Enhancement of Spray Flash Evaporation by Means of the Injection of Bubble Nuclei

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Miyatake ◽  
T. Tomimura ◽  
Y. Ide
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Liquid Temperature ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Electrolytic Current ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

Spray flash evaporators are being used or considered for power systems utilizing solar energy, ocean thermal energy, and geothermal energy. As part of an attempt to develop a compact, efficient flash evaporator, an experimental study of the effect of injection of bubble nuclei has been conducted. The bubble nuclei were generated by electrolyzing warm water, which was ejected from a simple tubular nozzle into a low-pressure vapor zone. Effects of electrolytic current level, nozzle diameter, liquid flow rate, liquid temperature, and superheat were investigated. The evaporator rates attained were superior to those in conventional multistage flash evaporators with open channels.

An Experimental Study of Surfactant Effect on Gas Tolerance in Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
Haiwen Zhu ◽  
Jiecheng Zhang ◽  
Hong-Quan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
In Series ◽  
Pressure Increment

An experimental study on ESP boosting pressure under air-water flow with/without surfactant injection is presented. The experimental facility comprises of a 3-inch-diameter stainless steel liquid loop and ½-inch-diameter gas loop. A radial-type ESP with 14 stages assembled in series was installed in the testing bench. Pressure ports were drilled at inter-stage to measure the stage-by-stage boosting pressure. Surfactants, isopropanol (IPA) were injected to change interfacial properties of working fluids. Experiments were carried out with mapping and surging test schemes to evaluate pump behaviors at different operational conditions. ESP pressure increment under single-phase water flow agrees well with manufacture curves. For mapping tests without surfactant injection, ESP performance suffers from a severe degradation as gas flow rate increases. High gas entrainment rate causes oscillations of liquid flow rate and pump boosting pressure. A sudden drop of ESP pressure increment, termed as pressure surging, occurs at the critical inlet gas volumetric fraction (GVF). At higher rotational speeds, the critical GVF is higher. With surfactant injection, ESP boosting pressure improves significantly. With different GVFs, only mild degradation was observed. Pressure surging phenomenon disappeared. Further, liquid flow rate and pump boosting pressure are more stable at high GVFs compared to experimental data without surfactant injection.

An Experimental Study on the Dynamic Response of a Vertical Cantilever Pipe Conveying Fluid

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shilling ◽  
Y. K. Lou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
System Response ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

Transverse vibrations of elastic pipes conveying a fluid have been observed in pipelines and heat exchangers. These fluid-induced vibrations can be a serious problem and in some incidents have caused structural failure resulting in environmental damage and economic loss. For offshore applications such as marine risers, the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plant and deep ocean mining vacuums, the problem is compounded by the existence of vortex shedding, wave excitations, currents, and platform motions. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of internal flow rate and the depth of immersion on the dynamic response of a vertical cantilever pipe discharging a fluid. It was found that the internal flow rate and the surrounding fluid have a significant effect on the natural frequencies of the system. Specifically it was found, that depending on the relative value of the forcing frequency, in comparison to the system natural frequencies, an increase in flow rate may not necessarily result in a larger system response. Conversely, an increase in the length of pipe immersion does not necessarily decrease the response of the system. It is also observed that with increasing flow rate, an auspicious increase in the response of the higher harmonics is noted, indicating an increase fluid coupling of the system. System natural frequencies were observed to decrease with increasing flow rate.

CO2 Capturing by MDEA-PZ-TETA in a Rotating Packed Bed

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 645-648
Author(s):  
Mei Jin ◽  
Li Yan Zhou ◽  
Ping Lu ◽  
Jin Huang Wang ◽  
Guo Xian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Liquid Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Rotating Packed Bed ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Absorption Condition

The absorption performance of CO2 using MDEA-PZ-TETA ternary absorbent in a rotating packed bed was investigated. The effects of the concentration of the ternary absorbent, the absorbing liquid temperature, the rotating speed, the liquid flow rate and gas flow rate on the absorption performance of CO2 were discussed in detail. The experimental results showed that the optimum absorption condition was the absorbent concentration of 0.05 mol/L, the absorption temperature of 290 K, the rotating speed of 454 rpm and the ratio of gas to liquid of 1.2, which could provide a molar absorption saturated capacity of 1.3688 molCO2/molAm and a satisfying CO2 absorptivity of 93.18%.

Absorption of oxygen into solutions of polymers

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Potůček ◽  
Jiří Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Flow Curve ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Newtonian Liquids

Absorption of oxygen into water and aqueous solutions of poly(acrylamides) was studied in an absorber with a wetted sphere. The effects of changes in the liquid flow rate and the polymer concentration on the liquid side mass transfer coefficient were examined. The results are expressed by correlations between dimensionless criteria modified for non-Newtonian liquids whose flow curve can be described by the Ostwald-de Waele model.

scholarly journals Effects of water salinity on the foam dynamics for EOR application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rudyk ◽  
Sami Al-Khamisi ◽  
Yahya Al-Wahaibi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Porous System ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Total Flow Rate ◽  
Foam Flow

AbstractFactors limiting foam injection for EOR application are exceptionally low rock permeability and exceedingly high salinity of the formation water. In this regard, foam formation using internal olefin sulfonate is investigated over a wide salinity range (1, 5, 8, 10, and 12% NaCl) through 10 mD limestone. The relationships between pressure drop (dP), apparent viscosity, liquid flow rate, total flow rate, salinity, foam texture, and length of foam drops at the outlet used as an indicator of viscosity are studied. Foaming is observed up to 12% NaCl, compared to a maximum of 8% NaCl in similar core-flooding experiments with 50 mD limestone and 255 mD sandstone. Thus, the salinity limit of foam formation has increased significantly due to the low permeability, which can be explained by the fact that the narrow porous system acts like a membrane with smaller holes. Compared to the increasing dP reported for highly permeable rocks, dP linearly decreases in almost the entire range of gas fraction (fg) at 1–10% NaCl. As fg increases, dP at higher total flow rate is higher at all salinities, but the magnitude of dP controls the dependence of apparent viscosity on total flow rate. Low dP is measured at 1% and 10% NaCl, and high dP is measured at 5, 8, and 12% NaCl. In the case of low dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at higher total flow rate with increasing gas fraction, but similar at two total flow rates with increasing liquid flow rate. In the case of high dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at lower total flow rate, both with an increase in the gas fraction and with an increase in the liquid flow rate. A linear correlation is found between dP or apparent viscosity and liquid flow rate, which defines it as a governing factor of foam flow and can be considered when modeling foam flow.

scholarly journals Impact of Orifice-to-Pipe Diameter Ratio on Leakage Flow: An Experimental Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Tingchao Yu ◽  
Xiangqiu Zhang ◽  
Iran E. Lima Neto ◽  
Tuqiao Zhang ◽  
Yu Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Leakage Flow Rate ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Real Scale

The traditional orifice discharge formula used to estimate the flow rate through a leak opening at a pipe wall often produces inaccurate results. This paper reports an original experimental study in which the influence of orifice-to-pipe diameter ratio on leakage flow rate was investigated for several internal/external flow conditions and orifice holes with different shapes. The results revealed that orifice-to-pipe diameter ratio (or pipe wall curvature) indeed influenced the leakage flow, with the discharge coefficient ( C d ) presenting a wide variation (0.60–0.85). As the orifice-to-pipe diameter ratio decreased, the values of C d systematically decreased from about 12% to 3%. Overall, the values of C d also decreased with β (ratio of pressure head differential at the orifice to wall thickness), as observed in previous studies. On the other hand, orifice shape, main pipe flow velocity, and external medium (water or air) all had a secondary effect on C d . The results obtained in the present study not only demonstrated that orifice-to-pipe diameter ratio affects the outflow, but also that real scale pipes may exhibit a relevant deviation of C d from the classical range (0.61–0.67) reported in the literature.

Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows on Wetted Walls

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Iso ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Film Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Transition ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wall Flows ◽  
Rivulet Flow

Gas-liquid two-phase flows on the wall like liquid film flows, which are the so-called wetted wall flows, are observed in many industrial processes such as absorption, desorption, distillation and others. For the optimum design of packed columns widely used in those kind of processes, the accurate predictions of the details on the wetted wall flow behavior in packing elements are important, especially in order to enhance the mass transfer between the gas and liquid and to prevent flooding and channeling of the liquid flow. The present study focused on the effects of the change of liquid flow rate and the wall surface texture treatments on the characteristics of wetted wall flows which have the drastic flow transition between the film flow and rivulet flow. In this paper, the three-dimensional gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation by using the volume of fluid (VOF) model is applied into wetted wall flows. Firstly, as one of new interesting findings in this paper, present results showed that the hysteresis of the flow transition between the film flow and rivulet flow arose against the increasing or decreasing stages of the liquid flow rate. It was supposed that this transition phenomenon depends on the history of flow pattern as the change of curvature of interphase surface which leads to the surface tension. Additionally, the applicability and accuracy of the present numerical simulation were validated by using the existing experimental and theoretical studies with smooth wall surface. Secondary, referring to the texture geometry used in an industrial packing element, the present simulations showed that surface texture treatments added on the wall can improve the prevention of liquid channeling and can increase the wetted area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document