System Analysis of Thermochemical-Based Biorefineries for Coproduction of Hydrogen and Electricity

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Braun ◽  
Luke G. Hanzon ◽  
Jered H. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Hydrogen Purification ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Thermal Integration ◽  
Near Term

Fuels derived from biomass feedstocks are a particularly attractive energy resource pathway given their inherent advantages of energy security via domestic fuel crop production and their renewable status. However, there are numerous questions regarding how to optimally produce, distribute, and utilize biofuels such that they are economically, energetically, and environmentally sustainable. Comparative analyses of two conceptual 2000 tons/day thermochemical-based biorefineries are performed to explore the effects of emerging technologies on process efficiencies. System models of the biorefineries, created using ASPEN Plus®, include all primary process steps required to convert a biomass feedstock into hydrogen, including gasification, gas cleanup and conditioning, hydrogen purification, and thermal integration. The biorefinery concepts studied herein are representative of “near-term” (approximately 2015) and “future” (approximately 2025) plants. The near-term plant design serves as a baseline concept and incorporates currently available commercial technologies for all nongasifier processes. Gasifier technology employed in these analyses is centered on directly heated, oxygen-blown, fluidized-bed systems that are pressurized to nearly 25 bars. The future plant design employs emerging gas cleaning and conditioning technologies for both tar and sulfur removal unit operations. A 25% increase in electric power production is observed for the future case over the baseline configuration due to the improved thermal integration while realizing an overall plant efficiency improvement of 2 percentage points. Exergy analysis reveals that the largest inefficiencies are associated with the (i) gasification, (ii) steam and power production, and (iii) gas cleanup and purification processes. Additional suggestions for improvements in the biorefinery plant for hydrogen production are given.

System Analysis of Thermochemical-Based Biorefineries for Co-Production of Hydrogen and Electricity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Braun ◽  
Luke G. Hanzon ◽  
Jered H. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Future ◽  
Thermal Integration ◽  
Near Term

Fuels derived from biomass feedstocks are a particularly attractive energy resource pathway given their inherent advantages of energy security via domestic fuel crop production and their renewable status. However, there are numerous questions regarding how to optimally produce, distribute, and utilize biofuels such that they are economically, energetically, and environmentally sustainable. Comparative analyses of two conceptual 2000 tonne/day thermochemical-based biorefineries are performed to explore the effects of emerging technologies on process efficiencies. System models of the biorefineries, created using ASPEN Plus®, include all primary process steps required to convert a biomass feedstock into hydrogen, including gasification, gas cleanup and conditioning, hydrogen purification, and thermal integration. The biorefinery concepts studied herein are representative of ‘near-term’ (ca. 2015) and ‘future’ (ca. 2025) plants. The ‘near-term’ plant design serves as a baseline concept and incorporates currently available commercial technologies for all non-gasifier processes. The ‘future’ plant design employs emerging gas cleaning and conditioning technologies for both tar and sulfur removal unit operations. Gasifier technology employed in these analyses is centered on directly-heated, oxygen-blown, fluidized-bed systems. Selection of the gasifier pressurizing agent (CO2 v. N2) is found to be a key factor in achieving high hydrogen production efficiency. Efficiency gains of 8-percentage points appear possible with CO2 capture using Selexol or Rectisol-type processes. A 25% increase in electric power production is observed for the ‘future’ case over the baseline configuration due to improved thermal integration while realizing an overall plant efficiency improvement of 2 percentage points. Exergy analysis reveals the largest inefficiencies are associated with the (i) gasification, (ii) steam and power production, and (iii) gas cleanup and purification processes.

Conflict of international and regional strategies and the future of wars in the Arab region "Political stability or political chaos"

2019 ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fadel Jassim Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Regional Competition ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Political Differences

The Arab region is of great importance as an important part of the Middle East for both international and regional powers.This importance has placed it and its peoples in the suffering of international and regional interventions and has placed it in a state of permanent instability as it witnessed international and regional competition that increased significantly after the US intervention in Iraq in 2003. Accordingly, the research aims to shed light on the strategic directions of the global and regional powers by knowing their objectives separately, such as American, Russian, Turkish, Israeli and Iranian. The course aims at determining the future of this region in terms of political stability and lack thereof. Therefore, the hypothesis of the research comes from [that the different strategic visions and political and economic interests between the international and regional powers have exacerbated the conflicts between those forces and their alliances within the Arab region.. The third deals with the future of the Arab region in light of the conflict of these strategies. Accordingly, the research reached a number of conclusions confirming the continuation of international and regional competition within the Arab region, as well as the continuation of the state of conflict, tension, instability and chaos in the near term, as a result of the inability of Arab countries to overcome their political differences on the one hand and also their inability to advance their Arab reality. In the face of external challenges on the other.

Climate change impacts on the future offshore wind energy resource in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Costoya ◽  
M. deCastro ◽  
D. Carvalho ◽  
Z. Feng ◽  
M. Gómez-Gesteira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Evaluation and re-understanding of the global natural gas hydrate resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Xiong-Qi Pang ◽  
Zhuo-Heng Chen ◽  
Cheng-Zao Jia ◽  
En-Ze Wang ◽  
He-Sheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Natural Gas Hydrate ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recoverable Resources

AbstractNatural gas hydrate (NGH) has been widely considered as an alternative to conventional oil and gas resources in the future energy resource supply since Trofimuk’s first resource assessment in 1973. At least 29 global estimates have been published from various studies so far, among which 24 estimates are greater than the total conventional gas resources. If drawn in chronological order, the 29 historical resource estimates show a clear downward trend, reflecting the changes in our perception with respect to its resource potential with increasing our knowledge on the NGH with time. A time series of the 29 estimates was used to establish a statistical model for predict the future trend. The model produces an expected resource value of 41.46 × 1012 m3 at the year of 2050. The statistical trend projected future gas hydrate resource is only about 10% of total natural gas resource in conventional reservoir, consistent with estimates of global technically recoverable resources (TRR) in gas hydrate from Monte Carlo technique based on volumetric and material balance approaches. Considering the technical challenges and high cost in commercial production and the lack of competitive advantages compared with rapid growing unconventional and renewable resources, only those on the very top of the gas hydrate resource pyramid will be added to future energy supply. It is unlikely that the NGH will be the major energy source in the future.

scholarly journals How will future climate depending agronomic management impact the yield risk of wheat cropping systems? A regional case study of Eastern Denmark

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
J. Macholdt ◽  
J. Glerup Gyldengren ◽  
E. Diamantopoulos ◽  
M. E. Styczen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
Yield Risk ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract One of the major challenges in agriculture is how climate change influences crop production, for different environmental (soil type, topography, groundwater depth, etc.) and agronomic management conditions. Through systems modelling, this study aims to quantify the impact of future climate on yield risk of winter wheat for two common soil types of Eastern Denmark. The agro-ecosystem model DAISY was used to simulate arable, conventional cropping systems (CSs) and the study focused on the three main management factors: cropping sequence, usage of catch crops and cereal straw management. For the case region of Eastern Denmark, the future yield risk of wheat does not necessarily increase under climate change mainly due to lower water stress in the projections; rather, it depends on appropriate management and each CS design. Major management factors affecting the yield risk of wheat were N supply and the amount of organic material added during rotations. If a CS is characterized by straw removal and no catch crop within the rotation, an increased wheat yield risk must be expected in the future. In contrast, more favourable CSs, including catch crops and straw incorporation, maintain their capacity and result in a decreasing yield risk over time. Higher soil organic matter content, higher net nitrogen mineralization rate and higher soil organic nitrogen content were the main underlying causes for these positive effects. Furthermore, the simulation results showed better N recycling and reduced nitrate leaching for the more favourable CSs, which provide benefits for environment-friendly and sustainable crop production.

Distribution System Analysis and the Future Smart Grid

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2343-2350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Arritt ◽  
Roger C. Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The Future

The role of quality seed use for world crop production with special reference to the developing countries

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
W P Feistritzer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pasture Plants

In this short article the author indicates the present stages of development of variety evaluation, testing, certification, production and marketing of quality seed—of cereals, industrial crops, pasture plants and vegetables—in major geographical regions of the world and draws attention to some of the underlying problems which must be faced in the future if further progress is to be made.

scholarly journals The Impact of Future Emission Policies on Tropospheric Ozone using a Parameterised Approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Turnock ◽  
Oliver Wild ◽  
Frank Dentener ◽  
Yanko Davila ◽  
Louisa Emmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
Tropospheric O3 ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface O3

Abstract. This study quantifies future changes in tropospheric ozone (O3) using a simple parameterisation of source-receptor relationships based on simulations from a range of models participating in the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollutants (TF-HTAP) experiments. Surface and tropospheric O3 changes are calculated globally and across 16 regions from perturbations in precursor emissions (NOx, CO, VOCs) and methane (CH4) abundance. A source attribution is provided for each source region along with an estimate of uncertainty based on the spread of the results from the models. Tests against model simulations using HadGEM2-ES confirm that the approaches used within the parameterisation are valid. The O3 response to changes in CH4 abundance is slightly larger in TF-HTAP Phase 2 than in the TF-HTAP Phase 1 assessment (2010) and provides further evidence that controlling CH4 is important for limiting future O3 concentrations. Different treatments of chemistry and meteorology in models remains one of the largest uncertainties in calculating the O3 response to perturbations in CH4 abundance and precursor emissions, particularly over the Middle East and South Asian regions. Emission changes for the future ECLIPSE scenarios and a subset of preliminary Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) indicate that surface O3 concentrations will increase by 1 to 8 ppbv in 2050 across different regions. Source attribution analysis highlights the growing importance of CH4 in the future under current legislation. A global tropospheric O3 radiative forcing of +0.07 W m−2 from 2010 to 2050 is predicted using the ECLIPSE scenarios and SSPs, based solely on changes in CH4 abundance and tropospheric O3 precursor emissions and neglecting any influence of climate change. Current legislation is shown to be inadequate in limiting the future degradation of surface ozone air quality and enhancement of near-term climate warming. More stringent future emission controls provide a large reduction in both surface O3 concentrations and O3 radiative forcing. The parameterisation provides a simple tool to highlight the different impacts and associated uncertainties of local and hemispheric emission control strategies on both surface air quality and the near-term climate forcing by tropospheric O3.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document