government, national laboratories, universities, and industry. The overall cost of the proposed development programs is estimated at U.S. $100M over 10years, i.e., an annual average of U.S. $10M.

Performance Improvement Program for Kawasaki Gas Turbine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Taniguchi ◽  
Ryoji Tamai ◽  
Yoshihiko Muto ◽  
Satoshi Takami ◽  
Ryozo Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Improvement Program

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd (KHI) has started a comprehensive program to further improve performance and availability of existing Kawasaki gas turbines. In the program, one of the Kawasaki’s existing gas turbine was selected from the broad product line and various kinds of technology were investigated and adopted to further improve its thermal performance and availability. The new technologies involve novel film cooling of turbine nozzles, advanced and large-scale numerical simulations, new thermal barrier coating. The thermal performance target is combined cycle efficiency of 51.6% and the target ramp rate is 20% load per minute. The program started in 2015 and engine testing has just started. In this paper, details of the program are described, focusing on design procedure.

Development of Mitsubishi 1600°C Class J-Type Gas Turbine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Araki ◽  
J. Masada ◽  
S. Hada ◽  
E. Ito ◽  
K. Tsukagoshi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Component Technology ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
National Project ◽  
Class D ◽  
Operation Status

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) developed a 1100°C class D-type gas turbine in the 1980s and constructed the world’s first successful large-scale combined cycle power plant. Since then, MHI has developed the F and G-type gas turbines with higher turbine inlet temperature and has delivered these units worldwide accumulating successful commercial operations. MHI is currently participating in a Japanese National Project to promote the development of component technology for the next generation 1700°C class gas turbine. MHI recently developed a 1600°C class J-type gas turbine utilizing some of the technologies developed in the National Project. This paper discusses the history and evolution of MHI large frame gas turbine for power generation and the 1600°C class J-type gas turbine update, including the engine specification, verification and trial operation status.

FERRIUM M54

Alloy Digest ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Resistance To Stress

Abstract Ferrium M54 was designed to create a cost-effective, ultra high-strength, high-fracture toughness material with a high resistance to stress-corrosion cracking for use in structural applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well asfatigue. Filing Code: SA-822. Producer or source: QuesTek Innovations, LLC.

Modern opportunities for preparation of ultra-pure water for feeding high-performance boiler plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
A.A. Filimonova ◽  
◽  
N.D. Chichirova ◽  
A.A. Chichirov ◽  
A.A. Batalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Equipment

The article provides an overview of modern high-performance combined-cycle plants and gas turbine plants with waste heat boilers. The forecast for the introduction of gas turbine equipment at TPPs in the world and in Russia is presented. The classification of gas turbines according to the degree of energy efficiency and operational characteristics is given. Waste heat boilers are characterized in terms of design and associated performance and efficiency. To achieve high operating parameters of gas turbine and boiler equipment, it is necessary to use, among other things, modern water treatment equipment. The article discusses modern effective technologies, the leading place among which is occupied by membrane, and especially baromembrane methods of preparing feed water-waste heat boilers. At the same time, the ion exchange technology remains one of the most demanded at TPPs in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Structural, Chemical and High Mechanical Reforms in B4C with Graphene Composite Material Substitution for Potential Shielding Frame Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1921
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Alarifi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Standard Designs

In this work, boron carbide and graphene nanoparticle composite material (B4C–G) was investigated using an experimental approach. The composite material prepared with the two-step stir casting method showed significant hardness and high melting point attributes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, indicated 83.65%, 17.32%, and 97.00% of boron carbide + 0% graphene nanoparticles chemical compositions for the C-atom, Al-atom, and B4C in the compound studied, respectively. The physical properties of all samples’ B4C–G like density and melting point were 2.4 g/cm3 density and 2450 °C, respectively, while the grain size of B4C–G was in the range of 0.8 ± 0.2 µm. XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopic analysis was also performed to investigate the chemical compositions of the B4C–G composite. The molding press composite machine was a fabrication procedure that resulted in the formation of outstanding materials by utilizing the sintering process, including heating and pressing the materials. For mechanical properties, high fracture toughness and tensile strength of B4C–G composites were analyzed according to ASTM standard designs. The detailed analysis has shown that with 6% graphene content in B4C, the composite material portrays a high strength of 134 MPa and outstanding hardness properties. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the composite materials studied exhibit novel features suitable for use in the application of shielding frames.

scholarly journals Powering Ahead

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (05) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
The Military

This article explores the increasing use of natural gas in different turbine industries and in turn creating an efficient electrical system. All indications are that the aviation market will be good for gas turbine production as airlines and the military replace old equipment and expanding economies such as China and India increase their air travel. Gas turbines now account for some 22% of the electricity produced in the United States and 46% of the electricity generated in the United Kingdom. In spite of this market share, electrical power gas turbines have kept a much lower profile than competing technologies, such as coal-fired thermal plants and nuclear power. Gas turbines are also the primary device behind the modern combined power plant, about the most fuel-efficient technology we have. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is developing a new J series gas turbine for the combined cycle power plant market that could achieve thermal efficiencies of 61%. The researchers believe that if wind turbines and gas turbines team up, they can create a cleaner, more efficient electrical power system.

Research on Titanium Alloys with High Toughness and High Damage Tolerance

2009 ◽  
Vol 618-619 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Yong Qing Zhao ◽  
Heng Lei Qu ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Crack Propagation Rate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Ti Alloys

The recent shift in the design focus for aeroplanes from strength to damage tolerance has led to a subsequent shift in the focus of Ti alloy research. China first started to research Ti alloys with damage tolerance from the year 2000. The first product stemming from this research is a Ti alloy with high strength, high toughness and damage tolerance (TC21). TC21 exhibits high strength (UTS  1100MPa), high fracture toughness (K1c  70MPa.m1/2) and a low crack propagation rate (da/dN being similar to Ti-6-4 with  annealing). Another Ti alloy, named TC4-DT, has also been produced. It has moderate strength, along with high toughness and damage tolerance (UTS  900MPa, K1c  70MPa.m1/2, da/dN being similar to Ti-6-4 with  annealing). Both TC21 and TC4-DT are now undergoing rapid development, with the former alloy also being applied to a full scale aeronautical application. Both TC21 and TC4-DT have promising futures in the industry. They will be the main Ti alloys with damage tolerance utilised in the Chinese market.

Development and Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Components for Ceramic Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Makino ◽  
Ken-Ichi Mizuno ◽  
Toru Shimamori
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Power Turbine

NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. has been developing various silicon nitride materials, and the technology for fabricating components for ceramic gas turbines (CGT) using theses materials. We are supplying silicon nitride material components for the project to develop 300 kW class CGT for co-generation in Japan. EC-152 was developed for components that require high strength at high temperature, such as turbine blades and turbine nozzles. In order to adapt the increasing of the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) up to 1,350 °C in accordance with the project goals, we developed two silicon nitride materials with further unproved properties: ST-1 and ST-2. ST-1 has a higher strength than EC-152 and is suitable for first stage turbine blades and power turbine blades. ST-2 has higher oxidation resistance than EC-152 and is suitable for power turbine nozzles. In this paper, we report on the properties of these materials, and present the results of evaluations of these materials when they are actually used for CGT components such as first stage turbine blades and power turbine nozzles.

Plasma Arc Spraying of Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni Amorphous Alloys

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Sordelet ◽  
P. Huang ◽  
M.F. Besser ◽  
E. Lepecheva
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Plasma Arc ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Spray Coatings ◽  
Sprayed Coatings

Abstract A brief feasibility study was performed to produce thermal spray coatings using gas atomized powders of Cu47Ti34-xZr11Ni8Six, where x=0 and 1. These alloys have previously been shown to be capable of forming metallic glasses having thick (1-2 cm) cross sections because they can be cooled from the melt at relatively low cooling rates (e.g., 100-102Ks-1). The properties of these metallic glasses include high strength, high elasticity and high fracture toughness. Amorphous plasma arc sprayed coatings were produced which were close in composition to the starting powders, and exhibited comparable glass transition and crystallization behavior. The amorphous structure of the as-sprayed coatings was used as a source for forming a range of partially devitrified and fully crystallized structures. The average hardness of the coatings increased from around 6 GPa to near 10 GPa as the degree of crystallization increased.

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