Optimal Design and Control of Wind-Diesel Hybrid Energy Systems for Remote Arctic Mines

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Romero ◽  
Monica Carvalho ◽  
Dean L. Millar

Mining operations are located in increasingly remote areas in order to search for relatively high-grade mineral deposits, despite the challenges that arise. These challenges are fundamentally logistic and directly impact the profitability of the remote operation. One of the main challenges is energy supply, since locations that lack a power grid, fuel pipelines, or adequate—if existing—road access have substantially increased energy-related operating costs. Today, a remote mine's energy costs add up to 40% of total operating expenses; this is in contrast with grid-connected, accessible mines, where the energy costs seldom reach 20% of the total. In searching for more cost-effective energy supply options, the present work uses the optimal mine site energy supply (OMSES) concept to optimize the design and operation schedule of a remote underground mine's energy supply system (ESS). Energy demand, weather, and economic data were collected and processed, emulating a remote mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada. The optimal energy system minimized the total cost of the energy supply, which included not only the operation cost but also the annuitized capital investment in equipment. Subsequently, the optimal system's design for the considered demands and environmental factors was subject to simulation and control optimization. Wind power was included in the formulation. Issues such as the necessary spinning reserve and the penetration curtailment, among others, were analyzed, both in the design and the control problems. The present work identified potential improvements for the integrated design (ID) and control of a remote mine's energy system, in particular when including a renewable energy resource with a considerable level of variability, i.e., wind. The optimal solution included the installation of two wind turbines (WTs), achieving 3% diesel savings with a 20% increase of investment compared with the conventional design. The model was validated with a real project—the Diavik Diamond Mine ESS, which included a wind farm with four turbines. A model predictive control (MPC) approach was chosen to optimize scheduling in a simulation with variable conditions of wind speed and ambient temperature; this proved to be a convenient method to assess the robustness of optimal designs. Results also confirmed the limitations of design optimization when uncertainties related to wind energy were ignored.

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (03) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
C. Schultz ◽  
S. Braunreuther ◽  
G. Prof. Reinhart

Angesichts steigender Energiekosten sowie eines zunehmenden Bewusstseins für nachhaltige Produktion ist es heute erforderlich, Zielvorgaben für den Energieverbrauch in der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung zu verankern sowie umzusetzen. Aus diesem Grund präsentiert dieser Artikel ein Verfahren für eine energieorientierte Produktionssteuerung, die auf der Basis von Energieflexibilität und Lastmanagement den Energiebedarf der Produktion mit einem begrenzten Energieangebot synchronisiert.   Due to rising energy costs and a growing awareness for sustainable production, it is now necessary for companies to establish targets for energy consumption in production planning and control. Therefore, this article illustrates a method for energy-oriented production control on the basis of flexibility and load management which synchronizes the energy demand in manufacturing with a limited energy supply.


2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (04) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
C. Schultz ◽  
F. Keller ◽  
S. Braunreuther ◽  
G. Prof. Reinhart

Unternehmen, die ihren Energiebedarf gezielt am Energieangebot beziehungsweise den aktuellen Strompreisen ausrichten, können schon heute Energiekosten sparen und zur Stabilisierung der Stromnetze beitragen. Der Fachartikel zeigt auf, welche Datengrundlage ein produzierendes Unternehmen für einen flexiblen Energieeinsatz schaffen muss. Ausgehend von Anforderungen der energieorientierten Produktionsplanung und -steuerung wird dargestellt, wie die Datenerhebung, -auswertung und -nutzung gestaltet werden.   Companies which specifically align their energy demand with energy supply or current prices, can already save energy costs and contribute to the stabilization of the power grid. This article points out which data foundation a manufacturing company needs to create for a flexible use of energy. Based on requirements of energy-oriented production planning and control it is shown how the collection, analysis and use of this data can be organized.


Author(s):  
Kostadin Fikiin ◽  
Borislav Stankov

Refrigerated warehouses are large energy consumers and account for a significant portion of the global energy demand. Nevertheless the opportunity for integration of renewable resources in the energy supply of large cold storage facilities is very often unjustifiably neglected, whereas the employment of renewable energy for many other industrial and comfort applications is actively promoted and explored. In that context, the purpose of this chapter is to bridge the existing gap by raising the public awareness of stakeholders, researchers, practicing engineers and policy makers about the availability of a number of smart engineering solutions and control strategies to exploit renewables of different nature (solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, etc.) in the food storage sector, as well as by calling the readers' attention to the specialised knowledge in the matter, which has been published so far.


2017 ◽  
pp. 721-770
Author(s):  
Kostadin Fikiin ◽  
Borislav Stankov

Refrigerated warehouses are large energy consumers and account for a significant portion of the global energy demand. Nevertheless the opportunity for integration of renewable resources in the energy supply of large cold storage facilities is very often unjustifiably neglected, whereas the employment of renewable energy for many other industrial and comfort applications is actively promoted and explored. In that context, the purpose of this chapter is to bridge the existing gap by raising the public awareness of stakeholders, researchers, practicing engineers and policy makers about the availability of a number of smart engineering solutions and control strategies to exploit renewables of different nature (solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, etc.) in the food storage sector, as well as by calling the readers' attention to the specialised knowledge in the matter, which has been published so far.


2007 ◽  
pp. 104-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bashmakov

The paper presents a vision of Russian energy future before 2020. The scenario approach is required to identify potential energy supply and demand future trajectories for Russia facing uncertainties of both global energy system evolution and domestic demographic and economic development in 2007-2020. It allows for assessing energy demand by sectors under different investment, technological and energy pricing policies favoring the least cost balancing of energy supply options and energy efficiency improvements to sustain dynamic economic growth. The given approach provides grounds for evaluation of different energy policies effectiveness. Three scenarios - "Inertia Strategy", "Energy Centrism", and "Efficiency Strategy - Four I" - integral-innovative-intellectual-individual oriented energy systems - are considered in the paper. It shows that ignorance of the last scenario escalates either energy shortages in the country or Russian economy overloading with energy supply investments both preventing from sustaining rates of economic growth which have recently been demonstrated by Russia.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Satyam Kumar Prasun ◽  
Sanjeev Jararia

The demand for electricity power is increasing day by day, which cannot be met  with  the satisfied  level without  non-renewable energy  resource. Renewable  energy sources  such as wind,  solar are universal and  ecological. These renewable energy  sources are best options to fulfill the world energy demand, but unpredictable due to natural conditions. The use of the hybrid solar and wind renewable energy system like will be the best option forthe utilization  these  available  resources.  The  objective  of  this  paper  is  to  study  the various aspects of hybrid solar and wind system. The application and different theories related to the development of hybrid also discussed in this paper.


Author(s):  
Uliya Mitra ◽  
Vikas Dubey

In the 21st century, energy supply has been one of the challenging issues that the world is facing. This is due to growing populations which results in more homes, businesses, and industries and has resulted in a large number of new appliances that increased the energy demand to a new level. The electric system we are using today is a one-way energy flow. Smart grid has emerged as the solution of continuously increasing demand. It is the future of electric energy system and also the power grid for upcoming generations. SG system works on the dual technique, that is, it counts electricity flow and the information which could deliver and distribute the energy universally by automating the existing electrical network.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Arens ◽  
Sunke Schlüters ◽  
Benedikt Hanke ◽  
Karsten von Maydell ◽  
Carsten Agert

The decarbonization of the energy system will bring substantial changes, from supranational regions to residential sites. This review investigates sustainable energy supply, applying a multi-sectoral approach from a residential site perspective, especially with focus on identifying crucial, plausible factors and their influence on the operation of the system. The traditionally separated mobility, heat, and electricity sectors are examined in more detail with regard to their decarbonization approaches. For every sector, available technologies, demand, and future perspectives are described. Furthermore, the benefits of cross-sectoral integration and technology coupling are examined, besides challenges to the electricity grid due to upcoming technologies, such as electric vehicles and heat pumps. Measures such as transport mode shift and improving building insulation can reduce the demand in their respective sector, although their impact remains uncertain. Moreover, flexibility measures such as Power to X or vehicle to grid couple the electricity sector to other sectors such as the mobility and heat sectors. Based on these findings, a morphological analysis is conducted. A morphological box is presented to summarize the major characteristics of the future residential energy system and investigate mutually incompatible pairs of factors. Lastly, the scenario space is further analyzed in terms of annual energy demand for a district.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Roman Geyer ◽  
Sophie Knöttner ◽  
Christian Diendorfer ◽  
Gerwin Drexler-Schmid ◽  
Verena Alton

The need for decarbonization raises several questions. How can renewable energy supply for the industrial sector be realized in the long term? Furthermore, how must the existing energy system be transformed to achieve the ambitious climate targets in place? In Austria, the share of renewable energy supplying industrial energy demand currently accounts for only 45% of final energy consumption. This clearly shows that a conversion of industrial energy systems is necessary. Different ambitious perspectives for a renewable energy supply for the Austrian industrial sector are calculated for three defined scenarios (base, efficiency, transition) in this paper. In addition, corresponding requirements for the energy infrastructures are discussed. The scenario results show a range of industrial final energy consumption from 78 TWh (efficiency) to 105 TWh (transition) through decarbonizing the industrial energy supply (cf. 87 TWh in 2019). Decarbonization requires an increasing shift towards electrical energy, especially in the transition scenario, whereas in the base and efficiency scenarios, biogenic fuels play an important role. Comprehensive decarbonization and the associated substitution of energy carriers in industry pose significant challenges for the existing energy infrastructure, its expansion, and optimization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Konara Mudiyanselage Gayani Kaushalya Konara ◽  
Akihiro Tokai

Fast growing economy of Sri Lanka with an annual GDP growth rate of 5% has significantly increased demand for energy. As energy supply must grow in a sustainable way to meet the demand, concern over the environmental impact of energy flows have been gaining attention during policy development and implementation. Therefore, there is a need of comprehensively evaluating energy metabolic system in Sri Lanka to identify resource dependencies of the country that must be addressed to increase the sustainability. A conceptual energy metabolic model was developed identifying economic, social and demographic variables affecting energy demand, transformation and supply and GHG emissions in Sri Lanka. Developed model was used to evaluate the current energy flows and forecast the behaviour of energy metabolism while assessing the sustainability of the energy system using number of sustainability indicators. Developed model indicates an average annual growth rate of 4.06% in energy demand, 4.17% in non-renewable energy supply and 3.36% in GHG emissions. Transport sector has the highest GHG emissions percentage of 73%. Sustainability evaluation of the energy metabolic system shows that Sri Lanka is becoming more efficient and less energy intensive over the years. However, increase in GHG emissions per capita and emission intensity has a negative impact on the environmental sustainability while increase renewable energy share in total energy supply can be considered positive. The findings of the research give new insights to the energy system of Sri Lanka which enable energy planners to implement policies to transition towards a more secure and sustainable energy system.


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